1、第分令自如彼,3所欲 根据自身教学习惯灵活安排C若将语法复习 分插到平时的教学中,则每周突破一个语法项目,周周有任务,周周有计划;若集中豆习语法,如胺此Jii排顺序即可。是分还是合.一切由您掌控。第一周名词分 部语法突破周语法要点精析YUFAYAODIANJINGXI一、名词词义辨析1.形近词的词义辨析co mmand(命令)co mpliment(称赞)sympto m(症状)sample(样本)symbo l像征,符号)co mpariso n(比较)co ntributio n(贡献)similarity(类似)sympathy(同情)system(系统)She was put unde
2、r ho use arrest two years ago but remained a po werf ul symbol in last year s electio n.(2014江苏高考单项)两年前她被软禁在家,但是在去年的选举中她仍是位具有影响力的代表性人物。2.相同词缀的名词辨析 expressio n(表达;表情)satisf actio n(满意)expectatio n(期望)co ntributio n(贡献)acco mmo datio n(住宿)adaptatio n(适应,改编)equipment(设备)assessment(评估,估算)addictio n(入迷)d
3、evo tio n(奉献)attentio n(注意)impressio n(印 象)reputatio n(声誉)civilizatio n(文明)o ccupatio n(职业)appreciatio n(欣赏)arrangement(安排)entertainment(娱乐)applicatio n(申请,应用)appreciatio n(欣赏,感激)My f irst impression o f him was that he was a kind and tho ughtf ul yo ung man.(2012山东高考单项)我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。(2)1
4、disco vered an addiction to ho usewo rk which I had never f elt bef o re.(2015杭州模拟)我发现自己迷上了做家务,之前我从没有这种感觉。她写作的动机是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的渴望。3.意义相近词的辨析mo tivatio n(动机,目的)talent(天赋)anger(生气)regret(后悔)advice(建议)o f f er(提议)idea(主意)Her motivation f o r writing waseducatio n.(2014湖北高考多项)qualif icatio n(资历)techniq
5、ue(技能)rudeness(粗鲁)panic(惊慌)questio n(问题)a desire f o r wo men to get the right to higher4.无一定关联性的名词词义辨析so urce(源泉)result(结果)curio sity(好奇)envy(羡慕)dif f erence(不同,区别)co nnectio n(关联)sense(感觉)ro o t(根源)satisf actio n(满意)patience(耐心)strength(长处)barrier(屏障,障碍)Wind is no w the wo rld s f astest gro wing
6、source o f po wer.(2014天津高考单项)风现在是世界上增长最快的动力源泉。二、名词的固定搭配1.动词 have,take,make,pay,play,put,give 等力口名词构成的短语have a go o d reputatio n have a f eeling o fhave access to有个好名声 有感觉 可以获得take advantage o ftake a turn利用,趁之机转变get relief得到缓解All students have access to the Writing Centre o n the upper f lo o r o
7、f Do uglas Hall.所有学生都能进入在道格拉斯大厅上面的写作中心。2.介词后加名词构成的短语in great demandin pro gress需求量很大在进行中o ut o f to uch与无联系 辨认不出来beyo nd reco gnitio nThe Harry Potter bo o ks are quite po pular;they are in great demand in this city.(2012全国 卷II单项)哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎,在这座城市的需求量很大。三、抽象名词具体化1.表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定
8、冠词连 用,常考到的有:Yo ur co ntributio n will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014辽宁高考书面表达)您的贡献定会促使这件事取得圆满成功。抽象名词抽象名词具体化co mf o rt安慰;慰藉a co mf o rt 一件令人感到安慰的事pity惋惜,同情a pity 一件憾事success 成功a success 一位成功的人或一件成功的事f ailure 失败a f ailure 一位失败的人或一件失败的事surprise 惊奇a surprise 一件令人惊奇的事dif f iculty 困难a dif f
9、iculty 一件难事2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar 糖a sugar 一块糖co f f ee咖啡a co f f ee 一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper 一张报纸;一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair 一根头发一 I kno cked o ver the tea cup and it f ell o n the mo bile pho ne.一 Yo u sho uld never put drinks near a pho ne.(2015安庆一中上学期诊断)一我把茶杯碰
10、倒了,它落在了那部手机上。你永远都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。高频考点领悟常考点一:名词词义辨析,包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1.(2014浙江高考)We mo st pref er to say yes to the o f so meo ne we kno w and like.A.attempts B.requestsC.do ubts D.pro mises解析:选B句意:我们熟悉和喜欢的人对我们提出的要求,我们最愿意答应接受。attempt 试图,企图;request”要求,请求”;do ubt”怀疑,质疑;pro mise”允诺,许 诺”。2.(2014湖北高考)When Rich
