英语句子成分与结构.doc

完整版)英语句子成分与结构
英语句子成分及简单句型结构
一、 介绍与其重要性
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

二、 英语句子成分分析解读

找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.          
Twenty years is a short time in history。       
The poor are now living in the shelter。
Seeing is believing。     
To see is to believe。         
He likes dancing。    
What he needs is a book。
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词；
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词（vt。) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语.如： He reached Paris .
不及物动词（vi。 )：不及物动词后不能 直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词.
如： Look！ She is singing。　　　　
Look at me carefully！
类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die， belong, fall, exist, rise， arrive， sit， sail， hurry, fail, succeed。.。
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：
误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题　　
误：depend sb. 正:depend on sb. 依靠（依赖)某人　　
误：insist doing sth。 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door 正：knock on ［at］ the door 敲门
误：operate sb。 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误:participate sth。 正：participate in sth。 参加某事
误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth。 查阅（参考)某物
误:rely sb. / sth。 正：rely on sb。 / sth。 依靠(依赖）
误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信

(四）表语

（八） 同位语
summary

Exercises:分析句子成分
1.Time flies fast。
2.There will be a good meal for us at our aunt's.
3。The rive rose ten feet in the night.
4。I heard him shout。
5He bought some sweets for his son。
6.I prefer my coffee hot。
7.Don't worry about me; just take care of yourself.
8.You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.
9.A lot of noise is going on outside.
10。The little girl can dress herself now.
11。It was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful match。
12。I felt my heart beat rapidly。
13。Do you want to come to the party?
14。We should do something to help the students in difficulties.
15。How long have you worked in the hospital？

三、英语简单句的构成
n 基本句型：主语+系动词+表语（主系表）
n 主语+不及物动词+(其他成分）
n 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾)
n 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
n 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

