对鸡腿菇人工栽培试验分析.doc

对鸡腿菇人工栽培试验分析
菌丝生长量将各处理挑取的5袋逐一标记,测量发菌8d、13d、18d、23d、28d的菌丝生长量,皆取平均值。菌丝满袋时间每个处理记录各个菌袋从接种到菌丝长满菌袋的天数,然后取平均值。基物失重接种时与菌丝长满菌袋时菌筒重量的差值。现蕾时间从覆土开始到长出菇蕾的时间。产量出菇结束时所采鲜菇的重量(每个处理皆采收第一潮菇和第二潮菇并记录各个菌袋两潮菇的产量)。生物学效率鲜菇重/培养料干重。

Hypha growth will be treated as the pick of the 5 bags one by one tag, measuring hair bacterium 8 d, 13 d, 18 d, 23 d, 28 d hypha growth, are averaged. Hyphae bags full time each processing records each fungus bag from vaccination to hypha growing fungus bag the number of days, and then averaged. Base material of vaccination with hyphae growing bacteria bag when bacteria tube weight difference. Budding time from turns the soil to grow the mushrooms bud time. At the end of the yield of the mushroom from the weight of fresh mushroom (each processing are harvested the first boom and the second tide of mushroom and record each fungus bag two tidal mushroom yield). Biological efficiency of heavy/PeiYangLiao dry weight and fresh.

结果及分析

The results and analysis

处理中的配方④菌丝生长最快,菌丝生长量最大,其次是配方①,配方②与配方③菌丝生长慢。菌丝生长量小,说明棉籽壳、木屑、玉米芯三种料混合具有促进菌丝生长的效果。菌丝满袋时间4个配方中菌丝满袋所需天数。经方差分析及多重比较结果表明(见表4),配方④菌株菌丝所需满袋天数量最短,而菌丝生长速度最快,其满袋天数为31.6d,菌丝满袋时间极显着短于其它3个处理;配方①菌丝满袋天数极显着短于配方②和配方③,为33.2d,配方②和配方③之间菌丝满袋天数不存在显着差异。热风炉基物失重4个配方中各个菌筒基物失重量见表5。经方差分析及多重比较结果表明,配方④从接种到菌丝满袋基物失重最多,为38.76g,显着的高于其他3个配方,且极显着的高于配方③和配方②;配方①的基物失重量也与配方③和配方②存在极显着差异;而配方③和配方②的基物失重量差异不显着。基物失重量由高到低依次为配方④、配方①、配方③、配方②。现蕾时间4个配方中各菌袋从覆土到现蕾的天数见表7。经方差分析及多重比较结果表明(表略),各处理间现蕾时间差异极显着,配方④现蕾时间最短,为24.6d,其次为配方①,二者之间存在极显着差异;配方②和配方③现蕾时间差异不显着;配方④和配方①现蕾时间极显着短于配方③和配方②。产量分析4个配方中各菌袋所采鲜菇的重量。.经方差分析及多重比较表明(见表10),各处理单袋产量为配方④最高,高达288.4g,极显着于其它3个处理;其次为配方①,单袋产量极显着于配方③和配方②,而配方③和配方②单袋产量之间无显着水平差异。可见,4个配方中配方④产量最高,其次为配方①、配方③、配方②。生物学效率各配方间生物学效率比较情况。从表11可以看出,处理中配方④的生物学效率最高,高达76.91%,其次是配方1,而配方3和配方2的生物学效率比较低,说明以棉籽壳、木屑、玉米芯三种配料混合栽培鸡腿菇,有利于生物转化率的提高。

Formula (4) in the processing of hyphae grow fastest, the hypha growth was largest, followed by the formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3) hypha growth is slow. Cotton seed shellis hypha growth was little, explain, sawdust, corn cob effect of three kinds of material mixed with promote the mycelial growth. Hypha bags full time 4 formula in the full bag of the required number of days. By variance analysis and multiple comparison results show that (see table 4), formula (4) strains hyphae bags full day number needed for the shortest, fastest and hypha growth, the full bag number is 31.6 d, hyphae bags full time significantly shorter than the other three treatment; Formula (1) hypha bags full days extremely significantly shorter than the formula (2) and formula (3), 33.2 d, formula (2) and formula (3) between hyphae bags full days does not exist significant differences. Base material of various formula in four canister base substance of weight loss are shown in table 5. Through variance analysis and multiple comparison results show that the formula (4) from the vaccination to the hypha is full bag base weightlessness, 38.76 g, significantly higher than other three formula, and extremely significant higher than the formula (3) and formula (2); Formula (1) loss of weight nor with formula (3) and formula (2) there are significant differences; The formula (3) and formula (2) base material lost weight difference is not significant. Base material weight loss from high to low in turn as formula (4), formula (1), formula (3), formula (2). Budding time four formula of each fungus bag from covering to budding days are shown in table 7. By analysis of variance and multiple comparison results show that (table), the budding time extremely significant difference between the groups, formula (4) budding time the shortest, the 24.6 d, followed by the formula (1), very significant differences between the two; Formula (2) and formula (3) budding time difference is not significant; Formula (4) and formula (1) budding time extremely significantly shorter than the formula (3) and formula (2). Production analysis in 4 formula which each fungus bag of fresh weight. . By analysis of variance and multiple comparisons indicated (see table 10), the processing single bag production as formula (4) the highest, up to 288.4 g, is extremely significant to the other three processing; Followed by the formula (1), the single bag production is extremely significant in formula (3) and formula (2), and the formula (3) and formula (2) no significant difference between single bag production. Visible, in 4 formula formula (4) yields the highest, followed by the formula (1), formula (3), formula (2). Biological efficiency of biological efficiency comparisons among various formulations. Can be seen from table 11, the biological efficiency of formula (4) the highest, at 76.91%, followed by the formula 1, and the formula 3 and biological efficiency of formula 2 is lower, indicating the cotton seed shellis to, sawdust, corn cob three ingredients mixed chicken leg mushroom cultivation, beneficial to the improvement of the biological conversion rate.

