综合项目工程测量英语常用词汇.doc

测量英语惯用词汇一、工程测量词汇与短句：Absolute elevation 绝对高程adjusted elevation 平差高程Relative elevation 相对高程alignment 准直alignment error 校正误差/alignment stake 定线桩pile allowed error 容许误差/artificial error 人为误差assumed elevation 假定高程测量放样setting out/轴线放样setting out of axis/ background 背景/back sight 后视base measurement 基线测量/base-line 基线/bearing mark 方位标记bench level 水准点高程/bench mark(BM) 水准点，基准点calculation error 计算误差/ check 检核/ check measuring point 校核测点/check of leveling line 水准路线检测/ ground elevation 地面标高construction survey施工测量/contour等高线/extra contour 辅助等高线contour interval 等高距/ slope distance 斜距/control line/net/point 控制线，控制网，控制点coordinate 坐标/coordinate grid 坐标网格correction 改正数/detection 检测/ deviation 误差counter-clockwise 顺时针方向/design coordinate 设计坐标design elevation设计高程/detail survey详测/difference in elevation高差elevation of sight 视线高程/ elevation of line of sight 视线标高error误差/error control误差控制/error correction 误差foresight 前视/ front-view 前视图height of instrument 仪器高程/stability of instrument 仪器稳定性 horizontal angle水平角/horizontal deviation 水平偏差/horizontal distance 水平距离/horizontal line 水平线land smoothing survey 土地平整测/lay out/location/locating 放样solid error 固定误差/observation error 观测误差/overall error 总误差instrument parallax 仪器视差scale比例尺/scale accuracy 比例尺精度/scale error 比例误差/spirit level 水准器set up the instrument安顿仪器/setting out of axis 轴线放样/site survey 现场勘测 surveying sheet 测量图/surveying stake 测量标桩/surveyors pole标杆staking-out work现场定线/state plane coordinate system /国家平面坐标系统triangulation 三角测量/tripod 三角架/turning point 转点uniform slope 等坡面/vertical control net 高程控制网/vertical control survey 高程控制测量visual observation 目测/zero elevation 零高程closure traverse 闭合导线把仪器架到这个点上，把仪器收到车里Set up the instrument over this control point/ take it back into the pick-up 把棱镜立直不要动Hold the prism straight and stable 在这附近有控制点吗?Is there any controlling point around?测这条路横段面,每25m一种断面Make a survey of road transverse surface/cross section every 25 meters 咱们给高程是垫块顶部高程这高程是开挖高程The elevation is for excavation/the top of the kicker 请把推土机开走它挡住我视线咱们看不见棱镜了 Please move away the bulldozer；it blocks my sight of the prism 用白油漆在U-drain写里程桩号 Write down the chainage number on U-drain with white paint 咱们仪器里没有这些点坐标要一种一种输入进去My instrument does not have the coordinates of these points；we have to put in these figures one by one. 这个桩位置不是很精确需要改一下 The location of this stake/peg is not right；we have to correct it. 用长皮尺测量一下这路宽度 Measure the width of road with tape measure 从这点到路边大概距离是多少? What is the general/rough distance between this point and the road sideline?从这点到路中心线预计高差是多少? What is the estimated elevation difference from this point to the central line?把彩条系到桩子上Tie/fasten the ribbon to pegs/stakes 这个坡坡度应当是很缓这个坡坡度是1:3 The gradient of this slope should be flat/ is one in three. 用警示条和竹竿把这个区域封上以免毁坏标杆 测量学各章词汇及英文对照 测绘Surveying 测定survey layout setting-out survey 普通测量学general survey 大地测量学geodetic survey 照相测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing 海洋测绘学marine surveying 工程测量学engineering surveying 制图学cartography 测量基准面datum plane 大地水准面geodetic surface；geiod 铅垂线plumb-line 水准面level plane 参照椭球面reference ellipsoid 旋转椭球rotating ellipsoid 大地坐标系Geodetic coordinate system 大地经度earth longitude（B）大地纬度earth latitude （L）空间直角坐标系spatial rectangular coordinates 独立平面直角坐标系independent plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯投影Gaussian projection 高程系统height system 高程原点height datum 曲率curvity/curvature 平面控制测量The plane control survey 高程控制测量Elevation control survey 第二章水准测量Leveling Surveying 水平视线horizontal sight 高程elevation height 高差Difference of height 后视backsight 前视foresight 水准尺Leveling rod 水准仪The Level（instrument）水准点Bench Mark 尺垫turning point plate 微倾式水准仪slightly leaning level（instrument）望远镜telescope 水准气泡bubble 管水准器tube level bubble 圆水准器round level bubble 基座base 物镜objectives 目镜eyepieces 聚焦透镜the focus lens 十字丝分划板the cross partition board 目镜调焦螺旋eyepiece optical screw 物镜调焦螺旋objectives optical screw 管水准器tube level bubble 圆水准器round level bubble 三脚架The tripod 视差parallax 视准轴Collimation axis 水准点Bench mark 水准路线Leveling line 闭合水准路线Alosed level route：A loop level route 附合水准路线A line level route：Annexed level route， 支水准路线An open-ended level route：Spur level route.