裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第课.doc

单词学习
jazz n. 爵士音乐
classical music 古典音乐
folk music 民族音乐
country music 乡村音乐
pop (popular) music 流行音乐
jazz 爵士音乐
play jazz 演奏爵士乐
eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
rock and roll 摇滚乐
rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）
musical adj. 音乐的
music [U]
a piece of music 一首音乐
concert ['kɔnsət] [C] 音乐会
musical adj. 音乐的
musician n. 音乐家
a music lesson 一堂音乐课
a music teacher 音乐教师
a music lover 音乐爱好者
a piece of music 一首音乐
face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事
（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参与军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。）
a musical instrument 一件乐器
a misical performance 乐器演奏
a musical score [skɔ:] 乐谱
musical voice 美妙的声音
instrument
1) 器具，仪器
torture ['tɔ:tʃə] instruments 刑具
operation instruments 手术器械
2) 乐器
musical instrument 乐器
-----What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？
-----I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。
-----I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
-----I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴。
-----I can play the saxophone ['sæksə,fəʊn]. 我会吹萨克斯管。
instrument中的----ment是名词后缀
movement 移动
government 政府
judgement 判断
argument 争论，证据
clavichord n. 古钢琴
recently adv. 最近地 ；lately adv. 最近地
常用在现在完毕时以及过去时中
eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄坏了。
eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。
eg. Have you seen him recently. 最近你见过他吗?
recent adj. 最近的，最新的
eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在最近几年有很大的变化。
eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?
eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 这张照片看起来很新是最近照的
more recent; most recent
damage v. 损坏
spoil v. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏
damage v. 部分损坏
destroy v. 毁坏，彻底损坏
spoil
1) 破坏
eg. The rain spoiled our excursion[iks'kə:ʃən]. 雨破坏了我们的远足计划。
2) 腐烂
eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。
3) 溺爱
eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。
damage n. [U] [C]
1) 损失 [U]
a lot of damage 大量损失
damage to sth 对……的损失
damage to the car 对车辆导致的损失
damage to crops 对庄稼导致的损失
damage to one's reputation 对某人名声导致的损失
2) damages 补偿 [C]
v. 损坏
1) 部分损坏
break 打断
cut 剪，砍，割
crush [krʌʃ] 压坏，捣坏
tear 撕
stain [stein] 弄脏
都包含在damage 范围之内
2) 损害
eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。
to damage relations between two countries 损害两国之间的关系
to damage one's career[kə'riə] 损坏某人的职业
damage one's good name 损害某人的好名声
destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（希望，计划等）
eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毁灭了整个森林。
eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal [ri'fju:zəl].
我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。
key n.
1) 琴键
eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她过度用力敲击琴键。
or: She hit the keys too hard.
2) 钥匙
the key to the door 这个门的钥匙
the answer to the question 这个问题的答案
the entrance to the hall 这个大厅的入口
the train to London 开往伦敦的火车
to表由此及彼的方向性
adj. 关键的，重要的
key structures 关键句型
eg. Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？
Every student. 人人都是。
a key question 一个关键问题
string n. （乐器的）弦
1)细绳（比 cord 细，比thread粗）
a piece of string 一条绳子
a ball of string 一卷绳子
2) （附在衣服等之上的）带子
apron['eiprən] strings 围裙带
3) 弦乐器
the strings弦乐器
violin 小提琴
mandolin [,mændə'lɪn, 'mændlɪn] n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器)
cello ['tʃeləʊ] 大提琴
harp 竖琴
viola [vɪ'əʊlə] 中提琴
guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉他
contrabass ['kɔntrə'beis] 低音弦乐器
都是弦乐器
clavichord 古钢琴
piano 钢琴
organ ['ɔ:ɡən] 风琴
harpsichord ['hɑ:psɪ,kɔ:d] 大键琴
都称为instrument
woodwind ['wʊdwɪnd]木管乐器
brass 铜管乐器
percussion [pə'kʌʃən] 打击乐器
4) 一串…..，一系列……
a string of necklace 一串项链
a string of pearls 一串珍珠
a string of visitors 一系列的来访者
a string of wins 一系列的胜利
tied to one's wife's apron strings （深受）妻子影响及控制
harp on one's string 旧调重弹，老事重提
have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人
shock v.使…..不悦或气愤，震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
be surprised 对……感到惊讶（中性）
be shocked 震惊（贬）
be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了
be surprised at/by sth 对…..感到吃惊
be shocked at/by sth 对……感到震怒/震惊
be astonished at/by sth 对…..感到目瞪口呆
surprise n.
