深度集成6G网络4.0（英文）.pdf

1/97Executive SummaryThe development of information technology is accompanied by the continuous emergenceand integration of new technologies.As information and communication technology(ICT)evolvestowards 6G,it further integrates with big data and artificial intelligence technologies,presentingthe characteristics of ICDT(Information,Communication,Big Data Technology)integration.TheICDT integrated 6G system will become an end-to-end information processing and service system,representing an mobile information network that combines communication networks,sensingnetworks,and computing networks.New technologies and functionalities have become candidatesolutions for 6G design,validated at various levels,including theoretical,simulation,andprototype stages.This white paper classifies and analyzes potential 6G technologies and solutions throughthree aspects:the new trends in ICDT integration,wireless air interface technologies in ICDTintegration,and network aspects of ICDT integration.It proposes corresponding technical systemsuggestions.The new trends in ICDT integration encompass communication and computationtechnology,semantic communication technology,and AI large model technology.Communicationand computation integration technology is based on core technical capabilities such as thecoexistence of communication and computation resources,functional integration,and serviceintegration,enabling the evolution of wireless access network computing and the upgrade ofgeneral intelligence services.Semantic communication technology focuses on the meaning andsignificance of transmitted information,aiming to overcome the limitations imposed by Shannontheory on communication systems.AI large models,as one of the most prominent scientificdirections,continuously enhance the intelligent autonomous capabilities of communicationnetworks.ICDT integrated wireless air interface technology includes integration of sensing andcommunications,air interface AI,multiple access methods,encoding and modulation,massiveMIMO,and near-field technology.Novel air interface technologies are essential for constructing a6G network with strong connectivity,computing power,intelligence,and security.Currently,thesetechnologies have completed the design of technical and prototype solutions and are undergoingtesting.In terms of the network architecture of ICDT integration,service-oriented networks,nativeAI,digital twin networks,multidimensional networking,and user-centric networks are keyresearch directions.The new network architecture helps propel the ICDT integrated 6G networkstowards a new generation of mobile information networks with sensing,computation,andintelligence,providing comprehensive coverage across air,land,and space.The research on ICDT integrated 6G technology is gradually transitioning from isolatedtechnical research towards systematic construction and industry consensus.This article advocatesfor strengthening interdisciplinary research and collaboration in the field of information andcommunication technology,driven by demand,to accelerate joint tackling of basic theories andbottleneck technical issues and foster collaborative innovation.Simultaneously,emphasis shouldbe placed on the transformation of interdisciplinary innovation towards application and services,nurturing industrial ecosystems at the application layer,and incubating new businesses andapplications.Finally,further efforts should be made to enhance international cooperation,with2/97countries working together to solidify the foundation of 6G and promote its global development.ContentsExecutive Summary.11.Introduction.42.New Trends in ICDT Integration.62.1 Integrated Communication and Computing.62.2 Semantic Communication.152.2.1 Overview.152.2.2 Key Technologies.162.2.3Applications and Challenges.192.3 Large Model and Wireless Communication.212.3.1 Current Research Status of Large Models at Home and Abroad.222.3.2 Empowering the Communication Industry with Large AI Models.232.3.3 Intelligent Endogenous Communication Network.26References.273.ICDT-integrated Wireless Air Interface.293.1 Integrated Sensing and Communication.293.1.1 Typical Application Scenarios.293.1.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.313.2AI-nativeAir Interface.333.2.1 Typical Application Scenarios.333.2.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.353.3 MultipleAccess.373.3.1 Typical Application Scenarios.373.3.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.393.4 Code Modulation.443.4.1 Typical Application Scenarios.443.4.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.453.5 Ultra Massive MIMO.493.5.1 Typical Application Scenarios.493.5.