上外课件Unit-11A-第六册英语综合教程外教社.ppt

上外课件Unit 11A 第六册英语综合教程外教社About the AuthorBertrand Arthur William Russell,(1872-1970)British philosopher,logician,mathematician,historian,socialist,pacifist,atheist and social critic.He was a prominent anti-war activist,championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism In 1950,he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature,in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.2020/11/302Text StructureSection 1:Paragraph 1Section 2:Paragraph 2Section 3:Paragraphs 3-4Section 4:Paragraph 5Section 5:Paragraph 62020/11/303Text AnalysisThis is one of the essays in Bertrand Russells Portraits from Memory,which was published in 1956.As indicated at the very beginning,the essay deals with the issue of aging.In a light and humorous style,the author turns this social issue into a personal discussion on two topics:How to keep oneself psychologically young and how to perceive death in ones old age.2020/11/304Paragraph 1 Part 1In spite of the title,this article will really be on how not to grow old,which,at my time of life,is a much more important subject.My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully.Although both my parents died young,I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.My maternal grandfather,it is true,was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven,but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age,and he died of a disease which is now rare,namely,having his head cut off。2020/11/305In spite ofThey persevere in spite of all kinds of difficulties.尽管有各种困难，他们还是坚持下去。The party must stay together in spite of differing opinions.尽管党内有不同意见，但必须团结一致。In spite of difficulties,he succeeded in finishing his task.尽管困难重重，他仍然圆满完成了任务。In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.尽管我们作出了巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。2020/11/306 ancestor(n.)someone from whom you are descended(but usually more remote than a grandparent)Do all languages have a common ancestor人类的语言有共同的祖先吗？The ancestor of modern whales moved into the water about fifty-two million years ago.现代鲸鱼的祖先大约在五千两百万年以前从陆地移民到海洋。Man was evolved from an ancestor that was probably arboreal.人大概是从住在树上的祖先进化而来的.2020/11/307as regardsAs regards the photography,it is still essentially popular in taste and newslike.至于它的摄影，就本质而言还是大众趣味和报道式的。As regards health I have nothing useful to say since I have less experience of illness.有涉及康健方面，我么有太多有用的提议没出国疑问讲，因该我很少得病。Do you have special wishs as regards the food 食物方面你有什么特殊的要求吗2020/11/308maternal1.characteristic of a mother;2.relating to or derived from ones mother;3.relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent;4.related on the mothers sideThe most selfless love is maternal love.人间最无私的爱是母爱。In some tribes,wealth is inherited through the maternal side of a family.在某些部落，财富是按照母系代代相传的。paternal 2020/11/309paternal1.belonging to or inherited from ones father;2.characteristic of a father;3.relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent;4.related on the fathers sideHe was brought up by his paternal aunt.他是由姑姑抚养成人的。In contrast,this fell to 15 per cent for paternal grandparents.相反，做爷爷奶奶的仅有15%的人做到了这一点。2020/11/3010cut off(v.)1.make a break in;2.cease,stop;3.remove by or as if by cutting;4.cut off and stop;5.break a small piece off from;6.remove surgicallyHe cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.他切下一小片面包递给了我。The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.我们的话还没说完，电话接线员就中断了我们的通话。Disease cut Smith off in the best part of life.病魔使风华正茂的史密斯英年早逝。2020/11/3011remote(adj.)1.apart in space;2.very unlikely;3.separate or apart in time;4.inaccessible and sparsely populated;5.far apart in natureIt is a very remote area.这是一个非常偏远的地区。Therefore,the Project Hope is the hope of those remote regions as well as that of the whole nation.因此,希望工程体现的不仅是那些边远地区的希望,也体现了整个国家的希望。2020/11/3012namely(adv.)as followsEvery works contains a unique world created by the artist,namely,the time space of art.每一部作品里都有一个由艺术家创造的“独特的世界”-艺术时空。The economic globalization brings a kind of new region phenomenon,namely global city-regions.经济全球化带来一种新的地域现象，即全球城市区域。The national channel has different authority disposition,namely administrative ruling and civil trial.国家渠道有不同的权力配置,即行政裁决和民事审判。