以surprise为例
eg. Mary's birthday is coming. I'll give her a surprise.
玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。
a surprise party 一个意外聚会
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
allow [ə'lau] v. 允许，让（非正式用语）
permit [pə'mit] v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）
permit ['pəmit] n. 通行证
1) allow doing…..允许做
eg. We don't allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。
2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
eg. My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.
我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。
allow yourself to make mistakes 不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。
3) 授与人…..
eg. He allows his son too much money. 他给儿子太多的钱。
allowance [ə'lauəns] n. 津贴；补贴；零用钱(Am.)
eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付钞票打9.5折
make allowances for 考虑到
touch v. 触摸
touch-me-not 凤仙花
forget-me-not 勿忘我
eg. Don't touch me. 别碰我。
eg. Don't touch that dish. It's very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很烫。
vi.摸起来 （可以跟形容词）
类似的词有：
sound 听起来
taste 尝起来
look 看起来
The desk touches smooth. 这桌子摸起来很光滑。
The fish smells good. 这鱼闻起来很好。
The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来令人感爱好。
touched/moved/excited 感动的（主语多是人）
touching/moving/exciting 令人感动的（主语多是物）
touch stone 试金石
a near touch 千钧一发
in touch 保持联系
out of touch 失去联系
 课文讲解
have 有，拥有
eg. I have many friends.
当"有，拥有"讲时，无被动态和进行时态
have 是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思
have breakfast
have a fever 发热
have a good time 玩得开心
have a headache 头疼
have a running nose 流鼻涕
have a swollen['swəʊlən] face 脸浮肿
have sth done 由别人做某事
have something to do with 与……有关系
have nothing to do with 与……没有关系
have anything to do with 与……有任何关系
have to do sth 不得不做某事
It is called a clavichord.
变为积极语态为：
We call it a clavichord.
be made in + 地点 表达产地
be made in + 时间 表达制作于某时
be made of (a material) 用某种材料制作
表达仍能看出原材料
eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 这把茶壶是银制的。
eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某种或某些材料制成
表达已经看不出原材料
eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。
eg. This sweater is made from wool. 这件毛衣是羊毛制成的。
be made by sb 被…..制造
eg. This cake was made by my sister. 这只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。
be made for 为…..做的
eg. This cake was made for you. 这只蛋糕是为你制作的。
living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime )
sitting room (Br.) = living room
Our clavichord is kept in the living room
转变为积极语态:
We keep our clavichord in the living room.
belong to 属于（无被动）
类似的词尚有:
happen 发生
take place 发生
have 有
The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
转变为积极语态：
My grandfather bought it many years ago.
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
积极态为：
Recently a visitor damaged it.
too 太，过多（贬）
eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。
eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奋了。
break-broke-broken
break vt.
eg. She broke two strings. 她弄断两根琴弦。
eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差点摔断脖子。
broken adj. 断了的，破了的
eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。
Eg. The book is broken. 这书太破了。
eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦断了。
Now we are not allowed to touch it.
to touch it是主语补足语
积极态为：
Now my my father does not allow us to touch it.
to touch it是宾语补足语
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
积极态为：
a friend of my father's is repairing it.
a friend of my father's （双重所有格）
还可替换成：one of my father's friends
eg. Tom lent me one of his books.
or: Tom lent me a book of his.
eg. He is one of my friends.
or: He is a friend of mine.
Special Difficulties-----make
be made in 表达制造于某地或某时
be made of 表达能看出原材料
be made from 表达看不出原材料
made by sb 表达是谁制造的
made for 为了谁而制造
1) Is your watch made of gold?
2) These knives were made in Sheffield ['ʃefi:ld] 设菲尔德(英国英格兰北部城市)?
3) This cake was made from suger, flour, butter and egg.
双重所有格替换练习：
eg. a friend of my father's
or: one of my father's friends
1) He borrowed one of my records.
He borrowed a record of mine.
2) She showed me one of John's pictures.
She showed me a picture of John's.
3) It was one of her ideas.
It was an idea of hers.
4) One of your letters was found on my desk.
A letter of yours was found on my desk.
5) Some of their friends came to see me.
Some friends of theirs came to see me.