新概念第三册Lesson14市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

Lesson 14 A noblie gangsterLesson 14 A noblie gangster第1页1.nobleadj.(nobler,noblest)1.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire,suchascourage,honestyandcareforothers高尚；品质高尚e.g.(1)伟大领袖anobleleader(2)他为了高尚事业而牺牲。Hediedforanoblecause.2.belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank贵族；高贵e.g.出身高贵人amanofnoblebirthadv.nobly nublin.apersonwhocomesfromafamilyofhighsocialrank;amemberofthenobility出身高贵人；贵族组员nobilitynubiliti n.1.(thenobility)贵族 2.u(fml)thequalityofbeingnobleincharacter高贵品质第2页2.gangstergstn.amemberofagroupofviolentcriminals匪徒；歹徒；土匪e.g.芝加哥歹徒Chicagogangsters第3页3.在指在指时间或地点名词时间或地点名词之后，可用之后，可用when和和where表示表示定语从句定语从句中中atwhich或或inwhich含义，如：含义，如：e.g.(1)你能否提出一个对我们双方都方便见面时间吗？Canyousuggestatimewhen/atwhichitwillbeconvenientforbothofustomeet?(2)她知道一处我们可在那儿找到野草莓树林。Sheknowsawoodwhere/inwhichwecanfindwildstrawberries.只有当指时间或地点名词只有当指时间或地点名词/先行词在从句中起到先行词在从句中起到时间状语或地点状语时间状语或地点状语作用时，才可使用作用时，才可使用关系副词关系副词when或或where引导定语从句，如：引导定语从句，如：e.g.(1)那是她所能找到对我们双方都方便见面时间。Thatsthetime(which)shehasfoundtobeconvenientforbothofustomeet.(2)他告诉了她孩子们玩捉迷藏时发觉那个藏身之处。Hetoldherthehiddenplace(which)thechildrenfoundwhileplayinghide-and-seek.即使上两例中先行词指时间和地点，但因为它们在定语从句中起到是宾语作用（即指Shehasfoundthetimetobeconvenientforbothofustomeet和thechildrenfoundthehiddenplacewhileplayinghide-and-seek）所以只能使用关系代词which/that引导这两个定语从句第4页4.pay(paid,paid)Vt.支付，付钱给支付，付钱给e.g.那条裙子你付了多少钱？Howmuchdidyoupayforthatdress?注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用payfore.g.(1)你付给面包师多少钱？Howmuchdidyoupaythebaker?(2)我来付你修理费。Letmepayyoufortherepair.注：付某人钱用paysb.,为某事付某人钱时用paysb.forsth.但付账单时用payabill,如：e.g.我已付了账单。Ihavepaidthebill.vi.付款，交款付款，交款e.g.(1)我将用支票付款。Illpaybycheque.(AmEcheck).(2)杰克付了饮料钱。Jackpaidforthedrinks.n.工资，薪金工资，薪金e.g.(1)酬金不少。Thepayisgood.(2)她失去了三周薪水。Shelostthreeweekspay.第5页5.sumsmn.1.c,(of)anamount(ofmoney)金额e.g.我得花一大笔大笔大笔钱才把它弄回来。Ihadtospendalargesum/largesumsofmoneytogetitback.2thetotalproducedwhennumbers,amounts,etc.,areaddedtogether和；总数；总和e.g.6加4之和为10.Thesumof6and4is10.insum(fml)usedtointroduceashortstatementofthemainpointsofadiscussion,speech,etc.总之，总而言之sumv.(-mm-)sumup/sumsthuptostatethemainpointsofsthinashortandclearform总结；概括synonym:summarizee.g.(1)概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种处理方法。Tosumup,therearethreemainwaystodealwith/solvetheproblem.(2)我能否把我们当前已经形成共识问题作个概括？CanIjustsumupwhatwehaveagreedsofar?第6页6.inreturn(for)作为（作为（）回报；作为（）回报；作为（）交换。通常指被看作有同等价值或同等意义上回交换。通常指被看作有同等价值或同等意义上回报报/交换，如：交换，如：e.g.(1)对你好意，他做了些什么呢？Whatdidhedoinreturnforyourkindness?(2)他们给予了我们极大帮助，但我们真为拿不出什么来报答他们而感到遗憾。Theyhavehelpedusalot,butwereallyfeelsorrythatwehavenothingtogivetheminreturn.第7页7.protectionprteknn.1.utheactofprotectingorstateofbeingprotected保护；保障；呵护；防卫；抵抗e.g.她那薄弱外衣不怎么御寒。Herthincoatgave/providedlittleprotectionagainstthecold.2.ualso(protectionmoney)(informal)(付给黑社会分子)保护费3.somethingthatprotects保护物e.g.鞋是用来保护脚。