英语专业四级考前快速复习及难点解析.pdf

英语专业四级考前快速复习语法词汇集体名词作主语主谓一致1）通常作复数的集体名词集体名词,如:police,people,cattle,militia,poultry 通常作复 数，用复数动词。如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hides.2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词有 些集体 名词，如 foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如 audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc.of+复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of/a panel of/a board of+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,worn-out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某 事而失去兴趣。Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在 公共汽车上睡着了。fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳 累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。He felt fatigued and didnt want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的 事而引起疲倦。After a long and weary wait,the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去 Toworn out这个词不太正式，多用于口语。The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后，部队疲惫 不堪。全真模拟试题1.Although Spanish,he attended the course.A.he was knowing B.he is knowingC.having a knowledge of D.knows2.You that letter to James.However,you didnt.A.ought to writeB.ought to have writtenC.should write D.should be writing3.Joseph was very lucky with his life;he almost did not get out of the room.A.to escape B.to have escapedC.to escaping D.to be escaping4.Bread and butter liked by Westerners.A.is B.are C.were D.be5.The back garden of our house contains a lawn,very pleasant to sit on in summer.A.which is B.which it is C.it is D.where it is6.He set up in business his own and was very successful.A.in B.of C.on D.by7.Johns score on the test is the highest in the class;he last night.A.must study B.should have studiedC.must have studied D.is sure to study8.Frank almost never received any education,?A.would he B.did heC.didnt he D.wouldnt he9.Even if his letter tomorrow,it too late to do anything.A.will arrive.is B.should arrive.wereC.arrives.will be D.arrives.would be10.We can hear from the back of the room.A.just as good B.just as easyC.just as well D.easily as well11.To obtain a satisfactory result,one must apply two of paint on a clean surface.A.coats B.levels C.times D.courses12.The small mountain village was by the snow for more than one month.A.cut back B.cut outC.cut off D.cut away13.Miss Green was$100 for driving after drinking.A.fined B.charged C.punished D.posed14.Modemperhaps causes more problems than itsolves.A.technique B.technologyC.tactics D.tendency15.Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it when she was trying to go to sleep.A.sounding B.ringing C.ticking D.humming16.Under this pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A.intensive B.weighty C.intense D.bulky17.Of course,most immigrants did not get rich overnight,but the of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A.maximum B.minority C.majority D.minimum18.Nancy was surprised that they have .They seemed to be a happy couple.A.split up B.broken downC.fallen through D.knocked out19.The beach is in an ideal to draw tourists.A.condition B.situation C.state D.publicity20.Our sensitivity decreases with age.By age60,most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A.sensible B.senselessC.sensitive D.sensory21.The eldest child is thoroughly because they always give him whatever he wants.A.wasted B.spoiledC.destroyed D.uneducated22.If a substance is dissolved in water or a gas.A.give into B.give overC.give off D.give away23.His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at him at once.A.peace B.large C.ease D.best24.Can you take the day off tomorrow?Well,Til have to get from my boss.heated,it may_ withA.permission B.permitC.allowance D.possession25.The in Janefs character has hindered her from advancement in her career.A.weakness B.meritC.defect D.shortcoming您的得分率为：/25试题答案与解析1.C）【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课 程的学习。【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中 又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)2.B）【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。3.B）【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出 来。【难点】to have escaped是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动 作业已完成。4.A）【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。【难点】bread and butter是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字,表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。5.A）【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你 心旷神怡。【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和siton构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in这句中live in和this room构成动宾关系。6.C）【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。【难点】on one飞own是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”;of one飞 own表示“某人自己的（东西）”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己 有套房子。7.C）【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习 To【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done 这一句型结构。8.B）【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是？【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由 于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。9.C）【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时,主句中使用将来时。10.C）【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。【难点】as well意为“（程度）同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词 hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好11.A）【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表 面上涂两层油漆。【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“（建筑物）楼层”;times 意为“次，回”;courses意为（一层）石专面；一排12.C）【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。【难点】cutback意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止;切下”;cut off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。13.A）【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。【难点】flne意为“处.以罚金”;charge意为“要（价），收（费），要（人）支付（钱）“；punish意为“罚,惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起（困难）14.B）【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。