一般现在时初中详解版.doc

表格式一般现在时态和语态
一般现在时特点
要点内容
概念
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态．
时态标志语（表示频率的时间）
提问一般用how often（多久一次）
often，sometimes，always，usually,hardly ever,never等频率词连用， every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week，twice a year，on Sundays,(on+星期几+s，“每周星期........”)

谓语动词的时态构成
1 be动词的一般现在时 ：
am is are（"是"， “在”）
2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：
（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形
（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数,
动词要变形加s或es．
谓语动词语态构成形式
被动语态的判断方法：
1. 看是否有被动语态标志语：by+人/物
2. 看主语与动词关系是否为被动情况
（主语为动词的承受者，“被..........”）
am ／ is ／are + 过去分词

重要考点：
主将从现的判断方法
1. 运用成分法先看主语前面是否有主将从现的标志语
2. 看从句标志语后面的是否是现在时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时）
3. 再确定主句为将来时态
（一般将来时：will，shall+动原
将来进行时：Will，shall+be+doing，将来完成时：will，shall+have done）

1.表示常态性，规律性和客观真理性的动词要用一般现在时态。
2.表示主语的性格，能力，拥有，喜好要用一般现在时态。
3.在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时（即主将从现原则,一定要有两个句子）【常见主将从现的标志语有if, as soon as(一…就) unless(如果不when, before, until(直到…才)等从句标志语】
He has a dog.
I will tell you as soon as he comes here tomorrow.
The teacher said the sun is bigger than the moon.
动词时态之详解一般现在时
一． 定义:
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性，规律性，真理性的动作的时态．
二．常用标志语：（表示频率性的时间，提问用how often“多久一次”）
always,（总是，一直） often,（经常） usually,（通常）， sometimes （有时）hardly ever （几乎不），seldom,（很少，基本没有），never（从不，绝不）every day（每天），every week（每周），three times a day（一天三次）on Sundays,(on+星期几+s，“每周星期........”)等。
这些标志语决定谓语要用一般现在时态，动词用原形或者变态加s或者es。
三. 基本的谓语动词构成和句型构成及变化
谓语动词的构成分两种情况：
（一） be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are三兄弟
1. am is are用法口诀：（"是"， “在”）
be动词真伟大，生出am, is, are。
我(I)用am，你(you)用are，Is紧连她(she)他(he)它(it)。
其余单数用is，所有复数都用are。

