从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的课件省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

从高考从高考题题看情看情态动词对过态动词对过去推去推测测虚虚拟拟表示法表示法易百英易百英语语教研室制作教研室制作公培公培强强第1页情态动词对过去推测虚拟表示即“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构是情态动词这一语法当中一个难点，也是历届高考试题考查一个重点，所以，大家必须了解并牢靠掌握这一结构特点和使用方法。下面我结合近年来相关高考试题，就“情态动词+have+过去分词”这一结构基本使用方法作以下归纳和分析。第2页1.“must+have+ved”用于必定句当用于必定句当中，表示对过去所发生动作或存在状中，表示对过去所发生动作或存在状态很必定一个推测，意为态很必定一个推测，意为“一定一定”、“想必想必”。第3页例1.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.(NMET 北京)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 简析简析:答案为B。本题考查“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去必定推测使用方法。句意为：他一定是完成了工作，不然，他不会在海边玩这么开心。而“should+have+ed”则表示应该做某事却没做；“cant+have+ed”是“must+have+ed”否定式；wouldnt表示“不会”均不符合题意。故B正确。第4页例2.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Something _to him.（江西）A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened简析简析:答案为D。由上句句意可知，汤姆从来上班不迟到，说明他在对方说话前必定出了什么事情，表示一个很必定推测。故D正确。第5页例3.-Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.-Great!You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（NMET 上海）A.mustB.should C.must haveD.should have简析简析:答案为C。“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去可能性必定推测，由语境“I have got A for my term paper”可知，他在得A之前必定进行了大量阅读并倾注了许多心血。故C正确。第6页2.“can/could+have+ed”表示对过表示对过去某情况可能性否定或质疑，意为去某情况可能性否定或质疑，意为“不可能（已经）不可能（已经）了了”或或“可能可能（已经）（已经）了了”。多用于否定句和。多用于否定句和疑问句当中疑问句当中；用于必定句中，表示对用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，意为过去没有做某事遗憾，意为“原来应原来应该该（但实际上却没有（但实际上却没有）”，含有轻微责备。含有轻微责备。第7页例1.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_ have taken it?(NMET 上海春季)A.should B.must C.could D.would简析简析:答案为C。should+have+ed表示原来应该做某事而却没做；must+have+ed表示过去一定那样做了，would have+ed惯用于表示虚拟语气，均不符合题意。could have taken表示对过去可能性推断，由上句可知，我英汉词典不在了，可能是谁把它拿走了。故C正确。第8页例2.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _your lecture.(NMET 上海)A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended简析简析:答案为A。cant/couldnt+have+ed表示对过去否定性推测，意为“不可能”，由“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,”可知，他不可能参加讲座。故A正确。第9页例3.You _ it better,but you were too careless.A.shouldnt have done B.could have done C.neednt have done D.mustnt have done简析简析:答案为B。could have done表示对过去没有做某事遗憾，本句意为“原来应该做更加好（但实际上因为太粗心却没有做好）”，含有轻微责备。故B正确。第10页3.“may/might+have+ed”用用于必定句或否定句中，表示对过于必定句或否定句中，表示对过去发生某事可能性推测，意为去发生某事可能性推测，意为“或许（已经）或许（已经）”或或“或许还或许还没有没有”。第11页例 Sorry,Im late.I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(NMET 京、皖春季卷)A.might B.should C.can D.will简析简析:答案为A。might+have ed表示过去可能做某事，由所提供语境“Im late”可知，说话人可能把闹钟关上了，而不是原来不应该把闹钟关上而关上了。而“should+have+ed”表示原来应该做某事而却没做；“can+have+ed”表示对过去某情况可能性推测，多用于否定句和疑问句当中；will惯用来表示未来或意愿。故A正确。第12页再如：Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she might have said something she would regret later.昨天，琼离开了讨论会。不然她或许会说些她以后感到后悔事情。第13页4.“should/ought to+have+ed”，用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某用于必定句中，表示对过去没有做某事得遗憾，意为事得遗憾，意为“原来应该原来应该（但（但实际上却没有实际上却没有）”，往往含有责，往往含有责备意思；用于否定句当中，表示对做备意思；用于否定句当中，表示对做过事责备，意为过事责备，意为“原来不该原来不该（但（但实际上却已经实际上却已经了）了）”。第14页例1.-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.(NMET 湖南)A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 简析简析:答案为C。couldnt+have+ed表示对过去否定性推测,意为“不可能”;“must+have+ed”否定式推测用cant+have+ed而不用mustnt+have+ed;wouldnt+have+ed结构惯用于虚拟语气当中，均不符合题意。shouldnt+have+ed表示对做过事责备，意为“原来不该给猫太多食物（但实际上却已经给了它太多食物了，以致于猫太胖了）”。故C正确。第15页例2.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?(NMET 1999上海)A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have简析简析:答案为D。must+have+ed结构表示对过去可能性必定推测need 表示推测惯用于否定句当中；should+动词原形表示（现在）应该那么做；ought to+have+ed表示原来应该做而没有做，意为“昨天宴会上有许多有趣事，你理应来，但你为何没来呢？”。故D正确。第16页例3.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You_her last week.(NMET福建)A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told简析简析:答案为D。该题考查情态动词对过去推测。should+have+ed表示“本该做而没做某事”，其否定式为“本不该做而做了”。此句表示“你本该上周告诉她（却没有告诉）”，故D正确。第17页5“neednt+have+ed”结构结构表示表示“过去没有必要做某事，但过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了实际上却做了”，意为意为“原来能够原来能够无须无须（可实际上却已经（可实际上却已经了）了）”。第18页例 Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You_it.I could manage it myself.(NMET，福建)A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done简析简析:答案为B。此题考查情态动词在详细语境中利用。mustnt do意为“不许做”；shouldnt have done意为“原来不应该做而做了”，这两个选项在意义上都不通，neednt do表示普通时态没必要；neednt have done表示“原来没有必要”，指对过去事件评论，这与句意“你原来没有必要替我清扫房间”，因为“我自己能清扫”是一致。故B正确。第19页巩固练习巩固练习1.-She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam.-I guess so.Its not difficult after all.（NMET 江苏）A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt enjoy himself by the seaside.(NMET北京)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 3.I put my umbrella here behind the door a moment ago,but its gone.Who _it away by mistake?A.can take B.might take C.could have taken D.must have taken第20页4.No wonder you caught a cold.You _out last night without a coat.I know how silly I was.A.shouldnt have gone B.mustnt have gone C.couldnt have gone D.mightnt have gone5.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It_a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been6.Although there is no life on Mars now,some scientists think that there _ some form of life a long time ago.A.must beB.may have beenC.can have beenD.could be第21页7.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,I suppose.(NMET安徽)A.should B.can C.would D.must8.Look！There was plenty of time.We _.A.mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurried C.must not hurry D.neednt have hurried9.Dont be so anxious about that.John _ a note.A.may leave B.should leave C.might have left D.can have left10.You_to the school earlier this morning because you have a lot of homework to do.A.should come to B.ought to have come C.can come to D.might come to 第22页Keys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C B 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 第23页