Shoesareaprotectionforthefeet.v.protect(against,from)tokeepsafe,esp.byguardingorcovering保护，维护，防护e.g.(1)这些珍禽受到专门法令保护-它们是受保护物种。Theserarebirdsareprotectedbyspeciallaws-theyareprotectedspecies.(2)维护自己声誉toprotectonesreputation(3)戴墨镜能够保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.第8页8.promptprmptadj.1.(ofanaction)donequickly,atonce,orattherighttime(行动)立刻；快速；按时e.g.(1)如蒙即期结账,则不胜感激。Promptpaymentofbillsisgreatlyappreciated.(2)他付房租从不拖延。Heispromptinpayinghisrent.(租金,租费)(3)Icantunderstandit;hesusuallyveryprompt.我不明白这是怎么回事,他通常很按时。adv.promptlyv.promptv.tocauseorurge促使；催促，引发e.g.(1)看到船使他想起遥远故乡。Thesightoftheshipspromptedthoughtsofhisdistanthome.(2)他回复促使我再提一个问题。Hisreplypromptedmetoaskanotherquestion.第9页9.outofbusiness倒闭，破产putv.tocausetobeinthestatedcondition使处于（某种状态）e.g.(1)他把自己书整理好了。Heputhisbooksinorder.(2)他那些乏味课程总是使我昏昏欲睡。Hisboringlessonsalwaysputmetosleep.putsb.outofbusiness使倒闭，破产第10页10.bydestroyinghisshop用捣毁他商店方法在句中作方式状语，修饰动词put，介词by在这里为“以方式”之意destroyv.todamage(sth)soseverelythatitcannotberepaired;putanendtotheexistenceof;ruin破坏，毁坏，摧残；毁灭e.g.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。Afiredestroyedthehouse.第11页11.obtainv.(ratherformal)tobecometheownerof,esp.bymeansofeffortorplanning;get（较正式）（尤指经过努力或计划）取得得到；赢得e.g.我终于设法弄到了这份汇报一个副本。Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.第12页12.crimen.1.罪,罪行Ce.g.谋杀罪thecrimeofmurder2.犯罪,违法犯罪活动Ue.g.预防犯罪是警察任务。Itisthejobofthepolicetopreventcrime.3.违反道德行为,罪过Ce.g.浪费食物是一个罪过。Itsacrimetowastefood.criminalkriminln.apersonwhoisguiltyofcrime犯人，罪犯Ce.g.惯犯ahardened(有经验)criminaladj.beingacrime犯罪；犯法e.g.犯罪行为：criminalbehavior第13页13.aslongagoas追溯到，早在作时间状语，说明动作made发生时间，如：e.g.我早在1960年就认识他了。Iknewhimaslongagoastheyear1960.第14页14.Sirn.(atitleusedbeforethefirstnameofaknightorbaronet用于男爵或从男爵名字之前尊称)(baronetbrnitn.从男爵)（knightn.(近代英国)爵士）e.g.詹姆斯威尔逊爵士SirJamesWilson詹姆斯爵士SirJames（不能称SirWilson）第15页15.remarkableadj.(for)worthmentioning,esp.becauseunusualornoticeable(尤褒)值得注意；十分不日常；出众Opposite:unremarkablee.g.(1)他是一位出色语言学家。Heisaremarkablelinguist.(2)非常壮观日落（景象）amostremarkablesunset(3)芬兰以它众多湖泊著称。Finlandisremarkableforthelargenumberofitslakes.adv.remarkably(usedesp.withadjectivesandadverbs尤与形容词和副词连用)不寻常地；突出地e.g.(1)他唱得尤其好。Hesingsremarkablywell.(2)尤其晴朗一天。aremarkablyfinedayremarkv.tosayesp.sththatonehasjustnoticed;giveasanopinion谈到；说起e.g.他说天色不早了。Heremarkedthatitwasgettinglate.remarkon/uponsth.(fml)tonoticeandsayorwritesthabout(正式)评论；谈论e.g.人人对他缺席都评论了一番。Everyoneremarkedonhisabsence.remarkn.c,(about,on)aspokenorwrittenopinion;comment评论；意见 e.g.不要对她容貌胡乱品评。Dontmakeruderemarksaboutherappearance.第16页16.bandn.1.agroupofpeopleformedforsomecommonpurposeandoftenwithaleader一伙；一群，一帮，一队e.g.一伙强盗abandofrobbers2.agroupofmusicians,esp.agroupthatplaypopularmusic(尤指演奏流行音乐)乐队，乐团e.g.摇滚乐队arockband第17页17.settlev1.tostarttoliveinaplace定居e.g.他们结婚并在曼彻斯特附近定居。TheygotmarriedandsettlednearManchester.2.I(with);Ttoend(anargument,esp.inlaw);bring(amatter)toanagreement尤指在法律上处理（争端）；使（事情）得到处理：e.g.