20172018高一英语下学期期末复习专题必修3重点词汇讲解含解析.docx

2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题 专题一 必修1重点词汇 讲解部分 要点一：take place 1. (2017北京改编) We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that _(发生) while we sleep have been unclear. 2. (2017新课全国卷III改编) Where does the conversation probably_(发生)? 【参考答案】 1. take place 2. take place 【易错点津】 take place 是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，不用于进行时态。 【知识讲解】 take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代 in place of (介词短语)代替；交换 in place 放在合适的位置；适合的，恰当的 out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的 in the first place (列举理由)首先，第一点 in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 take sbs place / take the place of sb代替某人的职务，取代某人 【易混辨析】take place / happen / occur / come about / break out 这几个词/短语均可以表示发生，但是用法有区别。 take place 往表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 happen 作发生、碰巧发生解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。 occur 作发生、想到、突然想起解，其意义相当于happen。 come about 表示发生、产生，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。 break out 意思为发生、爆发，常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。 要点二：award (2017新课标全国卷II改编) Before the school year ended, I gave the kids a special gift, T-shirts with the words Verbs Are Your _ _ on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull, most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks 【参考答案】A 【知识讲解】 1. award n. 奖，奖品；vt. 授予；判定 award sb. sth./award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 be awarded for.因而得奖 win/receive/get an award for.因而获奖 2. reward n. 报酬，报答 vt. 报答；酬谢 as a reward for/in reward for作为的报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而报答某人 reward sb. for sth. 因某事奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物作为某人的回报 【易混辨析】award/reward/prize 易混词 含义 用法 award 奖品，奖 多指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经评定后正式授予的奖励，强调荣誉，而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。 reward 报答，报偿；奖赏 多指对某人的工作或服务等的奖励，尤指以金钱等形式的奖赏。 prize 奖赏，奖金，奖品 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖。这种奖有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。 要点三：look forward to (2017新课全国卷III改编) She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is _(盼望) the challenge of her new A-level course. 【参考答案】looking forward to 【拓展延伸】 动词(短语)介词to构成的短语： get down to开始认真干 pay attention to注意 devote oneself to献身；致力于 be used/accustomed to习惯于 be addicted to沉溺于 lead to导致 adjust/adapt to 适应 object to/be opposed to 反对 contribute to促成；是成因之一 【巧学妙记】图记look 短语要点四：turn up (2017江苏改编)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up 【参考答案】D 【特别提醒】 turn up除了表示出现，到场外，还有开大一点；找到；朝上翻等意思。 I cant hear the music. Please turn the radio up. 我听不到音乐，请把收音机开大点。 Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。 He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind. 他竖起了大衣的领子来抵御寒风。 【知识讲解】 turn in 上交；获得 turn to 转向，求助于 turn around 转过身 turn into 变成 turn over 翻转，翻过来 turn back 折回，往回走 turn out 结果是，证明是；生产，制造；出席 turn off 关上；(使)失去兴趣 turn down 拒绝；关小 turn on 打开；突然攻击 turn up出现；到场 要点五：lie (2015湖北改编)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(lie) 毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他具有和外国人用英语交流的能力。 【参考答案】lies in 【知识讲解】 lie (1)n. 谎言；谎话 tell a lie/lies to sb. 向某人说谎 a white lie 一个善意的谎言 (2) vi. 说谎；躺；位于；坐落在 lie to sb. 向某人说谎 lie down 躺下 lie in 在于 lie in/on/to 位于 lie in/on 躺在 【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay 动词原形 意义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 说谎；坐落于；位于(vi.) lied lied lying lie 躺；卧(vi.) lay lain lying lay 放置；产卵(vt.) laid laid laying 要点六：scene 1. (2017新课标全国卷III改编) This attractive tour takes you to some of San Franciss most cheerful holiday _(scene). 2. (2017新课标全国卷III改编) It was _ scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75-year history. 【参考答案】 1. scenes 2. a 【知识讲解】 scene n. (戏剧)一场；场面；现场；景色 on the scene在现场，当场 behind the scenes在幕后；在后台 appear/come on the scene到场，出现 set the scene提供条件 【易混辨析】view /scene/scenery/sight view 多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的景物，景致。 scene 除表示景物，景致外，还有场面之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内。 scenery 指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。 sight 指人们游览、观光的风景，特别值得一看的景物，也可指情景，景象，视力。既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。 【巧学妙记】巧记不同的风景： view scene scenery sight 要点七：permit 1. (2017新课标全国卷II改编) The government has already permitted the company _(use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. 2. (2015天津)With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted _ (cook) in their rooms. 【参考答案】 1. to use 2. to cook 【知识讲解】 1. permit (1)vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可。常见用法： permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit sb. sth. 允许某人某事 (2)n. 许可证；执照；通行证。常见用法： have got a permit有的许可证 a drivers/driving permit 驾驶执照 an entry permit 入境证 2. permission n. 允许，准许，许可 ask sb. for permission=ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可 with/without ones permission=with/without the permission of sb. 在/不在某人的允许下 要点八：manner (2014浙江改编)The Swiss follow formal table _(礼仪). 【参考答案】manners 【知识讲解】 manner n. 方式；举止，(pl.)礼貌。常见用法： in a manner在一定程度上 in a(n).manner以的方式 bad/good manners 没有/有礼貌 【特别提醒】 当manner意为方式，方法；举止；态度时常用单数形式；当它意为礼貌，礼仪；习俗时常用复数形式。 【易混辨析】method/manner/way/means method 可数名词，其后接of+动名词，不接不定式；特指有系统的方法、方式。 manner 通常用单数形式，其后可以接of+动名词。主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式，而且manner不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式、方法。 way 可数名词，最通用，可以用来代替前面的任何一个词，其后可以接to do，也可以接of+动名词。 means 单复数形式相同，当该词前加a，this，that，every等时，为单数；当其前加such，these，those，all等时，为复数。