科技英语中的名词化现象省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

科技英语中名词化现象科技英语中名词化现象及其作用及其作用第1页1.引言科技英语语体特征：科技英语语体特征：严谨周密，概念清楚、准确，逻辑性强行文简练，重点突出使用专有名词、术语复杂，有很强专业性使用第三人称句、被动句和长句等采取名词化结构：采取名词化结构：强调存在事实，而非某一行为有效地简化语言结构，言简意明，信息突出第2页2.科技英语中名词化结构名词化是科技英语一个主要语体标识（stylistic marker）。名词化，顾名思义，就是把句子中动词或形容词转换为名词或名词词组，从而使名词或名词词组取得动词或形容词意义而含有名词语法功效。科技英语中名词化现象主要分为以下几类：第3页（一）简单名词化现象结构通常为名词+名词（行为名词）software packages 软件包fast linear voltage controller 快速线性电压控制器illumination circumstance 照度条件image intensifier photocathode 像增强器光阴极laser noise amplitude modulation 采取激光噪声放大调制第4页（二）复合名词化现象一个中心名词+前后修饰成份spectral behavior 光谱特征distributed network 分布式网络decentralized minimum state error variance controller 分散最小状态误差改变控制器第5页（二）复合名词化现象An airborne VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral imaging system for environmental monitoring is presented.本文提出了一个用于环境监测机载超近红外-短波红外超光谱成像系统第6页（三）动词派生词名词化现象这类结构中名词是由动词派生而来，如在一些动词词尾加上-tion，-sion，-xion，-ment，-ance，-ence 等后缀组成对应名词，通常搭配介词等组成名词化结构。惯用结构为：名词+of+名词短语名词+of+名词短语+介词+名词短语第7页（三）动词派生词名词化现象The demonstration of an embodiment shows an adaptive Wavefront control loop.提出实施例含有适应性波前控制回路。An improvement of its performance can be effected by the use of deformable mirrors.采取可变形反射镜能提升其性能。第8页（三）动词派生词名词化现象The choice of platform is significant.怎样选择平台影响显著。A prototype system enables the simultaneous collection of LWIR reflectance spectra.原型系统使长波红外反射光谱搜集成为可能。第9页（四）形容词名词化现象For most adaptive optics applications,it is an advantage to place the deformable elements and Wavefront sensors at pupil points within the optical path.For most adaptive optics applications,to place the deformable elements and Wavefront sensors at pupil points within the optical path is advantageous.对于大多数适应性光学仪器，在光路中光瞳点放置可变形元件和波前传感器是非常有利。第10页（四）形容词名词化现象Hyperspectral imager of high resolution is absolutely necessary for space-based earth observations.Hyperspectral imager of high resolution is an absolute necessity for space-based earth observations.对于空基地球观察来说，高分辨率高光谱成像仪是绝对必要。第11页（五）句子名词化现象有时能够将从句转化为名词化形式，以增加句子专业性和简练性。The extraction of the optical path difference with the target spectrum builds up an interferogram for each scene element.As we extract the optical path difference with the target spectrum,we can build up an interferogram for each scene element.提取出目标光谱光路差异，就能针对每个场景元素建立干涉图。第12页3.名词化在科技英语中作用科技英语是相关科学和技术发展描述，其目标是为了使先进技术能够得到保留和交流。语篇简练和语言表述客观公正性是科技英语语言主要特点，而名词化使用刚好就满足了这两个特征。另外，名词化使用对增强科技英语语篇衔接含有主要作用，名词化使用更能明晰表示科技英语语篇逻辑关系。第13页（一）语言简练，信息浓缩Measurements of the three-dimension(3D)orientation parameters of the axis symmetry objects,plays an important role of optimization design and malfunction analysis of the targets in shooting range experimentations.第14页（二）语言表示客观公正If we analyze the characteristic of the high resolution remote sensing image produced by the CCD cameraIf the characteristic of the high resolution remote sensing image produced by the CCD camera is analyzedAnalysis of the high resolution remote sensing image produced by the CCD camera shows that第15页（三）衔接连贯作用将前句述位中表达过程动词名词化，作为下句中主位或主位一部分。比如：FPGA is used for image storage and interface bus control,but the real time use is responsible for logic control as well as auxiliary data transmission.第16页（三）衔接连贯作用将表示过程动词名词化，用其同义词充当下句主位。比如：A system platform is designed to test the performance of compression.Tests show that the proposed scheme can satisfy the real-time processing requirement and there is no obvious difference between the sourced image and the compressed image in respect of image quality.第17页4.结论科技英语中大量采取名词化表示方法，使语言简练、意义明确、逻辑关系清楚、语言表示客观公正。经过分析名词化现象及其结构特点，能够掌握科技英语写作特征及方法，为科技英语写作及翻译提供了理论支撑。第18页THANK YOU！第19页