2018初中英语情态动词总结及练习题新版.doc

仁爱英语情态动词讲解与练习
I 情态动词的定义
    情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
II 情态动词的特点
  1）有一定词义；
2）不随主语人称和数的变化而变化；
3）与动词原形一起构成谓语。
III 情态动词的基本用法
can (could)
1) 表示能力（会、能），could主要指过去时间。
Can you sing this English song?
Mary can tell many stories.
Can you skate?
I could swim when I was eight years old.
2）表示请求和允许。
Can you bring some water for me? 你能带给我一些水吗？
--Can I go to play soccer now? 我能去踢足球吗？
-- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 是的，你能。/不，你不能。
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
1. Could you please turn down the music?
2. Could I have a rest?
3）can’t 表示推测的“肯定不，一定不”
The boy can’t be Li Ming. He is taller
那个男孩肯定不是李明，他比Jim高多了。
may /might
1) 表示请求和允许。
否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
--May I smoke in this room?
-- No, you mustn’t.
-- May I say it in Chinese?
-- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t.)
用May I...？(正式和客气)，而Can I...？(口语常见) 在回答以may引起的问句时，往往不用Yes, …may或No, …may not，而改用其他方法，
肯定回答常用:Yes, please. / Certainly. /Sure. / Of course.等
否定回答常用 Please don’t./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t/can’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
He may be at home.   他可能在家。
He may be very busy now.
Her mother may not know the boy
must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）、必要。。
We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。
You mustn’t talk to her like that.   你不能那样对她说话。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，
肯定回答常用must，
而如果是否定的，*不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t或don’t have to（不必）.
-- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
-- Yes, you must.
-- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
You’re his friend, so you must know where he lives.
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
Shall 表征询意见，用于第一人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some tea?   我给你点茶好吗？
What shall we do this evening?   我们今晚做什么？
should
表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.   你应对老师有礼貌。
You shouldn’t waste any time.   你不应该浪费时间。
will/would
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will look after your sister when you leave.  
我愿在你离开时照顾你的妹妹。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.  
请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won’t you drink some more coffee?   再来一点咖啡好吗？
表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法等，would比will更委婉。
Would you like some chocolate?  来些巧克力好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window?  
请把窗户擦一下好吗？
had better
had better表示"最好"。相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。结构为：had better do sth.
The library is far from here. You’d better take a bus.
　如果要表达“最好不…”时，常用had better not do sth.
It’s raining outside. We’d better not go to the museum.
含有had better的句子，在改为一般疑问句时，只需要将had置于句首即可。
--Had I better leave here at once?
need 
既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，只能用于疑问句和否定句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to。
1)  实义动词： need　（需要, 要求）
　 need + n. / to do sth.
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
He needs to do more exercise. 他需要做更多的练习。
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
Need I turn off the TV? 
Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.
注意：need构成的疑问句，肯定回答用must.
have to
have to 意为“不得不”，后跟动词原形，表示由于客观因素，自己不想做但又不得不做某事。have to 有时态及人称的变化。
I have to wash my clothes this weekend.
She has to stay in bed and have a good rest.
They had to walk home because there was something wrong with the car.
在进行句型转换时，需要借助于助动词。
have to à do / has to à does / had to à did
(三)辨异 must和 have to
must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式, have to 有人称和时态的变化。
I told him that he must give up smoking.  我叫她必须戒烟。
We had to get everything ready that night.  我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。
强化练习
( ) 1 John___ come to see us this evening, but he isn't very sure yet(还).
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you have a cold. A. can B. must C. would
( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( ) 6 -He___ be in the classroom, I think.
-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not
C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
( ) 7 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?
-Thanks, but you___, I’m full.
A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
( ) 8 Even the teachers can't work out this problem, so it       be very difficult.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 9 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can B. shall C. must D. has to
( ) 10 ___ I take this one?
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
( ) 11 The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
( ) 12 You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to
( ) 13 -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you___.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not
( ) 14 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to B. don't have to
C. haven't to D. doesn't have to
( ) 15 “Must I finish the work today?” “No, you .”
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( ) 16. you please tell me the way to the station?
A. Shall B. Would C. May
( ) 17. I open the window? It’s hot here.
A. Must B. Will C. Shall D. Would
( ) 18. – Who’s the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
– No, it be him. Mr. Li is much taller.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 19 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better
C. had better D. had better not
( ) 20 -Shall we go and visit the museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't
C. Yes, please D. Let me try
( ) 21 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks,__.
A. I will B. I won't C. I can D. I may
( ) 22 -___ I take the newspaper away?
-No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.
A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must
( ) 23 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must
( ) 24 ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
( ) 25 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
( ) 26 You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to
( ) 27. – I ask you a question, please? – Yes, please. A. May B. Must C. Need D. Will
( ) 28. -Must we do our homework first?
-No, you___. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't
( ) 29. – Please don’t make a noise.
– _____ . I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
( ) 30. "___ I take it out?"   "I'm sorry, you ___."
  A. Could...couldn't   B. Could...can   C. May...can't
( )32. "Need we do this job now?"    "Yes, ____."
  A. you need  B. you should  C. you must D. you can
( )33. _______ to have lunch with us today?
  A. Do you likes   B. Would you like  
C. Will you liked   D. Have you liked
( )34. Michael ___ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
  A. needn't    B. can't   C. shouldn't   D. won't
( )35. Come on! We ______ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may   B. must   C. can   D. need
( )36. Because there is no light(灯光) in the room, he
be in.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. must
( )37. – ask for some more people to do the work? – Yes, I think so. A. Need we B. Do we need to
C. Need we do D. Do we need
( )38. – May I smoke here? – No, .
A. you mustn’t B. you may not
C. you’d better not D. A and C.
( )39. It’s very dangerous outside. You go out.
A. had better B. had better not
C. hadn’t better D. had better not to
( )40. – Must we finish the work today?
– No, you . You may leave some to tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. needn’t
( )50. you like to come to my party?
A. Shall B. Would C. Should D. Will
( )51. – you play football with us?
– Sorry, I . I tidy my room.
A. Will; won’t; mustn’t B. Could; couldn’t; couldn’t
C. Can; can’t; have to D. May; mayn’t; must
( )52. When the lights are red, the traffic stop. Then you ________ cross.
A. must; can B. should; should C. have to; must D. can; can
( )53. My mother is out. I look after my little brother. A. have to B. can C. has to D. may not
( )54. The radio says it is sunny today. You take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. can
( )55. – we go out for a walk?
– Good idea. What time shall we meet?
A. Shall B. Let C. Will D. Must
( )57. – Must we finish our homework now?–Oh no, you . A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
( )58. you swim in the river?
A. Can B. Must C. May D. needn’t
( )60. – May I throw a Frisbee in the street? – No, you .
A. may not B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. don’t