统一标准电极电势表.doc

原则电极电势表
原则电极电势可以用来计算化学电池或原电池电化学势或电极电势。本表中所给出电极电势以原则氢电极为参比电极，溶液中离子有效浓度为1mol/L，气体分压为100kPa，温度为298K，所有离子数据都在水溶液中测得。[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]单击每栏上方符号可将数据按元素符号或原则电极电势值排序。
注：(s) – 固体；(l) – 液体；(g) – 气体；(aq) – 水溶液；(Hg) – 汞齐。
半反映
E° (V)[注 1]
来源
Ba+ + e−  Ba(s)
 −4.38
[10][1][3]
Sr+ + e−  Sr(s)
 −4.10
[11][1][3]
Ca+ + e−  Ca(s)
 −3.8
[11][1][3]
Pr3+ +  e−  Pr2+
 −3.1
[11]
 N2(g) + H+ + e−  HN3(aq)
 −3.09
[6]
Li+ + e−  Li(s)
 −3.0401
[5]
N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e−  2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH−
 −3.04
[6]
Cs+ + e−  Cs(s)
 −3.026
[5]
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 e−  Ca(s) + 2 OH−
 −3.02
[11]
Rb+ + e−  Rb(s)
 −2.98
[4]
K+ + e−  K(s)
 −2.931
[5]
Mg+ + e−  Mg(s)
 −2.93
[10]
Ba2+ + 2 e−  Ba(s)
 −2.912
[5]
La(OH)3(s) + 3 e−  La(s) + 3OH−
 −2.90
[5]
Fr+ +  e−  Fr(s)
 −2.9
[11]
Sr2+ + 2 e−  Sr(s)
 −2.899
[5]
Sr(OH)2(s) + 2 e−  Sr(s) + 2 OH−
 −2.88
[11]
Ca2+ + 2 e−  Ca(s)
 −2.868
[5]
Eu2+ + 2 e−  Eu(s)
 −2.812
[5]
Ra2+ + 2 e−  Ra(s)
 −2.8
[5]
Yb2+ + 2 e−  Yb(s)
 −2.76
[11][1]
Na+ + e−  Na(s)
 −2.71
[5][9]
Sm2+ + 2 e−  Sm(s)
 −2.68
[11][1]
No2+ + 2 e−  No(s)
 −2.50
[11]
HfO(OH)2(s) +  H2O + 4 e−  Hf(s) + 4 OH−
 −2.50
[11]
Th(OH)4(s) + 4 e−  Th(s) + 4 OH−
 −2.48
[11]
Md2+ + 2 e−  Md(s)
 −2.40
[11]
La3+ + 3 e−  La(s)
 −2.379
[5]
Y3+ + 3 e−  Y(s)
 −2.372
[5]
Mg2+ + 2 e−  Mg(s)
 −2.372
[5]
ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4 e−  Zr(s) + 4OH−
 −2.36
[5]
Pr3+ + 3 e−  Pr(s)
 −2.353
[11]
Ce3+ + 3 e−  Ce(s)
 −2.336
[11]
Er3+ + 3 e−  Er(s)
 −2331
[11]
Ho3+ + 3 e−  Ho(s)
 −2.33
[11]
Al(OH)4− + 3 e−  Al(s) + 4 OH−
 −2.33

Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e−  Al(s) + 3OH−
 −2.31

Tb3+ + 3 e−  Tb(s)
 −2.28

H2(g) + 2 e−  2 H−
 −2.25

Ac3+ + 3 e−  Ac(s)
 −2.20

Be+ + e−  Be(s)
 −2.12
[10]
Cf2+ + 2 e−  Cf(s)
 −2.12
[11]
Am3+ + 3 e−  Am(s)
 −2.048
[11]
Cf3+ + 3 e−  Cf(s)
 −1.94
[11]
Am2+ + 2 e−  Am(s)
 −1.9
[11]
Be2+ + 2 e−  Be(s)
 −1.85

Rf4+ + 4 e−  Rf(s)
 −1.67
[12]
U3+ + 3 e−  U(s)
 −1.66
[7]
Al3+ + 3 e−  Al(s)
 −1.66
[9]
Ti2+ + 2 e−  Ti(s)
 −1.63
[9]
Bk2+ + 2 e−  Bk(s)
 −1.6
[11]
ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  Zr(s) + 2 H2O
 −1.553
[5]
Hf4+ + 4 e−  Hf(s)
 −1.55
[11]
Zr4+ + 4 e−  Zr(s)
 −1.45
[5]
Ti3+ + 3 e−  Ti(s)
  −1.37
[13]
TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  Ti(s) +  H2O
  −1.31

Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  2 TiO(s) +  H2O
  −1.23

Zn(OH)42− + 2 e−  Zn(s) + 4 OH−
  −1.199
[14]
Mn2+ + 2 e−  Mn(s)
  −1.185
[14]
Fe(CN)64− + 6 H+ + 2  e−  Fe(s) + 4HCN(aq)
  −1.16
[15]
V2+ + 2 e−  V(s)
  −1.175
[2]
Te(s) + 2 e−  Te2−
  −1.143
[2]
Nb3+ + 3 e−  Nb(s)
  −1.099

Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  SnH4(g)
  −1.07

In(OH)3(s) + 3 e−  In(s) + 3 OH−
  −0.99
[11]
SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  Si(s) + 2 H2O
  −0.91

B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  B(s) + 3 H2O
  −0.89

Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 e−  Fe(s) + 2 OH−
  −0.89
[15]
Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2O + 2 e−  2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 OH−
  −0.86
[15]
TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e−  Ti(s) +  H2O
  −0.86

2 H2O + 2 e−  H2(g) + 2 OH−
 −0.8277
[5]
Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  BiH3
  −08
[14]
Zn2+ + 2 e−  Zn(Hg)
 −0.7628
[5]
Zn2+ + 2 e−  Zn(s)
 −0.7618
[5]
Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e−  2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O
 −0.75

Cr3+ + 3 e−  Cr(s)
 −0.74

[Au(CN)2]− + e−  Au(s) + 2 CN−
 −0.60

Ta3+ + 3 e−  Ta(s)
 −0.6

PbO(s) + H2O + 2 e−  Pb(s) + 2 OH−
 −0.58

2 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  Ti2O3(s) + H2O
 −0.56

Ga3+ + 3 e−  Ga(s)
 −0.53

U4+ + e−  U3+
 −0.52
[7]
H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e−  P(白磷[16]) + 2 H2O
 −0.508
[5]
H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H3PO2(aq) + H2O
 −0.499
[5]
H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  P(红磷)[16] + 3H2O
 −0.454
[5]
Fe2+ + 2 e−  Fe(s)
 −0.44
[9]
2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  HOOCCOOH(aq)
 −0.43

Cr3+ + e−  Cr2+
 −0.42

Cd2+ + 2 e−  Cd(s)
 −0.40
[9]
SeO32− + 4e− + 3H2O ⇌ Se + 6OH−
 −0.37
[17]
GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  GeO(s) + H2O
 −0.37

Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2 e−  2 Cu(s) + 2 OH−
 −0.360
[5]
PbSO4(s) + 2 e−  Pb(s) + SO42−
 −0.3588
[5]
PbSO4(s) + 2 e−  Pb(Hg) + SO42−
 −0.3505
[5]
Eu3+ + e−  Eu2+
 −0.35
[7]
In3+ + 3 e−  In(s)
 −0.34
[2]
Tl+ + e−  Tl(s)
 −0.34
[2]
Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  GeH4(g)
 −0.29

Co2+ + 2 e−  Co(s)
 −0.28
[5]
H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H3PO3(aq) + H2O
 −0.276
[5]
V3+ + e−  V2+
 −0.26
[9]
Ni2+ + 2 e−  Ni(s)
 −0.25

As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  AsH3(g)
 −0.23
[2]
AgI(s) +  e−  Ag(s) + I−
  −0.15224
[14]
MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  Mo(s) + 2 H2O
 −0.15

Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  SiH4(g)
 −0.14

Sn2+ + 2 e−  Sn(s)
 −0.13

O2(g) + H+ + e−  HO2•(aq)
 −0.13

Pb2+ + 2 e−  Pb(s)
 −0.13
[9]
WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  W(s) + 2 H2O
 −0.12

P(红磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  PH3(g)
 −0.111
[5]
CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  HCOOH(aq)
 −0.11

Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H2Se(g)
 −0.11

CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  CO(g) + H2O
 −0.11

SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  Sn(s) + H2O
 −0.10

SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  SnO(s) + H2O
 −0.09

WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−  W(s) + 3 H2O
 −0.09
[2]
P(白磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  PH3(g)
 −0.063
[5]
Fe3+ + 3 e−  Fe(s)
 −0.04
[15]
HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  HCHO(aq) + H2O
 −0.03