11、ard said,Yo u are much mo re agreeable and prettier no w,Jo an s f ace turned red at the unexpected.A.co mmand B.co mpariso nC.co mpliment D.co ntributio n解析:选C 句意:当理查德说“你现在更讨人喜欢、更漂亮了”时,琼的脸因听到这 意外的赞美变得绯红。根据句意可知,这里用co mpliment表示赞美。co mmand“命令,控制“;co mpariso n”比较;co ntributio n 贡献。常考点二:名词构成的固定搭配,尤其是高频
12、的“动词+名词”与“介词+名词”的短 语搭配3.(2013-天滓高考)While she was in Paris,she develo ped a f o r f ine art.A.way B.relatio nC.taste D.habit解析:选C句意:她在巴黎期间,培养了对艺术的兴趣。way“道路,方法”;relatio n“关 系,联系”;taste 爱好,志趣”;habit”习惯,习性”.develo p a taste f o r.”培养对.的兴趣”。根据句意可知应选C。4.(2013江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher po in
13、ted them o ut with.A.curio sity B.satisf actio nC.envy D.patience解析:选D 句意:无论什么时候我犯了错误,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience 耐心,符合句意。curio sity 好奇心;satisf actio n 满意,满足;envy 忌妒。常考点三:名词的一词多义与熟词新义5.(2014-福建高考)一Co uld yo u tell me the o f making such tasty cakes?一 Well,I just f o llo w the directio ns in the co o kbo
14、o k.A.f eature B.planC-co st D.trick解析:选D 句意:“你能告诉我制作这样美味的蛋糕的技巧吗?”“哦,我就是照着 烹饪书上的说明做的。f eature”特点,特征;plan 计划;co st“成本,费用;trick”窍 门,技巧,诡计,恶作剧”。根据句中making such tasty cakes(制作这样美味的蛋糕)可知,上句说话人询问的是制作蛋糕的技巧(trick)。6.(2011 江西高考)Whats the,in yo ur o pinio n,o f helping him if he do esn?t make an ef f o rt to
15、help himself?A.sympathy B.themeC.o bject D.po int解析:选D 句意:依你看,如果他都不努力帮他自己,那我们帮他的目的是什么呢?what s the po int o f.表示“的目的(意图)是什么?”.sympathy 同情;theme 主 题;o bject“物体”,均与句意不符。常考点四:抽象名词具体化7.(2012-山东南考)Being able to af f o rd drink wo uld be co mf o rt in tho seto ugh times.A.the;the B.a;aC.a;不填 D.不填;a解析:选B句意:
16、在那些难熬的时光中,能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。不可 数名词可以和不定冠词连用,表示名词的具体化。句中的adrink表示“一杯饮料”,后面的 a co mf o rt意为“一件令人感到安慰的事。8.(2009陕西高考)What pity that yo u co uldn,t be there to receive prize!A.a;a B.the;aC.a;the D.the;the解析:选C 该句是感叹句,apity在此意为“一件憾事”。所以第一空用不定冠词a;而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物,所以用定冠词the。专85过关检测HUANTIGUOGUANJIANCE1.(
17、2015铜陵一中高三质检)一 What do es PM2.5 mean?一 It s a pro f essio nal indicating the co nditio n o f air po llutio n.A.term B.itemC.number D.mark解析:选A 句意:“PM2.5是什么意思?”“它是一个描述空气污染状况的专业术 语。term“术语”,符合语境。item 一件商品(或物品),项目;number“数量,号码”;mark 记号,分数”。2.(2015合肥 168 中学模拟)一He s always asso ciating himself with tho s
18、e disho nest bo ys!A man is kno wn by the he keeps.A.ref erence B.co mpanyC.distinctio n D.o ccupatio n解析:选B 句意:“他总是与那些不诚实的孩子们交往。”“近朱者赤,近墨者 黑。keep sb.co mpany”与某人作伴”,符合题意。ref erence 查阅;distinctio n 区另;o ccupatio n”职业;占有;消遣”。3.(2015苏州市质检)Altho ugh at times learning to play the piano was tiring f o r
19、me,it was well wo rth the.A.ef f o rt B.strengthC.intelligence D.preparatio n解析:选A 句意:尽管学习弹钢琴有时对我来说很烦人,但确实值得这些努力。ef f o rt 努力,符合题意。strength 力气;优势;intelligence”智力;preparatio n”准 备”。4.(2015-孝感高三模拟)Yo u sho uld take o f this o ppo rtunity and try to make a go o dimpressio n o n them.A.care B.advantageC
20、.charge D.place解析:选B句意:你应该利用这次机会,尽量给他们留下一个好的印象。take advantage o f为固定短语,意为利用,符合题意。take care o f”照顾,照料;take charge o f”控制,掌管;take the place o f 代替。5.(2015合腮市一模)Messi has wo n his as o ne o f the wo rld s greatest so ccerplayer when he was o nly 25.A.reputatio n B.achievementC.co ntributio n D.civiliza
21、tio n解析:选A 句意:梅西仅仅25岁,就已经赢得了世界最伟大足球运动员之一的称号。reputatio n 名声,荣誉”;achievement”成就,功绩;co ntributio n 贡献;civilizatio n 文 明”。6.(2015福建师大附中模拟)Peo ple generally believe that wo men are mo re emo tio nal than men,but in my experience that o f ten is no t the.A.stage B.caseC-view D.po int解析:选B句意:人们普遍认为女性比男性更情感
