英语句子成分分析和五种基本句型市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。主语主语主语主语(Subject)(Subject)是全句谈论中心话题是全句谈论中心话题是全句谈论中心话题是全句谈论中心话题找出以下句子主语，并说出由什么词来充当找出以下句子主语，并说出由什么词来充当找出以下句子主语，并说出由什么词来充当找出以下句子主语，并说出由什么词来充当v1.Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.v2.He works very hard at schoolv3.To go to a good university is his first goal.v4.Doing morning exercise is good for your health._名词名词代词代词不定式不定式V-ing第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。谓语谓语谓语谓语(Predicate)(Predicate)是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后v1.We love China.v2.We have finished reading this book.v3.He can speak English.v4.She seems tired._1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。2、复合谓语：（、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词）由情态动词或助动词加动词对应形式组成。加动词对应形式组成。（2）由系动词加表语组成。）由系动词加表语组成。_第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语中哪些成份能够充当宾语英语中哪些成份能够充当宾语英语中哪些成份能够充当宾语英语中哪些成份能够充当宾语v1.We often help him.v2.He likes to play basketball.v3.We enjoy listening to the music.v4.She said that he felt sick.v5.They are talking about the new student._代词代词名词名词V-ing从句从句注意注意:位于介词之后成份也被称之位于介词之后成份也被称之为宾语为宾语._宾语宾语宾语宾语(object)(object)是动作对象是动作对象是动作对象是动作对象,目标目标目标目标;位于及物动词后位于及物动词后位于及物动词后位于及物动词后.第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起组成宾语和宾语补足语一起组成宾语和宾语补足语一起组成宾语和宾语补足语一起组成复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语复合宾语v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.v4.They made her happy.v5.He is going to have hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _哪些动词后需接复合宾语？哪些动词后需接复合宾语？ask/tell/teach/help/order sb to do let/make/have sb do第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v常见连系动词常见连系动词vbe动词动词v感官动词：感官动词：feel(摸上去摸上去),smell(闻起来闻起来),taste(尝起来尝起来),sound(听起来听起来),look(看看起来起来),seem(似乎是似乎是),appear(似乎、显得似乎、显得)等。v连续系动词连续系动词:remain(依然依然),keep(保持保持),stay(保持保持)等v改变系动词改变系动词:become(变成变成),turn(变成变成),grow(变得变得),go(变得变得)，get(变得变得)等。v终止系动词终止系动词:prove(证实是证实是)表语位于连系动词之后，与之组成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之组成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之组成系表表语位于连系动词之后，与之组成系表结构，说明主语状态结构，说明主语状态结构，说明主语状态结构，说明主语状态,性质等性质等性质等性质等.第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v1.I am a teacher.v2.They are on the playground.v3.My job is teaching English.v4.It gets cold.v5.It sounds interesting._第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。定语定语定语定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点词找出以下句是用来说名名词或代词性质特点词找出以下句是用来说名名词或代词性质特点词找出以下句是用来说名名词或代词性质特点词找出以下句子定语，并说出由什么词来充当子定语，并说出由什么词来充当子定语，并说出由什么词来充当子定语，并说出由什么词来充当v1.The black bike is mine.v2.She is a chemistry teacher.v3.The man in blue is my brother.v4.The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.v5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._形容词形容词介词介词短语短语V-ing从句从句名词名词_第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。定语定语定语定语说明名词特点说明名词特点说明名词特点说明名词特点,性质性质性质性质;状语状语状语状语则说明则说明则说明则说明 动词何怎样动词何怎样动词何怎样动词何怎样.v1.We often help him.v2.I really dont like the food.v3.He did his homework carefully vat home.v4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._频率副词频率副词程度副词程度副词方式副词方式副词介词短语介词短语_不定式不定式 介词短语介词短语从句从句第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型1：主谓结构：主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物谓语动词组成主语加不及物谓语动词组成,惯用惯用来表示主语动作。来表示主语动作。如：如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将连续两个小时。会议将连续两个小时。3 3在过去十年里，我故乡已经发生了巨大改变在过去十年里，我故乡已经发生了巨大改变4 41919，在北京暴发了，在北京暴发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5天天八时开始上课。天天八时开始上课。6 6这个盒子重五千克。这个盒子重五千克。She went home very late yesterday.The meeting will last two hours.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day.This box weighs five kilos.第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。v8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。v v9我爷爷早晨起得很早。我爷爷早晨起得很早。v v10.天天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。天天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。My grandfather gets up early in the morning.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.I lived in Beijing five years ago.第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型2：主谓宾结构：主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+宾语组成宾语组成。宾语成份多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成份多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过屡次了。这本书他读过屡次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来信。v v7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。v8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个老实男孩。是一个老实男孩。v v9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。v10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名钢琴家了。有名钢琴家了。3孩子们极少孩子们极少保持保持平静。平静。4她工作她工作是是在幼稚园里照看儿童。在幼稚园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.基本句型基本句型:3：主系表结构：主系表结构本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语组成表语组成。第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了。黄了。7这个汇报这个汇报听起来听起来很有意思。很有意思。He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。基本句型基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作方向，表示侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作受益者，侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语动词有：（需借助to）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节约许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节约许多劳动。7他用他第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语补足语”组成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有组成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上主谓关系逻辑上主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。能够用能够用做宾补有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，做宾补有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语惯用句型结构方式。即：面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语惯用句型结构方式。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是老实。我们大家都认为他是老实。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们马上离开。卫兵命令我们马上离开。6.天天早晨我们都听到他大声朗诵英语。天天早晨我们都听到他大声朗诵英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出。我们不会让她在晚上外出。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut every month.We wont let her go out at night.第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。9那可怕声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这么用过。我从来没看见这个字这么用过。12他感到极难跟你交谈。他感到极难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一个方法解题。我认为有可能用另一个方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible sound made the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v（一）分析以下句子成份：（一）分析以下句子成份：v1.He broke a piece of glass.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语v 2.All of us considered him honest.主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 v3.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 4.Trees turn green when spring comes.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。v5.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.形式主语形式主语 系动词系动词 表语表语+真正主语真正主语v6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.主语主语 动词动词 形式宾语形式宾语 it 宾语补足语宾语补足语+真正真正宾语宾语第29页