初中英语语法——句子成分分析无答案.doc

语法讲座句子成分和句子结构一、概述：要想快速记忆英语的主要语言规则就必须按照词的分类来记忆（n. v. pron. adj. adv. art. prep. conj. num. interj.）。它们各自的作用见下表：分类词类英语名主要语法功能例词实词名词n.可数、不可数；单数、复数作句子的主语、宾语child-childrenfoot-feet代词Pron.人称代词5*8个；不定代词I-me-my-mine-myself/anybody动词vi, vt.在8种时态结构中的5种形式。作谓语do-does-doing-did-done数词Num.基数词、序数词one-first形容词Adj.修饰名词作定语有比较级和最高级(much)many-more-mostgood-better-best副词Adv.修饰动词、形容词、副词，作状语有比较级和最高级well-better-bestonly-无虚词介词Prep.和动词、名词构成词组look for/in the morning连词Conj.连接词或句子,表示各种关系and, but, when, if冠词Art.定冠词和不定冠词a, an, the叹词Interj.感叹语气Hi二、句子成分：主语:表示“是什么；是谁”。例如:Who teaches you English? (谁教你们的英语？)谓语:表示“做什么；是怎样”。例如:They are talking about the grades.(他们正在谈论分数。)宾语:表示“动作或介词的对象”。例如:My father bought me a new bike.(我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。)定语:表示名词或代词是“的”。例如:This is a big brown wooden desk.(这是一张棕色的大木头课桌。)状语:表示“地”做动作。例如:I really like English.(我真地喜欢英语)系表结构:英语中特有的“系动词+形容词或名词”的结构。系动词有“1+3+6”。例如：That sounds good.(那听起来很好) I am very well today.(我今天很好)三、五种基本句型：基本类型例句说明主语+谓语I see.我明白了。1.其他的句子基本都是它们的变形；2.作各种成分的词各不相同，但有一定的规律。主语+谓语+宾语I see you.我看见你了。主语+谓语+表语I look tired.我看起来很累。主语+谓语+双宾语I give you my watch.我给你我的手表。主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I ask him to help me.我要他帮助我。及其句子分类：类型功能例句特别注意陈述句叙述一件事He needs a new shirt.时态变化否定句表达“不”He doesnt need a new shirt.助动词变化一般疑问句表达“是否?”Can he afford a new shirt?回答方式特殊疑问句表达“5W1H”的疑问Why does he need a new shirt?疑问词的含义感叹句传达喜怒哀乐等感情How he needs a new shirt!感叹词的用法祈使句要求、命令做Show me a new shirt, please.省略了主语youThere be句型表达“在地方有”There are many new shirts in Wuhan Plaza.be动词按照邻近原则变化四、分析下列句子的句子成分：1. Three is enough for each of us.2. Some young people cant be careful to their jobs.3. You are many but they are few.4. I can speak a little Japanese.5. All the people are here.6. Its so nice to meet you.7. Who is she?8. What color is your new dress?9. When is your school art festival?10. How is your father?11. What are they talking about?12. Four and three is seven.13. All I can do is to wait and see.14. Being a middle student is a difficult thing.15. To be a scientist needs to work hard.16. You also can buy clothes, fridges(冰箱) and washing machines(洗衣机) in this supermarket.17. This is my shirt. 18. This shirt is mine.19. Is math your favorite subject?20. Is your favorite subject math?