他们友好地处理了他们争端分歧。Theysettledtheirquarrel/differencesinafriendlyway.3.toplace(someoneoroneself)soastobecomfortable使（某人或自己）舒适地处于，把安置于；安置于：e.g.(1)他安坐在椅子上闭目养神。Hesettledbackinhischairandclosedhiseyes.(2)她把小孩放在沙发上。Shesettledthechildonthesofa.settledownv.1.(settlesb.down)to(causeto)sitcomfortably(使)舒适地坐下e.g.她拿着一本书和一杯茶舒适地在椅子上坐下来。Shesettled(herself)downinachairwithabookandacupoftea.2.toestablishahomeandliveaquietlife.安置下来，过安定生活e.g他想结婚过安定日子。Hewantstogetmarriedandsettledown.3.Itobecomeusedtoawayoflife,job,etc.习惯于某种生活方式或职业等e.g.他很快就习惯了新学校。Hesoonsettleddowninhisnewschool.4.I(to)tostartgivingonesseriousorwholeattentiontoajob,activity,etc.开始专心于 （某项工作、活动等）；认真地着手去做（某事）e.g.我必须安下心来做家庭作业。Imustsettledownanddomyhomework.第18页18.makeanameforoneself使自己成名，多用于口语中。e.g.你要在舞台上出人头地极难，那儿竞争太激烈了。Itsdifficulttomakeanameforyourselfonthestage,wherethecompetitionissofierce.第19页19.cametobeknown渐渐被知晓/称作come/get+动词不定式结构表示一个情况改变过程，表示出“逐步”含义。在汉语译文中，有时并不一定译出来，如：e.g.(1)总有一天她会为她今日所作所为而感到惭愧。Shewillcometobeashamedofwhatshehasdonetoday.(2)他们对这一问题逐步有了较深了解。Soontheyregettingtohaveabetterunderstandingoftheproblem.第20页Beknowntosb.为某人所知当to后为“某地”时，则表示“文明于某地”之意，如：e.g.(1)你邻居是警察熟悉人物，所以你最好对他留神点。Yourneighboursknowntothepolice,soyoudbetterkeepaneyeonhim.(2)这家人在这一地域很知名。Thefamilyisquiteknowntothearea.Beknownas/beknownfor都可用来表示“以而知名”但它们在含义和使用方法上有所不一样。beknownas后介词宾语与主语为同位语成份beknownfor后介词宾语则为主语所属内容(1)当主语为表示人名词时，beknownas表示“以某种身份而知名”而beknownfor则表示“以某种技能、作品或特征等而知名”，比较：e.g.爱迪生以一位伟大创造家而著称。Edisonwasknownasagreatinventor.爱迪生以其创造天赋而闻名。Edisonwasknownforhisinventivetalent.(2)当主语为表示地点名词时，beknownas表示“以产地或地方而知名”beknownfor则表示“以特产而知名”，比较e.g.这个地域是以绿茶产地而知名。Theareaisknownasagreenteaproducingregion.这个地域以其绿茶而闻名。Theareaisknownforitsgreentea.(3)当主语为事物名词时，beknownas表示“以形式而知名”beknownfor 则表示“以内容、特征、价值等而为人所知”e.g.这本书作为参考用书使用。Thisbookisknownasareferencebook.这本书以其实用性而为人所知。Thisbookisknownforitspracticalusage.第21页20.beatwarwith与处于战争状态21.hirev.1.(esp.BrE)togettheuseof(something)foraspecialoccasionoralimitedtimeonpaymentofasumofmoney尤英租用e.g.我们在意大利时租了一辆汽车用了一个星期。WehiredacarforaweekwhenwewereinItaly.2.a.toemploy(someone)forashorttimeorforaparticularpurpose为某一目标短期雇佣(某人)e.g.雇佣杀手ahiredkillerb.(esp.AmE)toemployorappointtoajob尤美雇人做某事，聘用hiresth./sb.outv.(to)1.togivetheuseof(sth.)forpayment出租e.g.他把车租给了邻居。Hehiredouthiscartohisneighbour.2.togivetheuseof(oneselforonesservices)forpayment受雇e.g.收割季节出卖劳动力农场劳工farmlabourerswhohirethemselvesoutfortheharvesthiren.u1.(esp.BrE)theactofhiringorstateofbeinghired尤英租用，雇用；出租，受雇2.paymentforthis租金；工钱第22页22.demandv.1.toaskforfirmlyandnotbewillingtoacceptarefusal;claimasifbyright要求；强求e.g.(1)我要求（向我）道歉！Idemandanappology!(2)她要求跟经理谈话。Shedemandedtospeaktothemanager.2.toneedurgently急需e.g.这件工作急需你马上处理。Thisworkdemandsyourimmediateattention.3.(of)toneed(effort,hardwork,etc.)inordertobesuccessful;require需要，要求(努力、勤奋等)e.g.他工作要求个人做出许多牺牲。Hisworkdemandsmanypersonalsacrifices.n.demand1.c,(for)anactofdemanding;claim要求；请求e.g.这个工作要花我很多时间。Thisworkmakesgreatdemandsonmytime.