2020/11/3013Paragraph 1 Part 2A great grandmother of mine,who was a friend of Gibbon,lived to the age of ninety-two,and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants.My maternal grandmother,after having nine children who survived,one who died in infancy,and many miscarriages,as soon as she became a widow,devoted herself to womans higher education.She was one of the founders of Girton College,and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women.2020/11/3014GibbonEdward Gibbon(1737 1794)was an English historian and Member of Parliament.His most important work,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788.It is known principally for the quality and irony of its prose,its use of primary sources,and its open denigration of organised religion,though the extent of this is disputed by some critics2020/11/3015remaincontinue in a place,position,or situation;stay the same;He remained in the hospital for a solid month.他在医院里住了整整一个月。Only a bowl and a pair of chopsticks remained on the table.桌子上只剩下一个碗和一双筷子。I havent seen them for ten years.They remain as they were.我十年没见他们了，他们还是从前那样。2020/11/3016terror(n.)1.an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety;2.a person who inspires fear or dread;3.a very troublesome childWar itself is terror.战争本身就是恐怖。The child clung round my neck in terror,and almost strangled me.那个孩子吓得紧紧地抱住我的脖子，差点把我掐死。terrorism,terrorist,terrify,terrible,terrific2020/11/3017descendant(n.)a person considered as descended from some ancestor or race;(adj.)going or coming downHe is a descendant of Queen Victoria.他是维多利亚女王的后裔。She is the first first lady who is the direct descendant of slaves她是第一位成为总统夫人的奴隶后裔。How would you tell a computer to see if someone is a descendant of Ghengis Khan你怎么让计算机明白某个人是不是成吉思汗的后代呢？2020/11/3018infancy(n.)1.the early stage of growth or development;2.the earliest state of immaturityThe industry was still in its infancy.这一产业当时仍处于发展初期。Democracy in Taiwan is still in its infancy.台湾的民主政治仍处于发展初期阶段。From infancy,each child may get his or her own room.一出生，每个孩子都拥有他们自己的房间。2020/11/3019miscarriagen.1.failure of a plan;2.a natural loss of the products of conception失败；误送；流产Julia was expecting,but then she had a miscarriage.茱莉亚怀孕了但后来她流产了。By a miscarriage of justice the wrong man was condemned.由于法庭的错误判决，一个无辜的人被定了罪。One commonly held belief is that coffee can cause low birth weight or miscarriage when consumed by pregnant women.一般人相信怀孕妇女喝咖啡的话会导致新生儿体重过轻或流产。2020/11/3020Paragraph 1 Part 3She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad.She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren.“Good gracious”,she exclaimed,“I have seventy-two grandchildren,and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them,I should have a dismal existence!”“Madre snaturale,”he replied.But speaking as one of the seventy-two,I prefer her recipe.2020/11/3021relatev.1.make a logical or causal connection;2.have to do with or be relevant to;3.give an account of;4.be in a relationship with;5.have or establish a relationship toHe related what he had seen in the theatre他把在剧场中所看到的情况叙述了一遍。I just use my pen and my voice,to relate this history trustily.我谨以我手中的笔与我的声音，忠实地叙述这段历史。2020/11/3022requiredadj.1.necessary for relief or supply;2.required by ruleIs statistical process control required on product产品是否需要统计过程控制？Some courses in college are required while others are optional.大学里有的课程是必修的,有是是选修的.The components listed below are required to perform this scenario.下面列出的组件是执行该方案所必需的。2020/11/3023melancholyn.a feeling of thoughtful sadness;adj.characterized by or causing or expressing sadnessA deep melancholy runs through her poetry.她的诗中贯穿著悲伤的情调。The receipt of her letter threw me into melancholy state.一收到她的来信，我便陷入深深的忧郁中。The prince of melancholy-Hamlet.He represents philosophy.忧郁王子，哈姆雷特。象徵的是哲学。2020/11/3024exclaimv.1.utter aloud;often with surprise,horror,or joy;2.state or announceShe exclaimed that she was innocent.她大声呼喊她是无辜的。She exclaim in astonishment at the size of the bill.她看到帐单上的数目吓得叫起来。The spokesman exclaimed that the government had taken control of the situation.发言人声称政府已经控制了局势。2020/11/3025dismaladj.causing dejectionThe poet said to me in a dismal strain.诗人以一种忧郁的语调向我娓娓道来。Sickness or bad luck often makes a person feel dismal.疾病或者倒霉通常都会令一个人感到低落。He felt dismal after reading a piece of bad news in the newspaper.他读了报上的一条不好的消息后心情忧郁。2020/11/3026recipen.directions for making somethingHoney can substitute for sugar in this recipe.在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。What is your recipe for success你取得成功有什麽窍门Can excuse me this kind of recipe cure really myopia请问这种配方真的能治好近视眼吗2020/11/3027Paragraph 1 Part 4After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep,so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m.in reading popular science.I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old.This,I think,is proper recipe for remaining young.If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective,you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived,still less of the probable brevity of you future.2020/11/3028habituallyadv.1.according to routine or established practice;2.according to habit or customThe hairdresser habitually hang the hairdryer on the hanger.