东北师范大学外国语学院英语实践基础历年考研真题汇编.pdf

目录2007年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题2006年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题2005年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题2004年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题2003年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题2007年东北师范大学681英语实践基础考研真题I.VOCABULARY1Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate form of the wordprovided in the parenthesis.(20 points)(1)There has been a _ of interest in this authors unique writing style.(revive)(2)I was _ at being always told what to do and what not to do.(fury)(3)The company became _ within three years,which was beyond manypeoples expectation.(profit)(4)The _ manager will interview you.(person)(5)The man who is in charge of the _ is an excellent engineer.(install)(6)Many people fear snakes because some of them are _.(poison)(7)If I did something wrong,it was only through _.(ignore)(8)We kept her _ of the news that her son died in the accident.(inform)(9)To save money,he often buys _ textbooks.(use)(10)He worked with great _ and hoped to finish it ahead of schedule.(efficient)(11)In modern society many people seem to have forgotten that marriage is alifelong _.(commit)(12)It is common to see people _ each other in America.(embrace)(13)The store sells only products that contain no artificial _.(preserve)(14)Sam Walton,who single-handedly built Wal-Mart,is the largest _in the United States.(retail)(15)Would you please stop by the hardware store and pick up a _ filterfor the air conditioning unit?(replace)(16)The bread makers _ lid made it impossible for anyone to use it.(defect)(17)Smaller shops have items that are much more _ for the averageshopper.(afford)(18)“Sour milk”is a term used for either milk that has passed its _ dateor the bitter taste of learning a painful lesson.(expire)(19)We need your _ here on this dotted line.(sign)(20)I could do the entire web page myself if I had a _ to put the picturesand graphics up with.(scan)2Choose one from A,B,C or D,which is closest to the meaning of theunderlined word,or phrase(20 points).(1)The accountant is scrupulous in recording expenses.A.carefulB.recklessC.obstinateD.disheartened(2)The Watsons decided to defer their plans for a vacation.A.transferB.regretC.relishD.postpone(3)Older people often speak of frugality as the greatest virtue when dealingwith money.A.excessB.finalityC.restraintD.generosity(4)In the near future,we will see a lot of controversy about whats a trait andwhats a disease.A.conversationB.thinkingC.debateD.anger(5)There should be testing to see if people are more prone to violence in thework place.A.afraidB.inclinedC.practicedD.accustomed(6)Nature now can be tinkered with in ways that not long ago were onlyScience-fiction fantasies.A.ignoredB.avoidedC.toleratedD.manipulated(7)English prevails in transportation and the media.A.existsB.preservesC.continuesD.predominates(8)I was even more confused when I found out that the meaning of the verbto duck came from the bird and not vice versa.A.the other way aroundB.from something elseC.with many meaningsD.written in a different way(9)I grew up in a culture that considers us literally a part of the entire processthat is called nature.A.in an imaginative wayB.in realityC.intellectuallyD.poetically(10)If you are over 65 and retired,you may be eligible to receive a BlueCross Gold policy.A.legalB.qualifiedC.fortunateD.credible(11)In an effort to promote our new product,we have undertaken heavyadvertisement campaigns through all forms of mass media.A.engageB.advertiseC.raiseD.advance(12)During the preliminary stages of building,we will break the ground,level it out,and then begin digging the foundation.A.initialB.finalC.contemporaryD.current13)After his television repair business went bankrupt,Steve decided to stayhome and watch the children while his wife played the role of thebreadwinner.A.brokeB.seriousC.downD.ahead(14)To spend more money on shipping than on producing an item is silly anddefinitely no cost-effective.A.convincingB.decisiveC.economicalD.efficient(15)We are going to be holding seminars all day Saturday on topics rangingfrom balancing a checkbook to personal investing.A.partiesB.bandsC.conferencesD.statements(16)I hope that these new computers will facilitate the rapid growth of yourpromising company.A.retardB.fastenC.helpD.fascinate(17)Ever since he took a mouth off for health reason,we havent had anycorrespondence with him whatsoever.A.communicationB.meetingC.agreementD.collaboration(18)The court has ordered the committee to inquire into this incident further.A.investigateB.restateC.bring for wareD.carry away(19)The layout of the room will look something like this,but Im still tryingto decide the actual color scheme and which graphics we are going to insert.A.decorationB.indexC.environmentD.arrangement(20)The Orient Express is a famous and luxurious train that transports itstravelers into the heart of some of Europes most exotic places.A.mysteriousB.unusualC.realisticD.precarious3Fill in the blanks with the words given below,making necessary changes.Note that there are extra words in the list.