(=takesupalotofmytime)2.(for)需要；需求；销路 e.g.她书当前销路很好。Herbooksareingreatdemandatthemoment.第23页23.marchv.1.Itowalkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier(齐步)前进，行进e.g.(1)士兵们沿着大路齐步前进。Thesoldiersmarchedalongtheroad2)她气急了，大步走出去。Shewasveryangryandmarchedout.2.Ttocover(adistance)bymarching走过，经过e.g.日落时我们已经走了20英里。Wedmarched20milesbysunset.marchn.1.c;u(anactof)marching行进，行军e.g.我们部队在行军中。Ourarmiesareonthemarch.2.c一段时间进行旅程e.g.我们离目标地有一天行程。Ourdestinationisadaysmarchaway.3.c游行，示威e.g.群众和平游行apeacemarch第24页24.offerv.1)vt.给予；提供e.g.(1)晚会上不提供含酒精饮料。Noalcoholwasofferedattheparty.(2)他们出价1000美元要买他马。Theyofferedhim$1000forhishorse.2)vt.表示愿意，提议：（+todo）表示愿意（做某事）e.g.(1)我愿意回答他们可能提出任何问题。Iofferedtoansweranyquestionstheymighthave.(2)她表示愿意开车送我去车站。Sheofferedtodrivemetothestation.3)n.提供（物），提议：e.g.(1)他接收了我提议。Heacceptedmyoffer.(2)我主动提出给他吃和喝。Imadehimanofferoffoodanddrink.第25页25.funeraln.aceremony,usuallyreligious,ofburyingorburningadeadperson.普通为宗教葬礼，丧礼；追悼仪式：e.g.那位老妇人葬礼在当地教堂举行。Theoldladysfuneralwasheldatthelocalchurch.第26页26.dedicatev.T1.togivetoaholypurpose,oftenwithasolemnceremony(为一神圣目标而)供奉；贡献 e.g.新教堂贡献仪式将在星期日举行。ThenewchurchwillbededicatedonSunday.dedicatesb./sth.to(prep.)sb./sth.v.Ttogivecompletelyto(aparticularcause,purpose,oraction);devoteto致力于，献身于e.g.(1)杰克为英语教学贡献了他一生。Jackdedicatedhislife/himselftoEnglishteaching.(2)这座纪念碑为纪念为国捐躯者而建造。Themonumentisdedicatedtothememoryofthosewhodiedinthedefenceofthecountry.2.todeclare(abook,performance,etc.)tobeinhonourof(aperson)把（作品等）献给（某人）e.g.他把自己第一部著作献给母亲。Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.n.dedication1.c;utheactofdedicating贡献；献身2.c;u献身精神adj.dedicatedadj.(to)(esp.ofpeople)veryinterestedinorworkingveryhardforanidea,purpose,etc.(尤指人)忠诚，热忱；一心一意e.g.(1)她对工作专心致志。Shesverydedicatedtoherwork.(2)一名富于献身精神医生adedicateddoctor第27页27.valiant(alsovalorous)adj.esp.(fmlorlit)verybrave,esp.inwar;heroic(尤指在战争中)英勇，勇敢e.g.英勇抵抗valiantresistanceadv.valiantly第28页28.notableadj.(for)deservingtobenoticedorgivenattention;importantorexcellent;outstanding值得注意；显著；显要；著名e.g.(1)主要事件notableevents(2)显著改进anotableimprovement(3)这个地域以其宜人气候著称。Theareaisnotableforitspleasantclimate.notablen.usuallypl.afamousorimportantperson.著名人士；显要人物notablyadv.1.especially;particularly格外地；尤其地e.g.许多会员缺席，尤其是连副主席也没有到。Manymemberswereabsent,notablythevice-chairman.2.noticeably显著地；引人注目地 e.g.显著增加销售额notablyhighersales第29页29.asortof类似人物/东西e.g.能听到隔壁房间有类似咳嗽声音。Asortofcoughingnoisecouldbeheardinthenextroom.asortof(adj.)afaint,unexplained,orunusualkindof难以说得清，某种：e.g.我有某种感觉你会那样说。Ihadasortof(a)feelingyoudsaythat.asortofhero某种英雄第30页30.Signorn.(usedasatitleforanItalianspeakingman用来称呼讲意大利语男人)阁下，先生，君Signoran.(usedasatitleforamarriedItalian-speakingwoman用来称呼讲意大利语已婚女人)夫人，太太Signorinan.(usedasatitleforanunmarriedItalian-speakinggirl用来称呼讲意大利语未婚女子)小姐第31页1,There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for protection.pay large sums of money to sb.向某人付大笔大笔费用1)in return for 目标是为了换取.作为对.