【难点】technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工 业技术“；tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。15.C）【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在 自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。【难点】sound意为“作声,发声，响”;ring意为“鸣,发出清脆响 亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音（如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声广。16.C）【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。【难点】intensive意为“加强的;集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的;笨重的tintense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮 的17.C）【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是 他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数,半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低 点”。18.A）【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎 是一对快乐的夫妇。【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为（精神方面）垮掉；（健康）变得衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡 影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。19.B）【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意,名声”。20.D）【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说,到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味 觉能力。【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知 觉的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的,传递感觉的”。21.B）【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他 们就给什么。【难点】waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏,溺 爱”;destroy意为“破坏；毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受（良好）教育 的”。22.C）【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放 出一种气体。【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付,交托”;giveoff意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发（奖品）等”。23.C）【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。【难点at peace意为和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多24.A）【句意】你明天能休一天吗？呵，我要征得老板的允许。【难点】permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance 意为“津贴“；possession意为“拥有”。25.C）【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。【难点】weakness意为“弱点;嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect 意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。Test Two关于used to的意义和用法used to（只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式）表示过去习惯动作或 状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：He used to smoke a lot,but he has long given up smoking.在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didnt use to或usedn to均可:He didnt use to smoke cigarettes.He usednt to smoke cigarettes.Didnt Maria use to be interested in the theatre?Usednt Maria to be interested in the theatre?在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式:Used you to go to the same school as Edward?Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?近义词辨析use,apply,avail,employ,utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。use强调利用人或物作为工具。He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他 为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。Apply指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实 践。avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服 务。I dont think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多 大用处。We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们禾U用 一切机会讲英语。employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。He doesnt know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎 么利用他的精力和时间。utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或 物有新用途。She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发 挥她的艺术才能。全真模拟试题1.My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room,for the first man I met asked sympathetically:Are you feeling all right?”A.must be B.must have been C.had been D.had to be2.It is only when you nearly lose someone fully conscious of how much you value him.A.do you become B.then you becomeC.that you become D.have you become3.Just as the soil is a part of the earth,the atmosphere.A.as it is B.so is C.the same as D.and so is4.While driving along the treacherous road,A.my right rear tyre blew outB.my right rear tyre had a blowoutC.I had a blownout on my right rear tyreD.I had my right rear tyre blowout5.Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference.A.is to be analyzed B.has been analyzedC.be analyzed D.should have been analyzed6.there is little we can do to modify the weather,we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.A.Since B.When C.While D.Unless7.This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.A.rather than B.rather C.than D.other than8.But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them suffering and poverty.A.anything but B.nothing butC.none other than D.no more than9.After seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to step into the doctors office.A.it B.that C.what D.which10.The board deemed its urgent that these files right away.A.had to be printed B.should have been printedC.must be printed D.should be printed11.His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any of it at all.A.explanation B.meaning C.sense D.interpretation12.You should have your eyes tested every year in case the of your spectacles need changing.A.lenses B.glasses C.sights D.crystals13.The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be with the students and their parents.A.recognized B.popular C.favorable D.fascinated14.By cutting down trees we the natural home of birds and animals.A.harm B.hurt C.injure D.damage15.Mr.Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a if approached with enthusiasm.A.prize B.reward C.refund D.bonus16.The trade unions in this industry are any reduction in wages.A.objecting against B.opposed toC.reacted to D.resisting against17.She was teaching me you would teach a younger child to speak the language.A.the way B.in the way C.a way D.to the way18.The Brownings have not yet and I doubt whether they will come.A turned in B.turned out C.turned up D.turned to19.We went on a(n)to the mountain yesterday.A.excursion B.trip C.tour D.travel20.When Sarah and Ion an article for the schoolnewspaper,we found it difficult to work together.A.compiled B.gatheredC.collaborated D.collected21.Beth could her coat because it had large red buttons.A.recognize B.prove C.define D.claim22.Postal are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed.A.taxes B.payment C.fees D.premium23.My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing .A.help B.aid C.support D.tool24.On New Years Eve,there will be a fireworkPeoples Square.atA.display B.performance C.show D.exhibition25.The of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high.A.consumption B.use C.drink D.absorption您的得分率为：/25试题答案与解析1.B）【句意】我刚一走进房间时一定表现得很痛苦，因为我遇 到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情 的主观推测，常译成”一定是2.C）【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，你才充分意识到他 对你是多么重要。【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即Itisthat。3.B）【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。【难点】Just as，so为一固定结构，意为“正如，也”。4.C）【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰时，车的右后胎爆 To【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中,由while,when等引导的时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的 主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短语。驾车的 应该是人，所以只能从C）和D）选，而D）的意义不符，所以选 C）o5.C）【句意】杰恩瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒的贡献是他坚持认 为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行 研究。【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接 同位语从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动 词原形或动词原形。6.C）【句意】尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少 知道天气未来的变化。【难点】while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管,虽然该句中其它选项不具备此意。7.C）【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任 何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。【难点】选项C）的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比 都”，故为答案。8.B）【句意】但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连年不断的战争给他 们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。【难点】nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过“；anything but意为“除.以夕卜的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人,正是“；no more是an意为“不过,仅仅9.C）【句意】在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的等候之后，终于轮 到她走进医生的办公室。【难点】在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed（to be）起定语 作用，修饰 an endless waito 又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。10.D）【句意】董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。【难点】urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句 应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。11.C）【句意】他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。【难点】sense意为“意义；含义”，短语make sense of意为”弄懂.的意思”；explanation意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件 的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思；含义”，但不能在make sense of短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，阐 明”，比较正式。12.A）【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜 镜片也许需要更换。【难点】lenses意为“镜片；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视 野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。13.B）【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长 的欢迎。【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的；受表彰的“。favorable意为“赢得赞许 的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接witho fascinated意为“被迷住 的，被弄得神魂颠倒的14.D）【句意】我们砍伐树木的行为损坏了鸟兽的自然家园。【难点】damage意为“加害于损伤.”；harm意为“对.有害”;hurt意为“疼痛，受伤，（精神上）伤害；injure意为“使受伤”，身 体受外力伤害。15.B）【句意】罗宾逊先生知道，如果带着热情去做，最琐碎的 家务也能证明是一种报偿。【难点】reward意为“报答；奖赏“；prize意为“奖金，奖品；refund 意为退款；bonus意为”奖金,红利“。16.B）【句意】该行业工会反对降低工资。【难点】be opposed to意为“反对，对抗；object against不常用；react to意为“作出反应，反应；resist不与against连用。17.A）【句意】她教我那门语言的方式简直就象在教一个小孩说 话。【难点】the way后接从句，意为“以.方式。in the way意为“妨 碍（某人）。a way和to the way不是固定搭配。18.C）【句意】勃朗宁一家人还没露面，我怀疑他们会不会来。【难点】turnup意为“出现，露面”;turn in意为“归还,递交.”；turn out意为“原来是,证明是“；turn to意为“求助于；求教于。19.A）【句意】昨天我们到那座山里进行了一次远足观光。【难点】excursion意为“远足，短途旅行；trip意为“旅游出行；行程”；tour意为“游历；观光；travel意为“（长途）旅行”。20.C）【句意】当我和萨拉为校报合作一篇文章时，我们发现很 难在一起工作。【难点】collaborate意为“合作，合著；compile意为“汇集；编 辑；gather意为“聚会，集会；collect意为“收集；集合”。21.A）【句意】贝丝能认出自己的大衣，因为她的大衣上有红色 的大钮扣。【难点】recognize意为“认出,识别“；prove意为“证明，证实”；define意为“下定义；claim意为“认领；索取”。22.C）【句意】邮资是根据所邮包裹的等级和重量来定的。【难点】fee意为“费（如会费,入场费，手续费等户;tax意为“税,税款；payment意为“支付，付款；premium意为“津贴；酬金”。23.B）【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使用助听器。【难点】aid意为“辅助器具；help意为“帮助”；support意为“支 持；tool意为“工具”。24.A）【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰火表演。【难点】display意为“展示性表演；performance意为“文艺演出;表演”；show意为”展览；展览会；exhibition也是“展览会”，属 销售性质。25.A）【句意】在新西兰，啤酒和白酒的消费量很大。【难点】consumption意为“消费量”;use意为“使用，用途”;drink 意为“饮料”；absorption意为“吸收”。Test Three关于dare的意义和用法作为情态动词表示“胆敢，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问 句。例如：I dare not go there.How dare he say such rude things about me?dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为darent,既可 指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：Tom wanted to come,but he darent.dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如：He does not dare(to)answer.Does she dare(to)go there alone?近义词辨析besides,but,except,except for这组词均含有“除.外的意思。besides 除.外，还有”,指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物 在内。Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的 吗？but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing,not anything,nobody,nowhere,all,anybody 等连用。He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责另 人，只能怪他自己。except不包括所引事物。常与no,none,nothing等否定词或all,everyone,everything等连用，但不可用于句首。They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都 去了颐和园。except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属 理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性 质。The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很 空旷。全真模拟试题1.The bank is reported in the local newspaper broad daylight yesterday.inA.to be robbed B.robbedC.to have been robbed D.having been robbed2.before,his first performance for the amateurdramatic group was a success.A.Though having never actedB.As he had never actedC.Despite he had never actedD.In spite of his never having acte