2 H+ + 2 e−  H2(g)
  0.00
≡ 0
AgBr(s) +  e−  Ag(s) + Br−
 +0.07133
[14]
S4O62− + 2 e−  2 S2O32−
 +0.08

Fe3O4s) + 8 H+ + 8 e−  3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O
 +0.085
[8]
N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6H+ + 6 e−  2 NH4OH(aq)
 +0.092

HgO(s) + H2O + 2 e−  Hg(l) + 2 OH−
 +0.0977

Cu(NH3)42+ + e−  Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3
 +0.10
[2]
Ru(NH3)63+ + e−  Ru(NH3)62+
 +0.10
[7]
N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e−  2 NH4+ + 4 OH−
 +0.11
[6]
H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−  Mo(s) + 4 H2O
 +0.11

Ge4+ + 4 e−  Ge(s)
 +0.12

C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  CH4(g)
 +0.13
[2]
HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  CH3OH(aq)
 +0.13

S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H2S(g)
 +0.14

Sn4+ + 2 e−  Sn2+
 +0.15

Cu2+ + e−  Cu+
 +0.159
[2]
HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−  SO2(aq) + 2 H2O
 +016

UO22+ + e−  UO2+
 +0.163
[7]
SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e−  SO2(aq) + 2 H2O
 +0.17

TiO2+ + 2 H+ + e−  Ti3+ + H2O
 +0.19

Bi3+ + 2e−  Bi+
 +0.2

SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e−  Sb(s) + H2O
 +0.20

AgCl(s) +  e−  Ag(s) + Cl−
 +0.22233
[14]
H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−  As(s) + 3 H2O
 +0.24

GeO(s) 2 H+ + 2 e−  Ge(s) + H2O
 +0.26

UO2+ + 4 H+ + e−  U4+ + 2 H2O
 +0.273
[7]
At2 + e−  2 At-
 +0.3
[11]
Re3+ + 3 e−  Re(s)
 +0.300

Bi3+ + 3 e−  Bi(s)
 +0.32

VO2+ + 2 H+ + e−  V3+ + H2O
 +0.34

Cu2+ + 2 e−  Cu(s)
 +0.340
[2]
[Fe(CN)6]3− + e−  [Fe(CN)6]4−
 +0.36

Tc2+ + 2 e−  Tc(s)
 +0.40
[11]
O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e−  4 OH−(aq)
 +0.40
[9]
H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e−  Mo3+ + 2 H2O
 +0.43

Ru2+ + 2 e−  Ru(s)
 +0.455
[11]
Bi+ + e−  Bi(s)
 +0.50

CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  CH4(g) + H2O
 +0.50

SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  S(s) + 2 H2O
 +0.50

Cu+ + e−  Cu(s)
 +0.520
[2]
CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  C(s) + H2O
 +0.52

I3− + 2 e−  3 I−
 +0.53
[9]
I2(s) + 2 e−  2 I−
 +0.54
[9]
[AuI4]− + 3 e−  Au(s) + 4 I−
 +0.56

H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H3AsO3(aq) + H2O
 +0.56

[AuI2]− + e−  Au(s) + 2 I−
 +0.58

MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e−  MnO2(s) + 4 OH−
 +0.59

Rh+ + e−  Rh(s)
 +0.600
[11]
S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e−  2 S(s) + 3 H2O
 +0.60

Fc+ +  e−  Fc(s)
 +0.641
[18]
 +  e−  Ag + −
 +0.643
[11]
H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  MoO2(s) + 2 H2O
 +0.65

 + 2 H+ + 2 e−  
 +0.6992
[14]
O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H2O2(aq)
 +0.70

Tl3+ + 3 e−  Tl(s)
 +0.72

PtCl62− + 2 e−  PtCl42− + 2 Cl−
 +0.726
[7]
H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  Se(s) + 3 H2O
 +0.74

Rh3+ + 3 e−  Rh(s)
 +0.758
[11]
PtCl42− + 2 e−  Pt(s) + 4 Cl−
 +0.758
[7]
Fe3+ + e−  Fe2+
 +0.77

Ag+ + e−  Ag(s)
 +0.7996
[5]
Hg22+ + 2 e−  2 Hg(l)
 +0.80

NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ + e−  NO2(g) + H2O
 +0.80

FeO42− + 5 H2O + 6 e−  Fe2O3(s) + 10  OH−
 +0.81
[15]
H2(g) + 2 OH−  2 H2O + 2 e−
 +0.828
[19]
[AuBr4]− + 3 e−  Au(s) + 4 Br−
 +0.85