回报e.g.He gave me some books in return for my help.2)there was a time when 曾有一个时期，when引导状语从句修饰 timee.g.曾有一个时期，迷你裙很流行。There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.第32页2,If the money was not paid promptly,the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.1)promptly:immediately 马上2)put a man out of business:使某人失业 put sb./sth.out of.使某人失去.e.g.You are putting me out of patience.你使我失去了耐心。e.g.You have already put everything out of order.你把一切弄得乱七八糟。3)by destroying his shop 经过.伎俩e.g.You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.你快把我弄得失去耐心了，假如再这么打搅话。第33页3As long ago as the fourteenth century,an Englishman,Sir John Hawkwood,made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.1)as long ago as 追溯回到同义词组：date back to/date frome.g.I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.我1980年就认识简了。2)make the remarkable discovery 做出不一样寻常发觉;意思是：John hawkwoods discovery was quite remarkable.3)woulde rather do sth.than do sth.(详见难点)e.g.I would rather play tennis than swim.我喜欢打网球胜过游泳。第34页4)life work 一生事业e.g.一生积蓄：life savings5)have sth.done（1）东西被破坏等不好事情发生e.g.have sth.stolenbrokentaken 东西被偷被毁被拿走2）请人做某事（不是自己做）e.g.The Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted.请人画画（文中句子，注意区分这两个have sth.done不一样意思）e.g.I want to have the tree cut down.第35页4,He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.make a name for himself 意思是：become famouse.g.They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.1)come to/get to do 渐渐地（做成某事）come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知e.g.I come to be known to my students.e.g.I got to know him.第36页5,In times of peace,when business was bad,Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and,after burning down a few farms,would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.1)in times of peace 在和平期间 in times of在期间 2)march into 大踏步行军到 3)burn down烧毁/burn up烧光/burn out 烧空e.g.The house was burned out only walls left.房子被烧只剩下墙了。offer to do 提出第37页6,In spite of this,the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.1)in spite of this 尽管如此2)regard sb.as 认为某人是.3)a sort of 某类第38页7,When he died at the age of eighty,the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of the most valiant soldier and most notable leader,Signor Giovanni Haukodue.1)give sb.a state funeral 给某人举行国葬2)be dedicated to the memory of sb.3)valiant(勇敢),notable(著名)，最高级形式为：most valiant，most notable4)Signor（意大利语）先生第39页Special difficulties表示“宁可，宁愿”词组和句型1，would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿而不 e.g.He would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。第40页2,同义词组有：(1)would prefer to do sth.than do sth.(2)would prefer doing sth.to doing sth.e.g.He would prefer to die than surrender.e.g.He would prefer dying to surrendering.第41页3,would ratherwould sooner+that宾语从句(过去式),这个句子用是虚拟语气，表示与现实相反意愿。e.g.我宁愿你不在这儿。(暗示你在这儿)I would rather that you were not here.e.g.我宁愿没见到你。（暗示见到你了）I would rather that I didnt see you.第42页