means多指抽象的或概括性的方法。 【特别提醒】 这几个词均表示方式，方法。表示用这种方法可以用以下短语：in this way，with this method，by this means，in this manner。 要点九：in time 1. (2017北京改编) The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time _ the special day. 2. (2017新课标全国卷III改编) This tour transports you back _(及时) to one of San Franciscos most fantastic periods, the 1950s! 3. (2017新课标全国卷III改编) Do you want to get up _(及时) to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? 【参考答案】 1. for 2. in time 3. in time 【知识讲解】 on time准时，按时 in time及时；终于 in no time立即，马上 at no time绝不(放在句首时，句子须倒装) at a time一次；每次 at one time曾经，一度 at times有时 for the time being暂时 take ones time别着急；慢慢来 against time争分夺秒地，尽快地 in time for sth./to do sth. 做某事及时/来得及做某事 要点十：exist (2017北京改编)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own _(exist). 【参考答案】existence 【知识讲解】 1. exist vi. 存在；生存 exist on (=live on) 靠为生 exist as作为而存在；以形态存在 exist in(=lie in) 存在于之中 There exist(s). 有/存在 【特别提醒】 exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。 2. existence n. 存在 in existence现存的，现有的 come into existence产生；成立；开始存在 bring into existence使发生；使产生 3. existing adj. 目前的，现存的 要点十一：preventfrom 1. (2017新课标全国卷III改编)It can prevent us _ getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy. 【参考答案】from 2. (2014江苏改编) During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could him from achieving his real potential. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free 【参考答案】A 【知识讲解】 1. preventfrom阻止，制止 prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 防止某人/物做某事 其中的from可省略。但如果在被动语态中，from不可省略。 Nothing can prevent him from working. 什么事也阻止不了他工作。 What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening? 我们能做些什么阻止事故的发生呢？ 2. 近义短语： keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from (doing) sth. 保护某人不受伤害 I tried to keep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。 What stopped him from coming here? 是什么阻止他来这里的呢? The farmers protect wheat from heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦，以防被大雨浇坏。 【特别提醒】 1. 在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth. 中的from不可省略，keep sb. doing sth. 意为使某人一直做某事。 2. 在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。 要点十二：break out 1. (2017北京改编) When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity _(崩溃) and everyone is in even bigger danger. 2. (2017江苏改编) _(解散) firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. 3. (2017江苏改编) Russia is another country with population problems that could _(破坏) its economic promise. 【参考答案】 1. breaks down 2. Breaking up 3. break 【知识讲解】 break out突发；爆发 break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等) break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解 break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等) break into 破门而入，突然起来 break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束 break through 突破 break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束 break into pieces 成为碎片 【特别注意】 break out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。 【语境助记】 When the fire broke out, my wife nearly broke down. Immediately I broke into the house and broke through the thick smoke to find my daughter; finally we successfully broke away from the burning building. 当大火燃烧时，我的妻子几乎崩溃，我立即破门而入，并且冲破重重浓烟去寻找我的女儿；最后，我们成功逃离这燃烧的大楼。 要点十三：measure 1. (2017浙江改编)Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such _(措施) will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). 2. (2017天津改编)Keep the tone _(测量): dont handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). 3. (2017北京改编)Tononis team _(测量) the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 【参考答案】 1. measures 2. measured 3. measured 【知识讲解】 1. measure (1)vt. & vi. 测量；衡量；判定。常见用法： measureagainst 以量；比较 measureby 用衡量 (2) n. 计量制；计量单位；措施。常见用法： take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 beyond measure 非常；极其 made to measure 量身定做的(衣服等) 2. measurement n. 尺寸；度量；(衡)量 measured adj. 量过的；慎重的 measurable adj. 可测量的 【特别提醒】 1. measure作措施解时，常用其复数形式。 2. measure表示有长(宽、高等时)，可看成系动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。 3. measure作及物动词时，其后接人或物，意为量；作不及物动词时，其后一般接尺寸、面积等，意为尺寸/面积是。 要点十四：manage to do 1. (2017新课标全国卷III改编)Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and _(manage) the wolf packs in Yellowstone. 2. (2017新课标全国卷II)Later, engineers _ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. 【参考答案】 1. manages 2. managed 【拓展延伸】 manage sth. 经营/管理某事物 manage with用对付过去 manage it 能做到 manager n. 经理；管理人员；经济人 management n. 管理；经营手段；管理部门 【易混辨析】manage to do /try to do/try doing manage to do sth. 表示设法成功地做了某事，强调结果，相当于succeed in doing sth。 try to do sth. 表示设法/努力去做某事，强调目的，不定式的动作或状态不一定能实现。 try doing 表示试着做某事。 要点十五：impress 1. (2017浙江改编)He was _(impress) with Benjamins drawings. 2. (2017浙江改编)Williams was impressed _ Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. 【参考答案】 1. impressed 2. with 【知识讲解】 1. impress vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记 impress sb. with 使某人钦佩；给某人留下深刻印象 be impressed with/by/at 对留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事 it impresses sb. that 令人佩服的是 2. impression n. 印象；感想 make/leave/give an impression on/upon sb.(给某人)留下好印象 make/give/create an impression on/upon 给制造一种印象 have/get the impression that 有的印象 under the impression that 有的印象 3. impressive adj. 感人的；给人以深刻印象的 When it comes to job interview, first impression is important. 当谈及求职面试时，第一印象很重要。 Her elegant appearance made an impression on all the guests from different countries. 她优雅的外表给来自各国的客人们留下了深刻印象。 【巧学妙记】 The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place. Especially, the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.20 20