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.503.6 Near-field Technology.613.6.1 Typical Application Scenarios.613.6.2 Key Technologies and Challenges.65References.693/974.ICDT-integrated Network.734.1 ICDT-integrated Network Architecture.734.1.1 Overview of 6G Network Architecture.734.1.2 3-Entity,4-Layer,and 5-PlaneArchitecture.744.2 Network as a Service(NaaS).754.2.1 Technical Concept.754.2.2 Typical Application Scenarios and PotentialAdvantages.754.2.3 Key Issues and Challenges.774.3 NativeAI.784.3.1 Technical Concept.784.3.2 Typical Application Scenarios and PotentialAdvantages.784.3.3 Key Issues and Challenges.804.4 Digital Twin Network.824.4.1 Technical Concept.824.4.2 Typical Application Scenarios and PotentialAdvantages.834.4.3 Key Issues and Challenges.854.5 Multi-dimensional Networking.864.5.1 Technical Concept.864.5.2 Typical Application Scenarios and PotentialAdvantages.874.5.3 Key Issues and Challenges.914.6 UCAN.924.6.1 Technical Concept.924.6.2 Typical Application Scenarios and PotentialAdvantages.934.6.3 Key Issues and Challenges.94References.945.Summary and Outlook.95Acknowledgement.974/971.IntroductionThe rapid development of information technology has always been the drivingforce for social progress.In recent years,the seamless integration of information,communication,AI,big data,system control,and sensing technologies has ushered ina new era in 6G technology.At the Global 6G Conference in November 2020,theICDT Integrated 6G Network 1.0 white paper was officially released,regarding 6G asan end-to-end information processing and service system.Its core function isexpandedfromsimpleinformationtransmissiontoinformationcollection,information computing,and information application,providing users with morepowerful endogenous capabilities in multiple dimensions,including communication,computing,sensing,intelligence,and security.As time progresses,6G technologyundergoes continual evolution.The ICDT Integrated 6G Network 2.0 white paper wasreleased at the Global 6G Conference held in March 2022.This version focuses on thenetwork capability,architecture,air interface,terminal,and industry that integratesensing,communication,and computing while proposing a new 6G solution.Additionally,in March 2023,the ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0 white paper wasreleased,primarily focusing on detailing the ICDT-integrated 6G technology system,ICDT-integrated wireless communication and networking,as well as ICDT-integratedarchitecture and functions.Over the past year,there has been a rapid advancement in global 6G technology,extending its scope and positioning to reflect a new trend of integrating big data,AI,sensing,information,and communication technologies.Emerging technologies suchas integrated sensing and communication,integrated communication and computing,AI-assisted communication,and semantic communication have attracted significantinterest.The academic and industrial circles are collaboratively advancing thesetechnologies in theoretical research,prototype experimentation,and standardizationinitiatives.In June 2023,the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)released aproposalfortheframeworkandoverallobjectivesofInternationalMobile5/97Telecommunications technology for 2030 and beyond,aiming to elaborate on thedevelopment goals,trends,typical application scenarios,and technical capabilities of6G.The release of this proposal signifies a definitive establishment of the globalconsensus and guiding principles for future communication technologies.InSeptember 2023,the Next Generation Mobile Networks(NGMN)Alliance also issueda statement outlining its position on 6G,emphasizing the technologys positioning,innovation,services,operations,principles,and spectrum considerations.The releaseof this statement highlights the global consensus on 6G technology and offersindustry-level guidance to drive its innovation and development.In October 2023,theIMT-2030(6G)Promotion Working Group formed the Semantic Communication TaskForceintendingtoadvancetheresearchandstandardizationofsemanticcommunication technology in 6G.Overall,the initiatives undertaken by theseinternational organizations and working groups have laid a robust groundwork forstandardizing 6G technology,driving its research and development forward,andfosteringglobalcollaboration.Theglobal6Gdevelopmentisshowingitscharacteristics of cross-border integration and multi-layer breakthroughs.Building on the latest advancements in 6G technology,the 6G working group ofthe FuTURE Forum has led the development of the ICDT Integrated 6G Network 4.0white paper.This version provides a comprehensive overview of the current statusand future prospects of ICDT-integrated 6G technology from three dimensions:newtrends in ICDT integration,ICDT-integrated wireless air interface technology,andICDT-integrated network architecture.It also provides a concise overview of thetechnical concepts,application scenarios,key issues,and challenges of various newICDT integration technologies,and delves into their development trends.This whitepaper aims to offer insights and proposals for advancing 6G technology research,supporting its continued development.6/972.New Trends in ICDT IntegrationThe ICDT integration is undergoing a significant shift with three key trends:theintegration of communication and computing,semantic communication,and theintegration of AI large models into communication