理发师习惯性地将吹风挂到挂钩上。Many business men habitually have lunch in a pub near their office.一些商人习惯性地在办公室附近的酒吧里吃午餐。As a rule,men habitually use only a small part of the powers which they actually posses.一般而言，人们通常只使用他们实际拥有精力的一小部分。2020/11/3029statisticaladj.of or relating to statisticsThe premium rates are fixed on the basis of the past statistical loss figures.保险费率是根据以往货物损失的统计数字为基础确定的。statistics:(n.)a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters 统计；统计学；统计资料The WHO this week also released its world health statistics report for 2008.世界卫生组织在本周也发布了2008年世界卫生统计报告。2020/11/3030brevityn.1.the use of brief expressions;2.the attribute of being brief or fleetingBrevity is in writing what charity is to all other virtues.简洁之于写作犹如宽恕之于所有其他美德。Do not sacrifice accuracy for the sake of brevity.不要一味只求简练而牺牲了准确性The brevity of the concert disappointed the audience.音乐会开得很短,这“使”观众感到“失望”。2020/11/3031Paragraph 2As regards health I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness.I eat and drink whatever I like,and sleep when I cannot keep awake.I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health,though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.2020/11/3032whateverone or some or every or all without specificationWhatever it is,you can tell me.不管是什么,你都可以告诉我.You can buy whatever you need if you have enough money.如果你有足够的钱,你能买你需要的任何东西.So whatever you wish that others would do to you,do also to them所以，无论何事，你们愿意人怎样待你们，你们也要怎样待人2020/11/3033on the ground thatHe said that he didnt fire John on the ground that he had contracted AIDs.他说他解雇了约翰并不是因为他发现了他患有艾滋病这一事实。John excused himself for his low grades on the ground that the teacher didnt like him.约翰为自己成绩低辩解，其理由是老师不喜欢他。The poor man was sentenced to be imprisoned for life on the ground that he had stolen bread from a store.这个穷人被宣判终身监禁，理由是他偷了一家商店中的面包。2020/11/3034wholesomeadj.1.conducive to or characteristic of physical or moral well-being;2.sound or exhibiting soundness in body or mindIt is our duty to make life wholesome and useful for ourselves and others.令生命于自身和他人都更完美、更有所作为，是我们的责任。If you believe the doctors,nothing is wholesome;if you believe the soldiers,nothing is safe.在医生眼里没有什么是健康的，在士兵眼里没有什么是安全的。2020/11/3035Paragraph 3Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.One of these is undue absorption in the past.It does not do to live in memories,in regrets for the good old days,or in sadness about friends who are dead.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future and to things about which there is something to be done.This is not always easy:ones own past is gradually increasing weight.It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are,and ones mind keener.If this is true it should be forgotten,and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.2020/11/3036guard againstCheck your work thoroughly in order to guard against mistakes.彻底检查你的工作，以防出错。We should guard against arrogance and conceit.我们应防止骄傲自满的情绪滋长。Wise negotiators must be on guard against both conditions.聪明的谈判者必须提防这两种情形。We are trying to guard against inflation and also to guard against a further slide into deflation我们正设法防止通货膨胀，同时也在设法防止通缩2020/11/3037undueadj.1.not yet payable;2.not appropriate or proper(or even legal)in the circumstances;3.lacking justification or authorization;4.beyond normal limits过度的，过分的；不适当的；未到期的He showed undue concern over her.他对她表现出过分的关心。Dont cause yourself undue stress before a big interview.不要在一次重大的面试之前引起自己不必要的紧张。2020/11/3038absorptionthe process of absorbing;the mental state of being preoccupied by somethingWhich kinds of vitamin can promote calcic absorption哪种维生素可以促进钙的吸收？You will then need to force yourself continually to emerge from this self-absorption.这个时候，就需要不断地强迫自己从自我专注中跳出来了。The aging phenomenon coincided with oxygen absorption.老化现象与氧的吸收密切相关。2020/11/3039It does not do to.It does not do to dwell on dreams,Harry,and forget to live.人不能活在梦里，哈利,而忘记了生活.It does not do to repress negative thoughts,such as fears,angers,or resentment.“压制负面的思想，比如恐惧、愤怒或怨恨是没有用的。It does not do to rely on memory for these things.对这些事光凭记忆是不行的。2020/11/3040directed toNow the new money must be directed to developing countries,especially in eastern Europe.现在新筹集的资金必须投向发展中国家，特别是东欧。There hell deliver a major speech directed to the Muslim world.那里他将向穆斯林世界发表一个重要的的演讲。By clicking on a school name,you will be directed to the schools homepage.点选学校校名，可连结至该校网站。2020/11/3041教学资料资料仅供参考