Hg2+ + 2 e−  Hg(l)
 +0.85

MnO4− + H+ + e−  HMnO4−
 +0.90

2 Hg2+ + 2 e−  Hg22+
 +0.91
[2]
Pd2+ + 2 e−  Pd(s)
 +0.915
[7]
[AuCl4]− + 3 e−  Au(s) + 4 Cl−
 +0.93

MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + e−  Mn3+ + 2 H2O
 +0.95

[AuBr2]− + e−  Au(s) + 2 Br−
 +0.96

[HXeO6]3− + 2 H2O + 2 e− +  [HXeO4]− + 4  OH−
 +0.99
[20]
HNO2 + H+ + e- = NO(g) + H2O
 +0.996

H6TeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  TeO2(s) + 4 H2O
 +1.02
[21]
Br2(l) + 2 e−  2 Br−
 +1.07

Br2(aq) + 2 e−  2 Br−
 +1.09
[9]
NO2(g) + H+ + e- = HNO2
 +1.093

IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e−  HIO(aq) + 2 H2O
 +1.13

[AuCl2]− + e−  Au(s) + 2 Cl−
 +1.15

HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−  H2SeO3(aq) + H2O
 +1.15

Ir3+ + 3 e−  Ir(s)
 +1.156
[11]
Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  2 Ag(s) + H2O
 +1.17

ClO3− + 2 H+ + e−  ClO2(g) + H2O
 +1.18

[HXeO6]3− + 5 H2O + 8  e−  Xe(g) + 11 OH−
 +1.18
[20]
Pt2+ + 2 e−  Pt(s)
 +1.188
[7]
ClO2(g) + H+ + e−  HClO2(aq)
 +1.19

2 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−  I2(s) + 6 H2O
 +1.20

ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e−  ClO3− + H2O
 +1.20

O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e−  2 H2O
 +1.229
[9]
MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−  Mn2+ + 2H2O
 +1.23

[HXeO4]− + 3 H2O + 6  e−  Xe(g) + 7 OH−
 +1.24
[20]
Tl3+ + 2 e−  Tl+
 +1.25

Cr2O72 − + 14 H+ + 6 e−  2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O
 +1.33

Cl2(g) + 2 e−  2 Cl−
 +1.36
[9]
CoO2(s) + 4 H+ + e−  Co3+ + 2 H2O
 +1.42

2 NH3OH+ + H+ + 2 e−  N2H5+ + 2 H2O
 +1.42
[6]
2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  I2(s) + 2 H2O
 +1.44

Ce4+ + e−  Ce3+
 +1.44

BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e−  HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O
 +1.45

β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−  Pb2+ + 2 H2O
 +1.460
[2]
α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−  Pb2+ + 2 H2O
 +1.468
[2]
2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−  Br2(l) + 6 H2O
 +1.48

2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−  Cl2(g) + 6 H2O
 +1.49

HO2 + H+ + e−  H2O2
 +1.495
[11]
MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e−  Mn2+ + 4 H2O
 +1.51

HO2• + H+ + e−  H2O2(aq)
 +1.51

Au3+ + 3 e−  Au(s)
 +1.52

NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−  Ni2+ + 2 OH−
 +1.59

2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  Cl2(g) + 2 H2O
 +1.63

Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e−  2 Ag+ + 3 H2O
 +1.67

HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  HClO(aq) + H2O
 +1.67

Pb4+ + 2 e−  Pb2+
 +1.69
[2]
MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e−  MnO2(s) + 2 H2O
 +1.70

AgO(s) + 2 H+ + e−  Ag+ + H2O
 +1.77

 H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  2 H2O
 +1.776

Co3+ + e−  Co2+
 +1.82

Au+ + e−  Au(s)
 +1.83
[2]
BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e−  BrO3− + H2O
 +1.85

Ag2+ + e−  Ag+
 +1.98
[2]
S2O82− + 2 e−  2 SO42−
 +2.07

O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  O2(g) + H2O
 +2.075
[7]
HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−  MnO2(s) + 2 H2O
 +2.09

XeO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6  e−  Xe(g) + 3 H2O
 +2.12
[20]
H4XeO6(aq) + 8 H+ + 8  e−  Xe(g) + 6  H2O
 +2.18
[20]
FeO42− + 3 e− + 8 H+  Fe3+ + 4 H2O
 +2.20
[22]
XeF2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  Xe(g) + 2HF(aq)
 +2.32
[20]
H4XeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  XeO3(aq) +  H2O
 +2.42
[20]
F2(g) + 2 e−  2 F−
 +2.87
[2][9]
F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  2 HF(aq)
 +3.05
[2]
Tb4+ +  e−  Tb3+
 +3.05
[11]