2.含be动词的肯定句变否定句的方法
（否定句标志语not，一般在be，情态动词或者助动词后加+not）
否定句很简单，not加在be后边。

1. 含be动词的肯定句变一般疑问句的口诀：
（一般疑问句标志语就是用Yes,No回答的疑问句）
若要变为疑问句，be移到主语前。
主语变化很简单：
“一二互变三不变”，
（主语是I,We变you； you变I .we； my，our变your； he,she.it不变。）
句首大写莫迟疑，句末问号别忘记。
肯定回答用Yes, 否定回答要用No。
构成：Be+主语+其他的+问号？ Can +主语+动词原形+其他的？
助动词+主语+动词+其他的？
Are you a student? Can you swim? Do you like apples? Does he sing well?
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？回答用：主语+动词+其他的
回答特殊疑问句的方法：where is your mother?
（1）先找特殊疑问句中的主语
（位置：在be，情态动词或者助动词后面，一般是人或者物体）
（2）再找特殊疑问句中的动词
（3）再找动词后面的其他成分。
（4）加上答案。
（二） 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：
1.当主语不是第三人称单数（非三单）的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形
（1）肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)
温馨提示1：谓语动词用原形，请do帮忙构成否定句和疑问句
We（I,You,They） often play basketball after school.
主语 标志语 谓语（动词原形） 宾语 其他的
（2）否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。
We don’t play basketball after school.
主语 谓语 宾语 其他的
（3）一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?
Do you have a pen?
Do +主语 谓语（动词原形 ） 宾语？
肯定回答：Yes, I do. 否定回答： / No, I don't.
（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？
回答：主语+动词+其他的+答案。 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句
When do they often go to school ?
2. 主语是he,she,it和单数名词等第三人称单数，谓语动词要变形加s或es．
（温馨提示1：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句
温馨提示2：变形的谓语动词，请does帮忙构成否定句和疑问句）
(1) 肯定句：主语+变形动词加s或者es+其他的。
He swims well.
他游泳游得非常好。（主语的能力）
My mother likes apples.
我妈妈喜欢我。 （主语的性格）
The boy has some books.
这个男孩有一些书。（主语所有）
(2) 否定句：主语 + doesn’t +动词原形 (+其它)。
He doesn’t(=does not ) swim well.
他游泳游得不好。 （主语的能力）
My mother doesn’t(=does not ) like me.
我妈妈不喜欢我。 （主语的性格）
The boy doesn’t(=does not ) have any books.
这个男孩没有一些书。（主语所有）
（3）一般疑问句：Does +主语 +动词原形 +其它？（用Yes.No回答的句子）
Does he swim well ?
肯定回答：Yes, he does. 否定回答： No, he doesn't.
Does he swim well?
他游泳游得不好。 （主语的能力）
Does your mother like you?
我妈妈不喜欢我。 （主语的性格）
Does the boy have any books.
这个男孩没有一些书。（主语所有）
（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +以does+主语+动原+其他的（一般疑问句）？
回答用肯定句:主语+谓语动词+其他的。
How does your father go to work?
回答用肯定句回答：My father goes to work by bike.
（三）主语单复数形式和谓语动词单复数形式在一般现在时态中的对应关系
the boy (名词单数) the boys (名词复数) →→ 名词
buys (动词单数) buy (名词复数) →→ 动词
（四）一般现在时态谓语动词的第三人称单数的变化规则
1 .第三人称单数的动词变化规则多数动词直接加s: runs gets plays
2． 结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :
cross----- crosses mix--------mixes wash-------washes do---------does teach-------teaches go-------goes
3 . 动词末尾以辅音+y结尾的，将y改为i加es:
study（学习）→studies fly（放飞，飞）→flies
温馨提示：元音a\e\i\o\u +y不变y,直接加s:
buy----------buys say-says
4. 特殊单词的第三人称单数：have-----has
四 初中一般现在时的重要考点：
1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与时间标志语连用：
eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter.
2.表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。（能力，心理，拥有都用一般现在时）
eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. We want to buy a bike.
Tom and Tim both have medium height. The boy has some books.
3.表示客观、普遍真理 (考点：在宾语从句中，只要是客观真理，不管主句用什么时态，从句都要“坚持真理”用一般现在时态。
The teacher said the sun is bigger than the moon.)
Two and four makes six. The moon moves round the earth。
My teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
4. 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
温馨提示之重要考点：
5. 主将从现原则。 (主将从现原则：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)
（1）在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时。
（2）常见主将从现的标志语：if, as soon as(一…就) ，unless(如果不)，when, before, until(直到…才)等从句标志语。
I will tell you as soon as he （come）here tomorrow.
I （give）it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。

Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?
I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。

五．一般现在时态的判断方法：
1.看是否有常态性，规律性的时态标志语 →→→定时态
↓
2. 看主语 →→→ 是否是第三人称单数或者非第三人称单数
↓
3. 动词变态 →→→
（1）当主语是第三人称单数，（简称三单）谓语要变形加s或者es（肯定句）
请does帮忙构成否定句和疑问句，动词打回原形。
（2）当主语不是第三人称单数，（简称非三单）谓语动词不变用原形。
请do帮忙构成否定句和疑问句，动词用原形
一般现在时态基础练习
一 、写出单词的第三人称单数形式
read cook use like
bring miss watch finish
fix go teach wash
have say play cry
match _______ guess______ study______ carry_________
二、完成下列任务。
（一 ）用所给单词正确形式填空
1. 在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。
I ______ a girl. My name _______ Mary. I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7. I ______ 12 years old. Here ______ my family photo. Look! These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents. This boy ______ my brother. He ________ 15 years old now. That ______ my cat, Mimi. It ______ very lovely.
2.用be动词的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. I _______________ a student. 6. You __________ students.
2. She _____________ a student. 7. We __________ students.
3. He ______________ a student. 8. You and I __________ students.
4. It _______________ a country. 9. They ________________ students.
5. You _____________ a student. 10. Jim and Tom ______________ in Americ