22、化,但根据我的经验,情况并非如 此。stage 平台,舞台;case“情况,案件;view“观点,视野”;po int 要点”。7.(2015-成都高三模拟)一The hero bus driver in Hangzho u died yesterday.一Yes,the news came as to me.A.sho ck B.a sho ckC.the sho ck D.sho cks解析:选B sho ck意为震惊;a sho ck意为一件令人震惊的事情”。8.(2015池州市高三模拟)No wadays,f ew peo ple f o rm the habit o f keepin
23、g a supply o f candles in the ho use in case o f po wer.A.dro pB.f ailureC.lack D.absence解析:选B句意:现在很少有人养成在家存放蜡烛以防停电的习惯。po werf ailure”停 电”,故选B项。第二周冠词语法要点精析一、不定冠词The“Chinese Dream is a dream to impro ve peo ple?s well-being and a dream o f harmo ny,peace and develo pment.(2013福建高考单项)“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一
24、个和谐、和平和发展的梦。When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet co nsulted a lawyer,Theo do re Sedgewick.(2014山东高考阅读C)当Ashleys 一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多塞奇威克的律师。一 Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailo r living in the neighbo rho o d?There is a parcel f o r him.So rry,but there is no such perso n here.(2015皖南八校高
25、三联考)劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailo r的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。Yo u are mo re than just a seco nd child,mo re than just a girl to match o ur bo y.(2014江苏高 考阅读D)你不仅是又一个孩子,也不仅仅是与我们的男孩相搭配的女孩。The American ho usewif e pro bably go es sho pping o nly o nce o r twice a week.(2015-皖南八 校高三联考)美国家庭主妇可能一星期只购物一两次。规律总结1不定冠词
26、a/an的用法1.单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。2.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。3.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人 有类似性质的人。4.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。5.表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。二、定冠词一 Did yo u enjo y yo urself yesterday?一 Yes,as yo u kno w,the party went o n in a pleasant atmo sphere.你昨天玩得开心吗?是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。I d
27、o n t kno w who invented the iPho ne,but I think it is a usef ul inventio n.(2015江苏部分 重点高 中 高三联考)我不知道是谁发明了 iPho ne,但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。If I co uld cho o se o ne scho o l day that taught me the mo st,it wo uld be that o ne.(2014湖南 高考阅读B)如果我能选择在学校里教给我最多的一天,就会是那一天。Marco Po lo is said to have sailed o n the
28、Pacif ic Ocean o n his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西高考语法和词汇知识)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。一 It s said Jo hn will be in a jo b paying o ver$60,000 a year.一 Right,he will also get paid by the week.(2011江西高考单项)据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的,而且会按周获得报酬。【规律总结定冠词the的用法1.用在名词前表示特指.2.用在世界上独一无二的人或
29、物、自然现象、发明物之前。3.用在序数词和最高级前。4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。5.用在表示计量的名词前如by the ho ur,by the do zen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight,by height 等。三 零冠词He wo uld co me ho me f ro m wo rk and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.(2014-山 东高考阅读D)他下班回家,会问他的孩子们是否刷了牙。Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster o f the scho o l,to ld u
30、s,“A f if th o f pupils here go o n to studyat Oxf o rd and Cambridge.”(2011 四川高考单项)这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学 深造。A year can be divided into f o ur seaso ns-spring,summer,autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。Clever boy as he is,he can t so lve such a dif f icult pro blem.尽管他是个聪明的孩子,但无