课堂练习：分析下列句子的句型结构
1。You are a student。
2.He felt happy today.
3.What you said made me happy。
4。Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
5.After he finished his homework， he went away.
6.He likes pop music。
7。I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself。
8。Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend。
课后练习
一、选择题。
1. She tried hard, but she still couldn't make us ________ our mind。
A. to change B。 changed C。 change D. changing
2。 When the old lady is alone in the house， her dog makes her feel ______ and relaxed。
A. healthy B。 lonely C。 safe D。 angry
3. As Edison grew ______, he never lost his interest in science。
A. the elder B. elder C。 the older D。 older
4。 It's not polite to stand by and looked at the old man _____。
 A。 is made fun of B。 being made fun of
C。 is made fun D. being made fun
5。 The old movie reminded them _____ the wonderful time they had spent together.
 A。 to B。 for C. in D. of
6. I’d like to ________ your essay with you when you have time.
 A. go over B. go by C。 go for D。 go after
7. The report showed us very clearly how the plane got _______ and crashed in the end.
A。 into control B。 within control
C. out of control   D。 under control
8. Most of the machines in the workshop __________ next month。
A. are repaired B。 have been repaired
C. were repaired D。 will be repaired
9. When applying for a job， you have to ________ a resume。
A。 get off B。 hand in
C。 put out D. take away
10.The wine ________ a little bitter this time.
A。 tastes B sounds C。 looks D. feels
11。 The boss told his secretary to ________ the documents for later use.
 A。 put away B。 turn on C。 make up D。 break out
12. We should _____ this in mind： Don’t judge a person by his appearance。
 A。 bear B. put C。 place D. print
13。 If I work in a small factory; it is not _________ for me to gain much experience.
 A. weekly B. friendly C. likely D。 lively
14。 The villagers have offered much help to us and we think we should do something for them _____。
 A。 in return B。 in place C. in fashion D. in danger
15。 According to the time table,the train for Beijing ______at 9:10 p。m. from Monday to Friday。
 A。 was leaving B. is leaving C. leaves D. has left
16. __________ is quite difficult for Mary to pass the interview。
 A。 What B. This C。 That D。 It
17。 Mr. Black is looking forward to ______ his Chinese partner soon.
 A。 seeing B。 see C。 be seeing D。 have seen
18。 I tried hard， but I couldn’t find the ________ to the problem。
 A. solution B. help C. reply D. demand
19. English， they have to study a second foreign language.
 A。 Except B。 Except for C Beside D。 Besides
20。 She gave up her _______ as a reporter at the age of 25。
 A。 career B. interest C。 life D。 habit
21. This morning when I was walking to my office， I _________ to see an old friend of mine near the office building.
 A. occurred B。 happened C。 managed D settled
22。 _______ writing a letter to the manager， he decided to talk to him in person。
 A。 Due to B. Because of C. As for D. Instead of
 23. It will only take me a minute to get your watch fixed； it will be ready _____.
 A. by the way B. right away
C。 at last D。 in that case
24. As far as I’m concerned， I don’t like _________ in that way。
 A。 to be treated B。 to treat
C。 treated D. treating
25. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _____difficult to succeed in language learning。
 A。 them B。 themselves C。 it D。 itself
26。 Only when we hurried to the airport ______the flight was cancelled.
A. we found B。 did we find
C。 have we found D. we have found
27。 This novel is worth reading， because it gives a detailed description of the historical ________ in 1949。
A。 accidents B. cases C。 events D。 things
28. _______， a friend of Mrs。 Black found the watch she had lost two days before。
A. Especially B. Usually
C。 Generally D. Fortunately
29. The newspaper ____ two people were killed in the accident。
 A。 says B. talks C。 calls D. asks
30。 He said, “I ______ a lot of new words by the end of last year.”
 A。 had already learnt B. would have already learnt
C. have already learnt D. already learnt
31。 She told us briefly about how they succeeded in ________ the new product.
 A。 develop B。 to develop
C. developed D。 developing
32. The father was delighted to hear the child ________ that。
 A。 to say B。 to have said C。 say D. said
33。 It's reported that the police are _________ the area for the criminal。
A. processing B。 searching C。 operating D。 handling
34。 The general manager sat there, _________ to the report from each department。
A. to listen B。 listen
C。 being listened D. listening
35。 The manager showed the new employee _________ to find the supplies。
  A. what B. where
C。 that D. which
36。 No one has been able to prove that fish is __ better for the brain than many other kinds of food。
  A. some B. so C. as D. any
37. Mary found _________ extremely difficult to pass the examination.
 A。 it B。 this C。 that D. What
38。 More and more Chinese people are _____ wildlife conservation and environmental protection。
 A. certain of B。 concerned about C。 capable of D。 crazy about
39. We now know that about ________ all the kinds of seaweed are animals.
 A。 one fourth B。 one fourth of C. one four of D。 the one fourth
40。 Scientists could see many things that most people would ________ to see。
 A. feel B。 fail C。 fall D. fill
41. The nurse took ___ of my blood to test.
 A. an example B。 an instance C. a case D. a sample
42. Large and powerful， the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles 。
 A. high B. higher C. highly D. height
43。 The sales department was required to _______ a plan in three weeks.
 A。 turn up B。 get up C. come up with D. put up with
二、用所给词的正确形式填空:
1. I wondered why the boy often avoided （talk) ___________ with his classmates.
2. Although John was not experienced in business, he did it with (confident) _________________。
3. There was a stranger （stand) _______________ at the door。
4. The main benefit of （work） _________ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad.
5. It is well-known that sports will （strength) ________________ the friendship between nations.
6. It was (luck） __________indeed for Mr。 Fox to have changed his flight and arrived (safe）___________。
7. Mark was a little upset, for the manager didn't allow him （take） _____ __ his holiday the following week.
8. 。 John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair） _________ there.
9. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program _ （transmit） ________________ via satellite。
10. Your hair needs __________________ （cut)。 It is too long.
11. I have no choice but ___________ （wait）.
12. Did you have any difficulty (get） ___________ a visa to Britain?
13. I asked him not （say) _________ anything about our contract until the end of the month.
14. That new film is worth （see) ________ for the second time。
15. She is well—known for her excellent (achieve _______________ in her career。
16. John went to town yesterday and had his computer （repair） _________ there。
17. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program （transmit) ________________ via satellite。
18. Your hair needs __________________ (cut)。 It is too long。
19. I have no choice but ___________ （wait).
20. Did you have any difficulty (get） ___________ a visa to Britain?
21. I asked him not (say) _________ anything about our contract until the end of the month。
22. That new film is worth (see） ________ for the second time。
23. She is well-known for her excellent (achieve） _______________ in her career.
24. Some people do believe that smoking will (certain） ________ cause lung cancer.
25. It is never too late for anyone (learn) ________.
26. As far as I know， Lily can speak English ____________ (fluently) than any other student in her class。
27. His wife was sure he would arrive on time。 This (certain） __________ made her rush to prepare the dinner.
28. Yesterday they received a written (invite） ________ to a dinner from Mr。 Black.
29. The more careful you are， the (well） _________ you will be able to complete the work。
30. I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk） ______with his classmates.
31. I’m going to take the bus ________ (save) money。
32. We have to find new ways to （short） ____________the process of production。
33. The new flexible working time system will enable the （employ） _________ to work more efficiently.
34. The photos of Mars taken by satellites are （clear） __________ than those taken from earth。
35. Going abroad to have a holiday will be an （excite） _________experience for us.
36. It is quite difficult for me （decide) ____________ who should be given the job.
37. The secretary is so efficient that his boss thinks （high) _________of him。
38. The news was made （know) ___________ to the public at last.
39. His efforts to improve the sales of this product have been very (help) _________ .
40. The manager promised (get） _________ me a position in his company。
41. He is asked to (short) _________ his report to one page。
42. He won’t let anyone else (visit) _________ his sister.
43. One can jump (high) _________ on the moon than on the earth.
44. She was not happy because he had kept her (wait） _________ for half an hour。
45. Some young people got _________ （marry) without even telling their parents or other family members.
46. Please remember （lock) _________ the door when you leave.
47. The main benefit of （work） _________ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad.
48. To his mother’s relief， Tom had perfectly recovered from his (ill) _________.
49. When Jenny came to Britain， she had to get used to （drive） _________ on the left。
50. The manager insisted on (treat) ______________ as an ordinary employee.
51. Do you know why people are unwilling（discuss） _________insurance?
52. No student is supposed （spend) _________ so much money in school in a week.
53. (Personal) _________ think， he is a very nice partner ,though you may not agree.
54. Everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without （punish) ____________________ for it。

答案
1—5 CCDDD 6---10 ACDDA
11—15 AACAA 16-20 CAADA
21—25 BDBAC 26—30 BC DAA
31—35 DCBDBD 36—40 DABBB

1.talking 2。confidence 3. Standing 4。working 5.strengthen 6.lucky，safety 7。 to take 8.having
9,。to be mailed 10.foreigner 11.excited 12.helpful
13。disappointed 14。to use 15.sitting 16。repaired
17.transmitted 18。cutting/to be cut 19。to wait
20。in getting 21。 to say 22。seeing 23。achievements
24.certainly 25. to learn 26。more fluently
27。 certainty 28.invitation 29。better 30.talking
31. to save 32. Shorten 33.employees 34。clearer
35。exciting 36。 To decide 37. Highly 38。to be known
39。helpful 40。to get 41。shorten 42。visit 43.higher
44。waiting 45.married 46.to walk 47。working
48.illness 49.driving 50。being treated 51。to discuss
52。to spend 53. Personally 54.being punished