英语被动句的翻译省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

PRACTICALTRANSLATION被动句翻译被动句翻译小组组员小组组员：第1页被动句翻译被动句翻译1、按原句式翻译2、译成主动句3、译成判断句4、It+be+past participle+that 引导从句翻译5、一些表示被动含义句型翻译第2页1，按原句式翻译，按原句式翻译1，英语被动句是由“助动词be+过去分词”组成，在译成汉语时，能够用“被”、“受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、“由”、“把”、“为.所”、“加以”、“给予”等词来表示。比如：（1）He was captivated by her figure,her blue eyes.译文：他被她身材、她蓝眼睛迷住了。（2）The optimists believe defeat is not their fault:circumstancees,bad luck,or other people brought it about.Such people are not bothered by defeat.译文：乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们错，环境、运气不佳或其它人都可能造成自己失败。这些人从不为失败所困扰。第3页2,译成主动句译成主动句英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句子更符合汉语习惯英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句子更符合汉语习惯（1）Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems-for example,depression,phticysoiological impairments,and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties-that sometimes last a lifetime.译文：大家已经知道，得不到爱婴儿和儿童会有各种各样问题，比如说忧郁症，头痛，生理缺点，神经病或精神疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。（2）By five years of age,they have been found to have significantly higher IQs and to score higher on languages tests.译文：到了五岁时，人们发觉他们智商和语言测试分数显著（比前一类儿童）高得多。解析：原句是“他们被发觉”，这不太符合汉语习惯因而被译成“人们发觉.”。第4页3，译成判断句，译成判断句有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物状态，过程和性质加以描述，其有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物状态，过程和性质加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。这类句式可翻译成汉字判断句。作用与系表结构类似。这类句式可翻译成汉字判断句。（1）Arranged marriages provide a good example both of how prospective lovers are brought together and how cultural values and practices limit the choice of partners.译文：包办婚姻给我们提供了一个很好例子，告诉我们未来爱人是怎样相识，文化价值观和习俗又是怎样限制了伴侣选择。解析：按照原句意思，how prospective lovers are brought together是“未来爱人是怎样被带到一起”，不过汉字更倾向说“未来爱人是怎样相识”。（2）They are ordered to do this.译文：他们是接到命令这么做。解析：原句是“被命令”，按照汉字习惯，翻译成“接到命令”比很好。第5页4，It+be+pastparticiple+that引导从句翻译引导从句翻译英语中这么句子在汉语中能够译成不带主语或带主语句子英语中这么句子在汉语中能够译成不带主语或带主语句子。A.不带主语（1）It is expected that this project will draw on overseas experience.译文：期望这个项目会利用外国经验。解析：此句译成汉字时省去了主语。（2）It is hoped that as many people as possible can join the volunteers in looking after the aged.译文：希望尽可能多人加入志愿者队伍来照料老人。解析：此句译成汉字时也省略了主语。第6页4，It+be+pastparticiple+that引导从句翻译引导从句翻译英语中这么句子在汉语中能够译成不带主语或带主语句子。英语中这么句子在汉语中能够译成不带主语或带主语句子。B,带主语。（1）It is well known that the number of people has been increasing.译文：众所周知，人口数量一直在增加。（2）It is understood that reasonable safety rules of the employer shall be complied with by all employees.译文：大家都明白全部员工都应该恪守合理员工安全条例。解析：英语句子没有主语，不过翻成汉字不带主语就比较别扭，加了泛指“大家”就合乎汉字习惯了。第7页5，一些表示被动含义句型翻译，一些表示被动含义句型翻译（1）The house neeeded painting.译文：房子需要油漆一下了。解析：英语句子即使看上去是主动语态，含义却是被动，翻译成汉字通常也用主动形式。（2）The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.译文：是否雇佣更多员工还在研究中。第8页补充补充1：译为无主句，主语译成宾语：译为无主句，主语译成宾语在不知道或者无须说出行为主体时，经常能够发挥汉语译文优势，把英语被动语在不知道或者无须说出行为主体时，经常能够发挥汉语译文优势，把英语被动语态译成汉语无主句。这时，原文主语译为动词宾语。态译成汉语无主句。这时，原文主语译为动词宾语。（1）To develop economy,different kinds of talented people should be organized.People of real ability should be especially promoted and given raise.译文：要发展经济应该组织使用各种各样人才。对那些真正有本事人，在工资级别上能够破格提升。（2）For example,a computer was once used to design a brewery.译文：比如：曾经利用一台计算机来设计一间啤酒厂。第9页补充补充2：主语谓语合译：主语谓语合译英语一些动词成语含有名词，如英语一些动词成语含有名词，如makeuseof,panattentionto,takecareof,makereferenceto,takeaccountof等等，变成被动语态时成了名词作主语特殊被动语态。等等，变成被动语态时成了名词作主语特殊被动语态。汉译时候，能够把主语和谓语合起来翻译，译成汉语无主句谓语。汉译时候，能够把主语和谓语合起来翻译，译成汉语无主句谓语。（1）：Care should be taken at all times to protect the computers and other instruments in the lab from dust and damp.译文：要一直注意保护试验室中电脑和其它仪器,勿使其沾上灰尘,勿使其受潮。（2）：Use can be made of these materials to write a report on the delegations visit to South Africa.译文：能够利用这些资料写一份该代表团访问南非汇报。第10页TranslationPracticeParagraphOneMuch research shows that the quality of care（infants receive）affects how they later get along with friends,how well they do in school,how they react to new and possibiy stressful situations,and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults.许多研究表明婴儿取得关爱质量会影响他们以后怎样与朋友相处，在学校怎样表现，怎样应对陌生或可能充满压力情况以及他们成年后怎样建立而且维系亲密关系。It is for these reasons that peoples early intimate relationships（within their family of orign）are so critical.正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭组员之间早期亲密关系才会如此主要。Children who are raised in impersonal environments(orphanages,some foster homes,or unloving families)show emotional and social underdevelopment,language and motor skills retardation,and mental health problems.在人情冷淡环境中长大孩子，比如孤儿院，一些寄养家庭或缺爱家庭长大孩子会出现情感和社会发展滞后，语言和行为能力迟缓以及精神健康问题。第11页视频播放视频播放第12页DiscussionBe interviewed for a documentary about Mr.spock,or as I like to call it,a spockumentary.在史波克先生纪录片中接收访问或者我更爱称之为是“史”记。Yeah,Im going to use that joke in the interview,so try to laugh like youre hearing it for the first time.我会在纪录片里讲这个哎，你看时尽可能像第一次听到那样笑出来哦。And with a tinge of sadness that Im no longer in your life.不过又带有一点我已不在身边悲伤。Im the one who thought of aspockumentary，and Im laughing like I did the first time I heard it.我才是想出这个名字人，而我正像第一次听到那样笑着呢。第13页ParagraphTwoWhat attracts individuals to each other in the first place?人们第一印象是靠什么相互吸引？Many people believe that“theres one person out there that one is meant for”and that destiny will bring them together.许多人相信：总有一个人在那儿，而那个人是命中注定。而且命运会将他们带到一起。Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic.这么想法很浪漫却不现实。Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values,not fate bring people together.实证研究表明是文化标准和价值观而非命运将人们带到一起。We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are“filtered out”by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age,race,distance,social class,religion,sexual orientation,health,or physical appearance.我们可能会错过无数潜在爱人，因为他们被正式或非正式挑选理想爱人准则筛选出局,这些准则包含年纪、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性取向、健康情况或外貌。第14页感激小组组员努力感激小组组员努力Thank you第15页