(10 points)Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath theirwindows.She was their neighbor.Yet none of the 32 helped her.Not oneeven called the police.Was this(1)cruelty?Was it lack of feeling aboutones fellowman?“Not so.”said scientists John Darley and Bibb Fatane.These men went(2)the headlines to find the reasons why people didntact.They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help.First he has to(3)that there is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man slump to the sidewalk.Is he having a heart attack?Is he in a comafrom diabetes?Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming intothe room from a(4)in the air conditioning?Is it“steam pipes”?Or is itreally smoke from a fire?Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with areal emergency.Second,and more important,the person faced with an emergency must feel(5)responsible.He must feel that he must help,or the person wont getthe help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how manypeople are(6).They had college students in to be“tested.”Some camealone.Some came with one or two others.And some came in large groups.The receptionist started them off on the“tests.”Then she went into the nextroom.A curtain divided the“testing room”and the room into which shewent.Soon the students heard a(7),the noise of file cabinets falling and acry for help.All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.Of thestudents in pairs two out of ten helped.Of the students in groups,nonehelped.In other words,in group,Americans often(8)to act.They feelthat others will act.They,themselves,need not.They do not feel any(9)responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble?Yes.Thescientists found that the people were emotional,they sweated,they had(10)hands.They felt the other persons trouble.But they did not act.Theywere in a group.Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they werewith.II.READING COMPREHENSION(50 points)Passage A The following passage contains TEN errors.Each line contains amaximum of one error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You shouldproofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(10 points)For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a“”signand write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the endof the line for an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary work with a slash“/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Passage B Read the following passage and choose A,B,C or D to completeeach of the following statements.(10 points)Fire TestsMost fires start in a buildings contents,not its structure.Understanding howfire grows indoorsin enclosed spacesis the first step in limiting itspotential for death and destruction.Fire tests have been around for years,andmost building codes make reference to them.Some,however,are obsolete,inthe sense that they cant accommodate a growing number of new materials innew configurations.Nor can they rank items in order of flammability.Whatis needed are graded tests that attach numbers to the degree of flammability.These numbers could then be plugged into suitable computer models.Thecomputer could work out the total flammability of an item,depending onwhat its made of how its put together,and where its placed.Computer models are becoming important in research.Scientists are hopingthat one day,with enough data and sufficiently powerful computers,they willbe able to calculate,without actually setting fire to anything,the way a firewill spread in any given building.A fire indoors is a very different animal from the one outdoors.When you puta match to incinerator,the flames build up steadily.Most of the heat is lost tothe atmosphere,so you have no trouble staging close by.Inside a room,it obeys different and more complex physics,and the dangerquietly multiplies.First,instead of a match,imagine a cigarette dropped intothe back of a lounge chair.Cigarettes,you should know,are among the majorcauses of fires in houses.A carelessly discarded cigarette can stay alight in aconcealed crevice for as long as 45 minutes.Then,after smouldering away,the chairs upholstery suddenly ignites.Within perhaps 30 seconds,smoke,combustion gases,and heat begin curling upwards,and before I minute haspassed,they have started building up in a trapped layer under the ceiling.As the chair continues to bum the layer gets hotter and thicker,and after 2minutes it starts radiating heat back down to the chair and other furniture inthe room.After 3 minutes or so the trapped heat can become so intense thatwe see flash-over,everything in the room,including combustible gases,has reached ignition point and bursts into flame.Experiments have shown that some polyurethane armchairs can,5 minutesafter ignition,give out 1-2 megawatts of heat.Thats no more than a