31、法解决这么难的问题。Co nsider that mo st f amo us eco no mic rule o f all:there s no such thing as a f ree hmch.(2014江苏高考阅读B)想一下那条最著名的经济规则:天下没有免费的午餐。Peo ple who f o rgive sho w less sadness,anger and stress and mo re hopefulness,acco rding to a recent research.(2013-辽宁高考任务型阅读)根据最近的一项研究,宽恕别人的人其悲伤、愤怒和压力都会减轻,而希望
32、却会增加。规律总结1零冠词的用法1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。4.as/tho ugh引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。5.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。6.高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有:baggage,luggage,f urniture,health,weather,f un,space(太空),advice,wo rd(=news
33、),pro gress,inf o rmatio n,news,luck,wealth(财 产)等。高频考点领悟GAOP1NKAOCHANUNGWU常考点一:冠词的特指与泛指1.(2014重庆高考)1 can t tell yo u way to the Wilso nsJ because we do nJ thaveWilso n here in the village.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;the D.the;/解析:选A 根据空后的to the Wilso ns可知第一空应该用定冠词the表特指;第二空 前加不定冠词a,人名前加不定冠词表示“一个叫的人”。2.(2014江西高考
34、)They cho se To m to be captain o f the team because they knew hewas smart leader.A.a;the B.the;theC.the;a D.a;a解析:选C句意:他们选汤姆为该队的队长,因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导者。第一空为特指,表示“该队的队长”;第二空则表示“一位”聪明的领导者,表示泛指。故选 Co3.(2014陕西高考)village where I was bo m has gro wn into to wn.A.The;a B.A;theC.The;the D.A;a解析:选A 句意:我出生的那个村子已
35、经变成了一个城镇。根据句子的结构来判断,where I was bo rn是定语从句,修饰先行词village,表示特指,故其前要用定冠词the;第二 空意思是“一个城镇”,表示泛指,故答案为A。常考点二:冠词的习惯用法4.(2014浙江高考)The paper is due next mo nth,and I am wo rking seven days week,o f ten lo ng into night.A.a;the B.the;不填C.a;a D.不填;the解析:选A 第一空表泛指,用不定冠词a,表示“每一”,aweek表示每周;第二空into the night是固定搭配,
36、意为直到夜里。综合起来 应选A项。5.(2013全国卷 H)Fo ur and half ho urs o f discussio n to o k us up to midnight,andbreak f o r cheese,cho co late and tea with sugar.A.a;a B.the;theC.不填;the D.a;不填解析:选A句意:四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜,在中间休息时我们吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。“四个半小时”可以表示为f o ur and a half ho urs或f o ur ho urs and a halt break意为“休息”,
37、是可数名词,这里表示泛指,其前应用不定冠词。故选A。专题过关检测IZHUANT1GUOGUANJIANCE1.(2015杭州五校第一次联考)The viewers will have seco nd chance to watch TheVoice of China o n Channel 4 to night.A.a;the B.the;theC.the;/D.a;/解析:选D a+序数词”表示“再一,又一”;Channel 4是专有名词,其前不用冠词。故D项正确。2.(2015安傲三所示范性高中质量检测)一 Making a lecture in public is the lastthi
38、ng I want to do.Just have try.I am sure yo u can make it.A.the;a B./;/C./;a D.the;/解析:选C句意:“在公共场合演讲是我最不想做的事情。”“你就试一试,我相信 你能行。in public”在别人面前,公开地”,have a try 试一试,均是固定搭配。3.(2015-绍兴一模)If yo u want to impro ve yo ur wo rking ef f iciency,it will be_mustf o r yo u to make_mo st o f yo ur time.A.the;/B.th
39、e;aC.a;a D.a;the解析:选D 此处表示“一件你必须要做的事”,因此must前力口 a;make the mo st o f表 示“充分利用”,为固定搭配。4.(2015四川成都第一次诊断)一Well,that is o ne o f mo st expensive ho tels into wn,V m af raid.Do yo u mean we d better cho o se cheaper o ne?A.a;a B.the;aC.a;the D.the;the解析:选B o ne o f_mo st expensive ho tels表示“最贵的旅馆之一”,第一空应用
40、the;cheaper o ne表示“一个较便宜的旅馆”,为泛指意义,第二空应用a。5.(2015宁波十校联考)Children with stable f amily do better at scho o l,acco rdingto repo rt published by the Sutto n Trust.A./;a B.a;aC.the;a D.a;/解析:选B句意:根据Sutto n Trust出版的一个报告,拥有一个稳定家庭的孩子在学校 做得更好。两空都表示泛指,故都应用不定冠词a。6.(2015杭州二中模拟)1入 o f ten less expensive to buy g
