初中英语之There be句型.docx

01there be 句型基本认识1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。例如：There is a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There are two boysand a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。02 there be 句型考点考点一：各种句型转化。1、变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.例如There are some pictures on the wall.There arent any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.There is a bike behind the tree.There isnt a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.2、变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。例如There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars?There are some fish in the water.Are there any fish in the water?3、特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。例如There are many things over there.Whats over there?There is a little girl in theroom.Who is in the room?对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。例如There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer?There are four children on the playground.Where are the four children?对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？考点二：there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时（there is/are）过去时(there was/were)将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)完成时(there have/has been)还可用there must be ,there cant be, there used to be等。例如：-There _ a concert this evening.-Yeah.Exciting news! A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D.will have 答案：B考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there?例如：There is some milk in the bottle, _?Aisnt thereBarent there Cisnt it Dare there答案：A考点四：there be 句型的主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。例如1.There_any rice in the bowl.A. areB.isC. isntD. arent2.There _ many apples on the tree last year.A. have been B.were C. are D.is考点五：there be 句型用的其他动词：there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。例如：There _ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黄冈)A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to beD. are剖析：根据就近原则，首先排除B、D，而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等，所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时，故C也不正确。注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。例如：He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。（2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，Therebe 句型与其可互换。例如：A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一个星期有七天。03 There be 句型其他用法1、There be后接表示物的主语时，后面常接不定式作定语，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做（工作被做）。2、There be后接表示人或动物的主语时，后面常接V-ing形式作定语。例如There are some children playing downstairs.几个孩子在楼下玩呢。3、与其他词连用，构成复合谓语。例如：There may be a heavy rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有一场大雨。There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这里有一个电影院。There happened to be a man walking by.恰好有一个人从旁经过。4、There be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要，可用live, stand, remain等代替。例如：There seemsappears something the matter with her.她好像是出了什么事似的。There existed different opinions on this issue.对这个问题曾有不同看法。There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩28英镑了。5、There be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。例如：There is a radio on the table, isnt there?桌上有台收音机，是吗？There arent any fish in the river, are there?河里没有鱼，是吧？