livelyincinerator produces;but when its confined in a room it can easily induceflash over.After flash-over anybody still in the room would be dead.Peoplerarely appreciate how quickly a small fire indoors can turn into a deadlyinferno.They waste time going to the laundry to get a bucket of water insteadof making sure everybody else is out of the house.By the time they get back,the fire will almost certainly be out of control.Billowing clouds of smokeand toxic gases quickly spill through doorways and along halls,envelopingand incapacitating sleeping occupants in the rest of the house.You can appreciate that modeling the entire course of an indoor fire on acomputer is a daunting task.The program needs to consider the flamingcombustion zone,the rising thermal plume above there beneath the celling,and ventilation,Turbulence of air is very difficult to model because largeeddies can grow from features as small as 0.1 mm across.Nevertheless,fire researchers overseas have simplified models to studyaspects of fire behaviour in homes,hospitals,aircraft,tunnels,stadiums,shopping malls and airports.For example,the Fire Research Station inBritain has spent 7 years developing Jasmine,which can show how aircirculates into a burning building and.how the smoke layer deepens withtime.In the United States,the National Bureau of Standards has developed ASET,which calculates available safe egress time.This fire-growth model requiresfigures for rates of mass loss,smoke release,production of toxic gases,andheat build-up.Most existing tests,as we have noted,fail to provide thenecessary data.They will need to be modified,or a whole new generation oftests devised.1The majority of fires in buildings are caused by_A.materials left in the buildings.B.poor building structure.C.outdated fire regulations.D.enclosed spaces.2The increased number of new materials used to construct buildings_A.leads to increasing number of fires.B.means fire rules need to be updated.C.requires many new construction configurations.D.uses graded tests to determine risk.3The risk of flammability in a given material_A.is due to computer modeling.B.is due to what the item is made of.C.is due to a variety of factors.D.is due to graded tests.4Due to insufficient computing power_A.scientists do not understand the risks of fire.B.scientists cannot update fire regulations.C.scientists cannot recommend using new materials.D.scientists have to test materials by setting fire to them.5Fires in houses_A.are always caused by cigarettes.B.take between 45 minutes and 2 hours to spread.C.are very different to fires outdoors,D.often start suddenly.6When a chair has been burning for about 3 minutes_A.smoke becomes trapped under the ceiling.B.the temperature rises.C.the rest of the room ignites.D.people in the room will die.7The article suggests that if a person encounters a burning chair_A.it wont put out as much heat as an incinerator.B.the person should try to put it out.C.the person will become incapacitatedD.the person should remove all people in the area.8Because indoor tires have many aspects,_A.they are difficult to understand.B.air turbulence is increased.C.eddies cannot be understood.D.they are difficult to put out.9Overseas fire researchers_A.are particularly interested in fires in homes and hospitals.B.study certain features of fires rather than the whole process.C.understand how air circulates in a burning building.D.have enough computer power to do complete research.10The National Bureau of Standards in the U S._A.fails to provide necessary data.B.needs to be modified.C.requires a wide range of data.D.helps control fires.Passage C Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraphs from the listof headings below.(10 points)I Dont Know Where Im Gonna Go When the Volcano Blows1These words,suggested in a song by Jimmy Buffet in his 1979 Volcanoalbum,probably reflect the concerns of many people living near activevolcanoes.Volcanoes are beneficial to humans living on or near them.Theyproduce fertile soil,and provide valuable minerals,water reservoirs,geothermal resources,and scenic beauty.But volcanoes can be verydangerous.Where can a person go to be safe from an erupting volcano?Whattypes of volcanic hazards might they face?These questions are difficult toanswer because there are many types of volcanic eruptions which producedifferent types of volcanic hazards.2When Mount St Helens erupted on May 18,1980,red hot lava did notspew out of the volcano and pour down its flanks.This perception of avolcanic eruption is a common one and is probably due in part to picturesseen on television or in books of the beautiful lava flows and lava fountainsin Hawaii.The type of eruptions in Hawaii is known as Hawaiian volcanismand is far less dangerous than the eruptions produced by Mount St.Helens.Itis important to know what type of an emption a volcano is most likely toproduce so that the types of hazards produced by such an eruption can beidentified.Knowledge of these types of lizards will help de