四大名词性从句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Grammar Shirley第1页What kind of noun clauses are they?1.What it was to become was a mystery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句brainstorming(2m)第2页名词性从句名词性从句相当于一个名词作用从句称作名词性从句，名词性相当于一个名词作用从句称作名词性从句，名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：如：1.What it was to become was a mystery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.第3页noun clausessubjective clause主语从句主语从句objective clause宾语从句宾语从句predicative clause表语从句表语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句第4页主语从句：主语从句：做主语用名词性从句，引导主语从句有连词做主语用名词性从句，引导主语从句有连词that，whether，连接代词连接代词who，what，which，连接连接副词副词when，where，how，why等。等。位置：位置：1)位于句首位于句首 2)位于句尾，使用位于句尾，使用it做形式主语，而把主从放做形式主语，而把主从放在句末在句末(注意：形式主语只能用注意：形式主语只能用it,不能使用不能使用thisthat)惯用下面几个句型：惯用下面几个句型：1）It+be+表语表语 （n./adj./done.）+that从句从句It is a fact(a shame/pity/good news/impossible/likely)that/whetherIts a pity that you have to go so soon.It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.第5页2）It+vi.+that从句从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)that It seemed certain that he would win the prize.It happens that they were absent.3)It+be done+that从句从句It is known/said/hoped/believedIt has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A.this B.that C.he D.it第6页连接词：连接词：1）区分区分 that 与与 whether(if)that 引导主从只起引导作用，无实际意义，在主引导主从只起引导作用，无实际意义，在主从中不充当任何成份，从中不充当任何成份，但不能省略但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.whether(if)尽管不充当句子成份尽管不充当句子成份,但有但有”是否是否”意意思思,可加上可加上”or not”,语意不变语意不变.但但whether和和if也有不一样使用方法也有不一样使用方法,如放在句首引导主从如放在句首引导主从,只只能用能用whether.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.第7页e.g._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from on aspect.A.What B.That C.This D.Which_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where第8页It It It It 作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和作形式主语和itititit引导强调句比较引导强调句比较引导强调句比较引导强调句比较 It作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句子结构句子结构，主语从句连接词没有改变。，主语从句连接词没有改变。而而it引引导导强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调，不不论论强强调调是是什什么么成成份份，都都可可用用连连词词that。被被强调部分指人时也可用强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。比如：比如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.第9页连接代词连接代词who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how这类连接词这类连接词,除了引导主从外除了引导主从外,在从句中还分在从句中还分别起别起pron/adv./adj.作用作用,在从句中分别做主语在从句中分别做主语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语 What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.高考题高考题:_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What B.That C.How D.WhereI read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which第10页3)whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等连接词与等连接词与what等连接词等连接词使用方法一样使用方法一样,只是含有较强语意只是含有较强语意,”凡是凡是,不论不论,不论不论”,引导主语从句普通不后置。引导主语从句普通不后置。引导主语从句普通不后置。引导主语从句普通不后置。Whatever he said wasnt true.Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it.=Anyone who guesses=The person who guessesHowever _ he couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer teenagers showed interest in traditional festivals.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that第11页宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语名名词词性性从从句句，通通常常放放在主句谓语动词在主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。做动词宾语做动词宾语1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：He doesnt know where the post office is.2)引导宾语从句连接词普通都能够省去引导宾语从句连接词普通都能够省去.不过当及物不过当及物动词后跟两个或两个以上宾语从句是动词后跟两个或两个以上宾语从句是,只有第一个只有第一个that能够省略能够省略.The teacher said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 The Object Clause第12页3)假如后有宾语补足语，则要使用形式宾语假如后有宾语补足语，则要使用形式宾语 it 而将而将从句放到补足语后面；从句放到补足语后面；I thought it strange that he failed to call meHe doesnt want it to be known that he is going aboard.4)在在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后等动词之后宾语从句中，要注意否定前移宾语从句中，要注意否定前移;I dont think you are right5)在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用等后，可用so代替一个必定宾语从句，还可用代替一个必定宾语从句，还可用not代替一个代替一个否定宾语从句：否定宾语从句：一一Do you believe it will clear up?一一I believe so./I dont believe so./I believe not.第13页6)“doubt”后接宾从后接宾从,必定句时由必定句时由whether/if引导引导,否定句或疑问句由否定句或疑问句由that引导引导 I whether/if he will come.I dont that he will come.Do you that he will come?7)whether和和if 都可引导动词之后宾从都可引导动词之后宾从,二者二者可交换可交换.但在正式文体中但在正式文体中,从句有从句有or not时时,只用只用whether,不用不用if.I wonder if/whether it is right.I dont care whether you like him or not.第14页做介词宾语做介词宾语Did she say anything about how we should do the work?1)作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that极少在介词后面引导宾从，极少在介词后面引导宾从，只有在只有在except,but,besides,in等少数介词后等少数介词后才用才用;Your article is all right except that it is too long2)有时在介词和其宾语从句中间加形式宾语有时在介词和其宾语从句中间加形式宾语it;e.g.Ill see to it that everything is ready3)表示表示“是否是否”if不能引导介词宾语从句，而要不能引导介词宾语从句，而要用用whether.e.g.We are talking about whether you should do it.