（二）用所给单词正确形式填空 go have live love take talk
1.I _____ in a flat in Beijing. 2.I _____ breakfast at 7 a.m.
3.I _____ to school with my classmate. 4.I _____ my cousin Andy very much.
5.I _____ to my classmates at lunchtime. 6.I _____ my dog for a walk every day.
（三）用所给的人称改写句子
　1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)
　2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)
　3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)
　4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)
　5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)
　6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)
　7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)
　8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy)
　9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister)
（四）用括号里面的单词的正确形式填空。
1. This is my father. He _____(play) tennis every day.
2. This is my mother. She ___________(not play) tennis on Sundays.
3. These are my grandparents. They ____(like) watching TV.
4. I usually ____ (go) running for half an hour at the weekend.
5. My grandparents ______ (like) watching TV very much.
6. This ___(be) my cat. It ____(love) me.
7. ____ (be) your sister a member of the Reading Club?
8. She often _____ (finish) her homework at 9:00 in the evening.
9. Cats like _____ (eat) fish.
10. We ________ (not have) a Music lesson on Thursdays.
11. His uncle __________ (not get) up early on Saturdays.
三、根据上下文完成对话。
Millie: Daniel, do you play tennis after school?
Daniel: No, I _____________ tennis after school.
Millie: Does Simon play football after school?
Daniel: Yes, he always _____ football after school.
Millie: Does Amy walk h ome after school?
Daniel; No, she _____________ home after school.
Millie: Does she take the bus?
Daniel: Yes, she ______ the bus every day.
Millie: Do you like watching TV?
Daniel: No, I ________ watching TV.
四、 根据括号单词完成文章。
Hi , I ___(be) Tom. I am 12 years old. My birthday ____ (be) on 8th October. I was born in Changzhou. I ____(have) a little brother. He __(be) 11. He ___ (like) reading .but he _____________(not do) work hard.I ___(be) very tall. My hair is black. I have black eyes and I ______(wear) glasses.I enjoy maths and English very much. They ___(be) interesting.I love swimming .I am in the Swimming Club.I _______(not do ) like playing football.
五、单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set  D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
六．句型转换：
1.He often flies a kite in the park.(改为否定句) He ___ often ____ a kite in the park.
2She always misses the early bus in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）
_____ she always _____ the early bus in the morning?
3. Her mother usually watches TV in the evening.（提问）
____ ____ her mother usually ____ in the evening?
4.She walks home after school every day.（主语改为复数they）
They _____ home after school every day.
提问：
5. Boys like playing computer games.(改为否定句)
Boys _____ ______ playing computer games.
6. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答和否定回答) 
7. I have many books.  （改为否定句） 
8. Tom has some books. （改为否定句）
9 . I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）  
10. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）
11. We have four lessons.（否定句）
12. Nancy doesn't run fast （肯定句）
13. My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑问句：
14. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.

一般现在时态的提升练习
一、用动词的适当形式填空　
1.I like ___________ (swim). 2.He _________(read) English every day.
3.We ___go)to school at seven in the morning.
4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.
6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures.
7.She_________(make) a model plane.
8.Do you _______(like)_______(run)?
9.Does he_like)_________(jump) ?
10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?
11.The teachers________(like)___________(dance).
12.The teacher________(like)____________(dance).
13.The students___________(speak) English in class.
14.The student_________(speak) Chinese after class.
15. Let's____________and play football . ( go )
16. He_____________ like swimming . ( not )
17. I'm sorry ____________that . ( hear )
18. Wang Bing is____________ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend .
19. He has_____________a headache . ( get )
20. _________you study English at school ? Yes , I___________. ( do )
21. _______your sister study English at school ? No , she_________ . ( do )
22. I'm _________ better . ( feel )
23．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
24. He doesn't feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
25. He ___ _____( not see) me come in, for he _____(read) something with great interest.
26. I _________(let) you ( have) the book as soon as I _______(finish) it.
27. While we ______(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _______(run) up to us.
28. Don't make a niose. Grandpa __________(sleep).
29.It's seven now, Tom's family__________(watch) TV.
30. It ______(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.
31. What ____ your mother ____(do) at eight yesterday evening?
---- She ____(wash) clothes.
32. _______ it ______ (rain) when school was over yesterday
33. What _______you (do) _______ tomorrow? ------ We ________ (play) football.
34. There ________ (be) a football match on TV this evening.
35. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday.
36. Who _______ (dance) the best in your class?
37. Will you come if he _____________ (not come)?
38. The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun.
39 She ________ (buy) a sweater yesterday.
40. They _______ (have) a party in the garden if it _____ (not rain) tomorrow.
41. I don't know if Mr.Wang ______ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (go), I _____ (ask) him _____ (take) some books to my daughter, because she ____ (study) there.
42． _____your sister_____(know)English?
43．Her home____________(远离 )her school.
44．The pot____(not look) like yours very much.
45 .Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
46． Who_____想要 )to go swimming?
47．_____she_____(do) the housework every day?
48． Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
49. He (play) football very well.
50． Danny (go) to school at 7:10.
51. Jenny (has) a good friend? 52. Brian （not live) in China.
53. We (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
54. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing.
55. If it (not rain) tomorrow,I will go to the park.
56.Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday.
三、单项选择：
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.
A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain
2. There _____ an English film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be
3. The picture _______ nice.
A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep.
A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay
5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.
A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. got to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
　A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come
7. Don't smoke until the plane _____ off.
A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
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