转点Turning point 闭合差misclosures 闭合差容许误差：Misclosure allowable error 检核check 校正Calibration 自动安平水准仪Autometic level 补偿器compensator 铟瓦水准尺Invar rod 电子水准仪Electronic level条码尺Barcode rod 误差：error 微倾螺旋2. Slightly sloping spiral分划板护罩Partition board shield目镜3. Eyepiece物镜对光螺旋The objective convergence spiral制动螺旋Braking spiral微动螺旋Fine-tune the spiral底板Base8. 三角压板Triangle linking piece9. 脚螺旋Feet spiral：10. Spring cap弹簧冒11. The telescope望远镜12 . Objective 物镜13. Tube level管水准器14 .Round level manometers圆水准器15. Connections small screws：连接小螺丝16. Shaft block：轴座第三章角度测量Angles surveying 水平角Horizontal angle(HA) 竖直角The vertical angle(VA) 光学经纬仪optical theodolite(transit) 照准部Collimation device 望远镜Telescope，竖直度盘vertical dish，vertical circle 水准管Level bubble 读数设备Readings equipment 水平度盘Horizontal dish 测微尺Micro-distance measuring sensor 垂球Plumb bob 对中centering 整平level 光学对中器optical centering device 侧回法Observation set method 方向观测法direction observation method 竖直角指标误差Index error of vertical angle 竖轴The vertical axis VV 水平轴The horizontal axis HH 望远镜视准轴The telescope collimation CC 对中误差Plummet error 目的偏心差Target eccentric error 电子经纬仪Electronic theodolite 第四章 距离测量Distance surveying 直线定向line orientation 钢尺Steel tape 定线Fixing line 视距测量Stadia measurement 电磁波测距仪Electromagnetic rangefinder 微波测距仪Microwave rangefinder 光电测距仪Photoelectric rangefinder 激光测距仪Laser rangefinder 红外测距仪Infrared rangefinder 相位测距仪Phase type rangefinder 脉冲式测距仪Pulsed rangefinder 全反射棱镜Total reflecting prisms 真北方向True north direction 磁北方向Magnetic north direction 坐标北方向Coordinates north direction 方位角Azimuth 真方位角True azimuth (A) 磁方位角Magnetic azimuth(Am) 坐标方位角Grid azimuth() 磁偏角Magnetic declination 子午线收敛角meridian convergence 罗盘compass 第五章全站仪TOTAL STATION 水平制动、微动螺旋Horizontal motion clamp，Horizontal tangent screw 光学对中器Optical plummet telescope 粗瞄镜Sighting collimator 物镜Objective lens 整平脚螺旋Leveling screw 竖直制动、微动螺旋Vertical motion clamp，Vertical tangent screw 目镜Telescope eyepiece 管水准器Plate level 圆水准器Circle level 单棱镜组Single prism system 超站仪(Smart station) Automatic total station ，ultra station instrument 交会测量Resection measurement 放样测量Setting-out survey 对边测量Missing Line Measurement (MLM) 悬高测量Remote Elevation Measurement (REM) 第六章测量平差：Surveying Adjustment 测量误差：surveying errors 系统误差：Systematic error 偶尔误差：random error；accidental error 最或是值：The most probable value 多余观测：Redundant observation 算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means 精度指标：Accuracy index 中误差：Root mean square error (RMSE) 容许误差：Allowable error 相对误差：Relative error 观测值改正数：Observation correction value 误差传播定律：Law of errors propagation 全微分：Total differential 权：Weight 加权平均值：The weighted average （mean）权倒数传播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law 第七章控制测量：Control surveying 碎部测量：detailed surveying 平面控制网:Plane control network 高程控制网:Elevation control network 社区域控制网：Small area control network 控制点：control points 国家控制网：State Control net GPS测量：GPS surveying 导线测量：traverse surveying 三角测量：trigonometric survey 三边测量：trilateral surveying 光电测距仪：photoelectric rangefinder 闭合导线：Closed traverse；附和导线：Connecting traverse；支导线：Open traverse. 野外勘察：Field reconnaissance 坐标方位角：Coordinates azimuth 交会定点：Intersection fixed-point 测边交会：Side-surveying intersection 第八章大比例尺地形图测绘：Topographic Surveying and Mapping in Large Scale 地形:Terrain 地物:Ground feature 地貌:Landscape 比例尺:Scale 依比例符号：Proportional symbols 非比例符号：Disproportional symbols 半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi- Disproportional symbols (Linear symbols ) 地形图图式:map schemata 地貌符号:Landscape symbols 等高线:Contour line 注记符号:Note symbols 等高距:contour interval 等高线平距:contour horizontal distance 山头:Peak 洼地:depressions 示坡线:slope line 山脊:Ridge 与山沟：valley 合水线:Close waterline 分水线:watershed line 鞍部（垭口）:Saddle