小结与讨论

Summary and discussion

鸡腿菇是一种腐生真菌,生长所需的营养物质完全由培养料提供,通过鸡腿菇在各培养料中的生长特性和菇体的生物学效率可以看出,4个配方之间有很大的差异,说明鸡腿菇菌株对各配方培养料的适应能力不同,因而在生产上的应用价值也不同。从试验结果看,菌丝长速快,现蕾时间短的生物学效率相对较高,此种现象与菌丝中养分的积累有关,菌丝长速快,有利于养分的积累,这为以后的出菇,提高产量和品质奠定了良好的营养基础。在菌丝生长阶段,菌丝在维持自身呼吸作用的同时,要积累一定的养分,因此表现为培养基失重,即菌丝降解培养料中的复杂有机成分可供菌丝直接吸收的简单物质,同时释放CO2和H2O,因此,基物失重也可以作为评价菌株降解能力的一个指标,在评价培养料为鸡腿菇提供的营养源和能源时,要综合考虑菌丝长速,基物失重,现蕾时间以及产量和生物学效率等因素。棉籽壳、木屑、玉米芯三料合理混合培养鸡腿菇是可行的,而且有显着的增产效应,表现为菌丝生长快,产量高。三料混合增产的原因是多方面的,首先3料混合可以减少培养料之间的缝隙,菌丝易于定植,可加快菌丝生长速度,使菌丝生长浓密粗壮;另外三料混合时C/N较高,具有丰富的养分,容易提供鸡腿菇生长发育所需的环境条件,而单独使用一种主料尤其是以木屑、玉米芯作为主料的配方营养贫乏,C/N失衡,难以提供鸡腿菇生长所需的环境特点,培养鸡腿菇的效果相对最差。鸡腿菇是一种腐生、草生菌,具有较强的分解,纤维素的能力,据分析,玉米秸秆和果树枝条主要成分为纤维素,半纤维素,木质素。我国陇东地区每年产生大量的玉米秸秆和果树枝条,绝大部分被焚烧,不但造成资源浪费,而且严重污染环境,将其与棉籽壳混合作为鸡腿菇栽培料,不但解决了目前棉籽壳等食用菌栽培料的原料紧缺问题,而且有极大的生态效益和社会效益。但是在具体栽培过程中,要充分考虑玉米秸秆和果树枝条营养成分不能被菌丝直接吸收并且较难降解的特点,必须与其它料混合使用,这样鸡腿菇菌丝才能生长旺盛,为以后的出菇奠定良好的基础。结合菌丝生长特性和菇体生物学效率,本试验所选用的4个配方中,配方4对鸡腿菇的生长发育有很大的影响,表现为菌丝长速快,菌丝浓密粗壮,产量高。因此,棉籽壳、木屑,玉米芯混合栽培鸡腿菇是较为理想。

