任务型写作之summary概括写法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY第1页 Summary 这是以来广东高考读写任务新形式和新要求。（1）如有标题，标题中蕴含信息往往是关键。（2）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开，所以许多文章中最显著特点是有一个重复出现中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它便轻易抓住文章中心。第3页How to sum up a passage?1.Recognize the style of the passage so as to choose the pattern to begin your summary.2.Read through the passage as quick as you can and find the key sentences or key words.3.Use your own words to summarize rather than use the original sentences directly copied from the passage.第4页概括写作步骤：概括写作步骤：1.确定主题句。确定主题句。确定阅读文章主题句，普通在段首。没有主题句需要自己组合。2.寻找关键词寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词普通表达为名词、形容词，关键词数目决定了概括信息浓度。3.重构主题句重构主题句。概括主题句逻辑上要统摄后面全部支撑句。能够从作者写作目标逆推，反应写作目标主题句是高度抽象，它基本决定了概括质量。4.重组支撑句。重组支撑句。支撑句意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，能够是补充过程或者提供证据。口诀：口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短连词。细腻：细节和例子）第5页Styles of passagesnarration 记叙文记叙文1argumentation 议论文议论文2exposition 说明文说明文3How to sum up a passage?Step1第6页Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁）Functions（功效）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event,with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point of viewExposition(说明文说明文)introduce something,eg.a phenomenon第7页概括形式：“主题句+支撑句”文体文体 主题句主题句支撑句支撑句议论文文章论点（一句）文章论据（两三句）记叙文故事写作目标/主题（一句）故事大意（两三句）说明文说明对象/观点/现象解释/分述第9页Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Models (议论文概要模板议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板说明文概要模板)第10页点明写作目类：The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of,who/which（故事情节）.作者经历类：In the passage,the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth,which他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(1)记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板第11页夹叙夹议记叙文夹叙夹议记叙文(1)谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student.The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.(2)结果怎样？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.（3）说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第12页1.1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 ，得，得0 0分；分；2.2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称，得 1 1分；分；3.3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序，得文词序，得2 2分；分；4.4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构，最多得还有句子结构，最多得3 3分；分；5.5.结构、用词、词性改变比很好得结构、用词、词性改变比很好得4 4至至5 5分。分。广东高考概括部分评分细则广东高考概括部分评分细则第13页How to find the key sentences or key words?文体文体关键句关键句记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓住抓住who,what happened,及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句How to sum up a passage?Step2第14页The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定时态定时态：假如阅读材料是过去时，那么基：假如阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；假如是现在，那么基本本时态用过去时；假如是现在，那么基本时态用现在时；时态用现在时；(2)定人称定人称：普通情况下采取第三人称来写作，：普通情况下采取第三人称来写作，特殊如书信，可能会使用第一、二人称；特殊如书信，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。：结合相关技巧，重新组句。第15页 写摘要时我们需要谨记下面六种技巧：skill1:省略细节省略细节 Skill2:防止重复防止重复 Skill3:省略例子省略例子 Skill4:用概括性语言而不是准确语言用概括性语言而不是准确语言 Skill5:使用短而精连词，如使用短而精连词，如but,and,besides.Skill6:用间接引语表示对话内容。用间接引语表示对话内容。误区警示：考生往往犯以下错误：主题大意概括不误区警示：考生往往犯以下错误：主题大意概括不清，剽窃原文或表示了自己意见清，剽窃原文或表示了自己意见 这都会大大影这都会大大影响得分。响得分。第16页Task 2：Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.第17页(1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法同义替换法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because第18页(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法正话反说法You will fail.You will _.not succeed第19页(3)Change the part of speech词性转换法词性转换法Patience is very important.Patience is _.of great importance第20页(4)Change the structure of a sentence句式改变法句式改变法语态变换：语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given第21页简单句变复合句：简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more,_ will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise.They will achieve more success.When _,children will achieve more success.which given more praise第22页(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精连词，如注意使用一些短而精连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,instead of 等。等。We should encourage children.We should not scold them.We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead of第23页(6)Change the order of the words.词序改变法词序改变法The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success第24页(7)Omit the details细节约略法细节约略法Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead.Dont scold and give praise instead.第25页(8)Make use of the meaning of a sentence句意了解法句意了解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.第26页Task 3:Write a summaryPassage 1第27页关键词关键词、句、句(1)the writer,an old man,fishing,experience,teach sb.a lesson,(2)The secret of success was patience._had_with _who _.The writer a fishing experiencean old man taught him a lesson词序改变法词序改变法Patience was the secret of success.(2)(1)连词成句连词成句第28页The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson.Patience was the secret of success.句式改变法句式改变法The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson thatpatience was the secret of successThe writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of,who/which（故事（故事情节）情节）.第29页Key for Passage 1:The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man,who taught him a lesson.(35 words)第30页Passage 3:关键词、句关键词、句(1)Internet shopping is a new way of shopping.(2)Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular.(3)People can shop for a variety of things on the Internet.(4)common products,information products,services第31页Key for Passage 3:This article points out the commonphenomenon-Internet shopping,which offers great convenience.People can buy many things on theInternet including common products,information products and evenservices.(30 words)第32页现象揭示类：现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon-（主题（主题),which.（补充解释）（补充解释）.利弊对比类：利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.Awhile B The passage discusses the impact(影响影响)of sth.On the positive side,but it may also.研究显示类：研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露揭露)that The purpose of the report is to show that(2)说明文概要模板说明文概要模板第33页 1.描写某事物性质功效。即“对象+性质功用+好处”In the passage，the writer introduces(对象）to us，especially its(性质或功用），from which we know（对象带来好处)2.针对某个问题提出处理方法或办法，即“问题+处理方法”The passage tells us（问题),including(方法一），.(方法二）and（方法三）第34页(3)议论文概要模议论文概要模板板The article gives the view that should/shouldnt（主题）（主题）.（补充论据）（补充论据）.The passage highlights(强调强调)the importance of sth.The author argues that第35页 注意事项：注意事项：“五定三忌五定三忌”定体裁；定主题；定时态；定体裁；定主题；定时态；定人称；定技巧。定人称；定技巧。忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌不符字数。忌不符字数。第36页第37页(2)If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure,they will learn faster and achieve success at last.Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.句意了解法句意了解法同义替换法同义替换法词性转换法词性转换法细节约略法细节约略法第38页(1)Praise children instead of scolding them.(2)Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.The article gives the view thatwhen educating children,parents should praise and encourage them instead of scolding,which will help children to make progress and succeed.第39页Passage 2:关键句关键句(1)Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead.细节约略法细节约略法Dont scold and give praise instead.词序改变法、连词衔接法词序改变法、连词衔接法Give praise instead of scolding.词性变换法词性变换法Praise children instead of scolding them.第40页