2017人教版八年级下现在完成时讲与练.doc

人教版八年级下册现在完成时
Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days.
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998.
③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.
④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born.
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here.
瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in
go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----be over ;
　　open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead
★1.have代替buy
　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put on
　　b)用“be＋形容词” 表示一种状态，表延续性
　　1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
　　3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
　　5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
　　7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
　　9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
　　c)用“be＋副词” 表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词
　　1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up
　　3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
　　4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
　　d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
　　1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
　　2.用be in the army 代替join the army
　　3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

UNIT9 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
　　Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
现在完成时讲解
一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二．基本句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三．现在完成时的标志　　
　 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
　* 以already, just和yet为标志
　　He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。
　* 以ever和never为标志　
This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。
　* 以动作发生的次数为标志
　　He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
　* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+before
　 He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the examso far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
用法：
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
　I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
　　 Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

现在完成时练习(一)
A)选用have, has填空:
1.I _______ told him the news. 2.She ________ come back from school.
3.You ________ won the game.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________
5.He has lost his book.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
现在完成时练习（二）
一、 单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6.-- -Where have you _____, Kate? ---I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone　 B. been, been　 C. gone, been　 D. been, gone
7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died　 B. has died 　C. has been dead 　D. has been died
8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.
A. when　 B. since　 C. before　 D. for
9、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
10、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
　　—About two months .
　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ______to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、His uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
____　＿＿＿＿　they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He＿＿＿＿ for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
_______________________________________________________________________
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。________________________________________________________________________________
2、 他昨天收到一封信。________________________________________________________________________________
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。____________________________________________________________________
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。________________________________________________________________________________
5、 她去过上海。________________________________________________________________________________
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1-5 BBCDC 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 DBACA 16-20 AADCC
二、句型转换。
1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead
4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？