第15页The Predicative Clause表语从句表语从句在从句中作表语从句称作表语从句。在从句中作表语从句称作表语从句。that 引导表语从句引导表语从句that 仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成份，通常仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成份，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语内容起深不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语内容起深入解释作用。入解释作用。e.g.The fact is that one smoker in five will die from smoking.2.whether 引导表语从句引导表语从句连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用，意为意为“是否、终究、是否、终究、到底到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句)在句中也在句中也不作任何成份。不作任何成份。e.g.The question is whether the man will turn up in time.第16页3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导表引导表语从句语从句连接代词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各词义。从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各词义。e.g.Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.第17页4.where,when,why,how引导表语从句引导表语从句 连接副词连接副词where,when,why,how在句中通在句中通常没有疑问意义，而是在句中起连接作用并常没有疑问意义，而是在句中起连接作用并分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式。分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式。e.g.Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.第18页5.其它连词其它连词as if,because,as,as though 引引导表语从句导表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。结构中。as if/though引导表语从句常置于连系动词引导表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，等后面，惯用虚拟语气，表示不存在动作或状态。惯用虚拟语气，表示不存在动作或状态。e.g.My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.第19页 同位语从句同位语从句 1.概念概念:在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。2.功效功效:同位语从句跟在一个同位语从句跟在一个n.后，对其深入后，对其深入解释，说明名词详细内容。解释，说明名词详细内容。第20页3.使用方法使用方法:常跟抽象名词有常跟抽象名词有:fact/feeling/idea/reason/thought/truth/order/suggestion/doubt/news/word/possibility/promise/hope/belief e.g.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.I have no idea when he will be back.4.连词连词 that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how同位语从句与先行词有时也能够分开。同位语从句与先行词有时也能够分开。e.g.Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.第21页同位语从句与定语从句区分同位语从句与定语从句区分:1.同位语从句先行词极为有限，而定语从句先行词则不计其数，能够是名词,代词,主句一部分或是整个主句。2.引导词a.有些引导词如how,whether,what 能够引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。e.g.That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)第22页 b.that在同从中仅起连接作用在同从中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成份不充当任何成份,而且而且不能省略不能省略,也不能用也不能用which来代替来代替.而引导定从而引导定从that在在从句中普通作主语或宾语从句中普通作主语或宾语(指物时还能够用指物时还能够用which代代替替),而且作宾语时经常省略。而且作宾语时经常省略。e.g.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.(同位语从句同位语从句,是对是对order详细解释详细解释,that不作成份不作成份,但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别几个小组我们昨天收到命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别几个小组(定语从句定语从句,是名词是名词order修饰语修饰语,that在从句中作在从句中作received宾语宾语,能够省略能够省略)第23页c.引导同位语从句引导同位语从句wh-词，多含有疑问意义，词，多含有疑问意义，而引导定语从句而引导定语从句wh-词没有疑问意义。词没有疑问意义。e.g.I have no idea where he has gone.This is the school where I studied.第24页3.3.性质上区分性质上区分 同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词深入说明和解释同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词深入说明和解释,属于名词性从句范围属于名词性从句范围;而定语从句是从句对其先行而定语从句是从句对其先行词修饰或限制词修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句范围属于形容词性从句范围.The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛消息是真。我们队赢了那场比赛消息是真。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消息到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我那个消息是真。昨天他告诉我那个消息是真。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中作在从句中作told宾语宾语)第25页1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(广东省卷)A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 高考链接【试析】【试析】这个句子是一个由这个句子是一个由and连接并列句。连接并列句。And后是一后是一个含有主语从句结构，其主句部分是个含有主语从句结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter,主语从句则是主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在主语从句而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who.Who既是一个引导词，既是一个引导词，也在也在it is中作表语中作表语.假如再细一点，说假如再细一点，说who是是(talking)to介词宾语也能够。介词宾语也能够。第26页2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.(上海上海)A.that B.when C.what D.how 【试析】【试析】主语从句中缺乏做主语成份，故选主语从句中缺乏做主语成份，故选C.第27页3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities.（上（上海春季）海春季）A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because【试析】【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成份导作用，不作任何成份.第28页4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants.(上海春季上海春季)A.what B.which C.when D.that 【试析】【试析】这是一个宾语从句这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺乏宾语后面缺乏宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语是一句谚语,意意思是思是永远给予他人他确实想要东西永远给予他人他确实想要东西。故答案为。故答案为A。第29页5.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.(北京春季北京春季)A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 【试析】【试析】这是由这是由what 引导一个表语从句，在从句中充当引导一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话意思为：那是使我感到兴奋事。故答案为主语，这句话意思为：那是使我感到兴奋事。故答案为A。第30页