systems.While traditionalcommunication systems continue to improve,this integration with sensing,big data,and AI will fundamentally reshape network capabilities and architecture,paving theway for a future of intelligent,efficient,and reliable communication.Figure 2-1 ICDT Integration Trends2.1 Integrated Communication and ComputingThe integration and coexistence of wireless communication and computing forma new technological field that has emerged due to the digital economys transition intothe Era of Computing Power.This transformation is propelled by various factors,including technological evolution requirements,business development needs,and thetransformationandupgradingofnetworkinfrastructure.Relyingoncoretechnological capabilities such as the integration and coexistence of communicationand computing resources,functional integration and coexistence,and serviceintegration and coexistence,radio access network(RAN)evolution into computingpower and the upgrade of integrated communication,computing,and intelligentservices can be achieved.This promotes efficient aggregation,flow,and sharing of7/97resources and factors,providing solid support for the growth of the digital economy.With the rapid onset of the digital era,characterized by ubiquitous sensing,connectivity,and intelligence,there is a growing societal demand for computingresources.Consequently,the construction of computing networks has emerged as asignificant national strategic initiative.As a critical national information infrastructure,RANs possess a large number of base stations.The exploration and utilization of theiridle computing power hold significant economic value and represent the final link inachieving network-wide computational upgrading.The integration and progression ofcommunication and computing power in RANs has emerged as a significant growthtrend in advancing the efficiency and service enhancement of information andcommunication infrastructure.From a technological standpoint,in recent years,the integration of technologieslike communication,cloud computing,AI,and digital twin has emerged as aninevitable trend in the evolution of next-generation networks.Research into keytechnologies like AI endogeneity and integrated sensing and communication hascommenced for 6G,bringing forth fresh demands on the computing power of RANs.Futurenetworkdesignsmustholisticallyaddressthecombinedneedsofcommunicationandcomputingtofacilitatetheintegrateddevelopmentoftechnologies and maximize their advantages.From a business expansion standpoint,emerging services like cloud gaming,XR,and the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)have integrated demands for deep edge computing,localdataoffloading,anddeterministicmobileconnectivityassurance.Simultaneously,addressing diverse industry digitization demands,such as industrialquality inspection and remote control,is facilitated by cloud-based base stationsoperating on a universal platform.By harnessing the inherent computing power andintegrating it with intelligent capabilities,a deep integration of communication andcomputing power can be achieved.This not only maximizes system efficiency andperformance,but also meets industry needs for cost-effective,agile deployment,andtailoredsolutions,therebycontributing tothe countrysstrategicvision forempowering the future of 6G.8/97Looking at the demand for upgrading network infrastructure efficiency,by theend of 2023,the total number of 5G base stations in China has reached 3.377 million,representing the heaviest investment and the largest proportion of the 5G networks.Thanks to its unique tidal effect,RANs possess abundant dynamic residualcomputational power,forming a blue ocean of computational value.Similar torenewable energy,it represents a novel economic resource with immense potentialeconomic value,yet requires innovative technology for efficient utilization.Likewise,upcoming 6G networks will constitute a vast computing power resource pool,contributing substantial computing power.Presently,the integrated communication and computing scenario primarilytargets typical 6G use cases like network intelligence,edge computing/AI,andsensing networks.Network intelligence plays a crucial role in the integration andcoexistence of wireless communication and computing.By consolidating thecomputing power of base stations,it enables the implementation ofAI-driven networkoperation and optimization,effectively supporting the enhancement of heavy-load cellperformance,intelligent detection of faults and potential hazards,and other specificdemands.Furthermore,leveraging intelligent technologies alongside local businessidentification at base stations ensures the assurance of critical business experiences,such as payment applications within hospital environments,and ensures seamless userexperiences for hospital-owned mobile apps.Additionally,applications like basestation AI optimization and AI-driven base station/network coordination are pivotalscenarios for the integration and coexistence of wireless communication andcomputing.The in