Chicken leg mushroom is a kind of saprophytic fungi, PeiYangLiao provide nutrients needed for growth, through the chicken leg mushroom in the PeiYangLiao growth characteristics and biological efficiency of mushroom body, you can see that four formula there is a big difference between, show the chicken leg mushroom strains of each formula PeiYangLiao adaptive capacity is different, and therefore have different application value in the production. From the test results, hyphae grow faster, budding time short biological efficiency is relatively high, this kind of phenomenon is associated with the accumulation of hyphae in the nutrient, hyphae grow faster, is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients, this is the mushroom in the future, improve the yield and quality laid a basis for good nutrition. In mycelial growth stage, hyphae in maintaining their respiration at the same time, to accumulate certain nutrients, weightlessness is medium, namely the hyphae degradation PeiYangLiao complex organic compounds for hypha of direct absorption of simple substance, and release of CO2 and H2O, therefore, the base material of weightlessness can also be used as a index of evaluating strain degradation ability, in evaluating PeiYangLiao nutrition and energy for the chicken leg mushroom, to comprehensive consideration of hypha growth rate, base content weightlessness, budding time and yield and biological efficiency and other factors. The cotton seed shell, wood shavings, corn cob three reasonable material mixed culture chicken leg mushroom is feasible, and has a significant effect to increase production, performance for hypha growth is fast, high output. Three mixed material output reason is various, the first 3 material mixture can reduce the gap between the PeiYangLiao, hyphae are easy to colonize, can accelerate the mycelium growth rate and make the hyphae grow thick stout; Three other mixing high C/N, has rich nutrients, easy to provide a chicken leg mushroom environmental conditions needed for the growth and development, and the single use of a cooked especially with sawdust and corn cob as main ingredient in the formula, poor nutrition, C/N balance, provides the chicken leg mushroom growth required environmental characteristics, cultivate the chicken leg mushroom effect is relatively the worst. Chicken leg mushroom is a kind of saprophytic, CaoShengJun, strong decomposition, the ability of cellulose, according to the analysis of corn stalk and fruit tree branches are based on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Longdong region every year in our country has a lot of corn stalk and fruit branches, for the most part are burned, and not only causes waste of resources and serious environmental pollution, the cotton seed shellis with mixed as the chicken leg mushroom cultivation, not only solved the cotton seed shellis currently of the edible fungus cultivation, such as the raw material shortage problem, and have great ecological benefit and social benefit. But in the process of specific cultivation, must fully consider the corn stalks and fruit tree branches hyphae of nutrients can not be directly absorbed and refractory characteristics, must be used mixed with other materials, in this way can a chicken leg mushroom hypha growth strong, for after a mushroom to lay the good foundation. Combination of hypha growth characteristics and mushroom body biological efficiency, the four selected for testing the formula, the formula 4 of the chicken leg mushroom growth has a big impact, show the hyphae grow faster, hyphae thick thick, high output. The cotton seed shellis so, sawdust, corn cob mixed planting chicken leg mushroom is ideal.

目 录
第一章 项目摘要 3
1.1项目基本情况 3
1.2建设目标 3
1.3建设内容及规模 4
1.4产品及去向 4
1.5效益分析 4
第二章 项目建设的可行性和必要性 5
2.1建设的必要性 5
2.2建设的可行性 5
2.3编制依据 6
2.4编制原则 9
第三章 项目建设的基础条件 9
3.1建设单位的基本情况 9
3.2项目的原料供应情况 10
3.3地址选择分析 10
第四章 产品 11
4.1沼气 11
4.2 沼气产量确定 12
4.3有机肥 13
4.4产品去向 13
第五章 沼气工程工艺设计 14
5.1工艺参数 14
5.2处理工艺选择 14
5.3工艺流程的组成 15
5.4厌氧处理工艺选择与比较 15
5.5沼气存储和净化工艺 16
5.6工艺流程 18
5.7沼气输配设施 19
5.8沼气计量设施 19
第六章 总体设计 19
6.1站内总体设计 19
6.2站外配套设计 19
第七章 土建设计 20
7.1建筑设计 20
7.2结构设计 20
第八章 电气设计 21
8.1设计依据 21
8.2设计规范 22
8.3 设计说明 22
8.4控制与保护 22
8.5防雷与接地 22
8.6配电系统 23
8.7防雷与接地 23
8.8 防爆设计 23
89供电负荷 23
第九章 安全、节能及消防 24
9.1安全生产 24
9.2防火消防 24
9.3节能 25
第十章 主要构（建）筑物、设备的设计参数 25
10.2 厌氧消化系统工艺参数设计 27
10.3 沼气净化系统工艺参数设计 28
10.4 沼气储存系统 28
10.5 沼肥储存系统 29
10.6配套设施区 29
第十一章 投资概算和资金筹措 30
11.1编制说明 30
11.2总投资估算表 31
11.3投资概算 33
11.4资金筹措 33
第十二章 项目实施进度和投招标 34
12.1进度安排 34
12.2招（投）标依据 34
12.3招（投）标范围 34
12.4招（投）方式 35
第十三章 项目组织与管理 35
13.1管理 35
13.2劳动定员和组织培训 37
第十四章 环境保护和安全生产 37
14.1污染源和污染物 37
14.2污染治理方案 38
14.3安全生产 39
第十五章 产品市场分析与预测 41
15.1沼气 41
15.2沼气发电 41
15.3沼液和沼渣 43
15.4（生态）农产品。 43
第十六章 社会、生态及经济效益分析 43
16.1社会效益 43
16.2生态效益 44
16.3经济效益 44
第十七章 结论 46
第十八章 附件 47