41、o o ds in quantity,but yo ud better examine quality bef o re buying them.A./;the B.the;/C.a;the D.the;the解析:选A句意:大量购买货物经常要便宜一些,但是你最好在购买前仔细检查一下 货物的质量。in quantity为固定搭配,意为“大量地”;第二空表示所购货物的质量,应为 特指,故答案为A。7.(2015-天津南开中学月考)一F m disappo inted the experiment turned o ut to be co mplete f ailure again.一 Do n
42、t lo se heart.Try third time.A.the;a B.a;theC.a;a D./;the解析:选C句意:“我很失望,这次试验证明又一次完全的失败。”“不要灰心丧气,再尝试一次。”第一空后的f ailure此处为具体化名词,表示“失败的事或失败的人”;不定 冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”,故答案为C。8.(2015南京高三模拟)“To meet peo pleJ s desire f o r happy lif e is o ur missio n,”Xi Jinping said to the press af ter he was elected
43、general secretary and chairman.A.a;a B.the;theC.a;/D./;the解析:选C 句意:习近平在当选为总书记后的记者招待会上说,“满足人们对于幸福 生活的向往是我们的使命。”第一空表泛指,应用不定冠词;表示职务的名词作补足语时其 前不用冠词,故答案选C。9.(2015合肥中模拟)Everything co mes with price;there is no suchthing as a f ree lunch in the wo rld.A.a;a B.the;/C.the;a D.a;/解析:选D句意:所有东西都是有价的,天下没有免费午餐。第一
44、空表示泛指,应用 不定冠词;no=no t any/no t a,thing前因为有no不再用不定冠词,故答案选D。10.(2015黄山高三模拟)As enviro nment pro tectio n is beco ming public co ncern,go vernment is determined to pay mo re attentio n to the issue.A./;the B.a;/C.the;a D.a;the解析:选D 句意:由于环境保护成为公众关注的一个问题,政府决心给予更多的关注。第一空表示泛指,应用不定冠词;第二空为特指,应用定冠词,故答案选D。第三周|代
45、词语法要点精析YUFAYAODIANJINGXI一、几组常见代词的辨析1.all,both,any,either,neither,noneI ve lived in New Yo rk and Chicago,but do n,t like either o f them very much.(2013山东 高考单项)我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。一 Wo uld yo u like to go sho pping with me o n Saturday o r Sunday?F m so rry.Neither will suit me.T 11 be away o n
46、 business during that perio d.(2015长沙模 拟)星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗?对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。My bro ther wo uld like to buy a go o d watch but none was available f ro m that sho p.(2012江 西高考单项)我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。规律总结都任何都不两者bo theitherneither三者或三者以上allanyno ne2.it,that,one,thoseTo her jo y,Della earned f irst
47、 the trust o f her students and then that o f her co lleagues.(2013 辽宁高考 单项)令黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。Studying Wendy s menu,I f o und that many o f the items are similar to those o f McDo nald s.(2012浙江高考单项)研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。We have vario us summer camps f o r yo ur ho lidays.Yo u ca
48、n cho o se one based o n yo ur o wn interests.(2011 福建高考单项)我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。I like this ho use with a beautif ul garden in f ro nt,but I do n t have eno ugh mo ney to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子,但是我没有足够的钱来买它。规律总结13.another,the other,other,others,the othersI sat o n the edge o f the stree
49、t and watched envio usly the other bo ys o n the blo ck playit特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the o ne。其复数形式为tho se,相当于the o neso ne指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为o nestho se指“the+名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)”baseball.(2014浙江高考阅读D)我坐在街道旁,羡慕地看着其他男孩在街上打棒球。The micro blo g has beco me another classro
50、o m f o r me,and the teachers are all big names in academia.(2015-安徽名 校联合测 试)微博已成为我的另一个课堂,这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。Yo u are a team star!Wo rking with others is really yo ur cup o f tea.(2015徐州高三检亍则)你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smo o th things o ver betw
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