Chinese-traditional-arts.ppt

Chinese traditional arts1.chinese paper cut2.3.Beijing opera 4.5.6.Root Carving（根雕）（根雕）7.Root carving is a traditional art in China.Integrating ingenuity and craftiness,root carving not only employs ways of expressions similar to wood carvings,sculptures and stone carvings,but also demonstrates the unique features of root carving by absorbing the techniques exhibited in the creation of other carving arts.8.History China has a long history of root carving:Primitive people began to make effigies out of wood for ornaments.In 1982,when cleaning the No 1 tomb of the Chu state excavated in Mashan,a local museum employee in Jingzhou County,Hubei Province discovered a root carving believed to have been made between 340 and 270BC in the late Warring States Period-2,300 years ago.It featured a four-legged animal with a tigers head,a dragons body and a rabbits tail;its manner was full of verve and simple and elegant in hue.By the Sui and Tang dynasties,root art was very prosperous.Records from The Biography of Li Mi present a root carving entitled Dragon-shaped Claw made from a crude tree root for the emperor.Root carving artwork from the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),such as the Phoenix and Jade Dragon have been on display in Yuyuan in Shanghai until today.These works thoroughly exhibit the verves of root carving.9.10.Types 1.Applied root carving.Root carvings of this type have a practical utility as well as ornamental value.Some common examples include home accessories,such as chairs,stoolstea tables,sofas,screens,flower shelves,and some stationeries,including brush shelves,ink slabs,etc.2.Ornamental root carving.This kind of carving is primarily for decoration purposes and accounts for a large proportion of root carvings.Based on their respective shapes,they can be further classified into many types,such as root carvings featuring characters,animals,flowers,etc.3.Aesthetic root carving.This refers to root carvings that cannot be named easily;they are also called nameless root carvings.11.12.13.14.Chinese ceramics（陶瓷）15.Chinese ceramic ware is an artform that has been developing since the dynastic periods.China is richly endowed with the raw materials needed for making ceramics.The first types of ceramics were made about 11,000 years ago,during the Palaeolithic era.Chinese Ceramics range from construction materials such as bricks and tiles,to hand-built pottery vessels fired in bonfires or kilns,to the sophisticated porcelain wares made for the imperial court.16.Terminology and categoriesPorcelain it is a collective term comprising all ceramic ware that is white and translucent,no matter what ingredients are used to make it or to what use it is put.1 The Chinese tradition recognizes two primary categories of ceramics,high-firedclarification needed c 瓷瓷 and low-firedclarification needed to 陶陶.2 The oldest Chinese dictionaries define porcelain c 瓷瓷 as fine,compact pottery to 陶陶.3 Chinese ceramic wares can also classified as being either northern or southern.Present-day China comprises two separate and geologically different land masses,brought together by the action of continental drift and forming a junction that lies between the Yellow river and the Yangtze river.The contrasting geology of the north and south led to differences in the raw materials available for making ceramics.17.Technical DevelopmentsIn the context of Chinese ceramics the term porcelain lacks a universally accepted definition.This in turn has led to confusion about when the first Chinese porcelain was made.Claims have been made for the late Eastern Han period(100 to 200 AD),the Three Kingdoms period(220 to 280 AD),the Six Dynasties period(220 to 589 AD),and the Tang Dynasty(618 to 906 AD).18.Blue and white porcelain（青花瓷）19.Blue and white wares(in Chinese 青花青花 qng-hu,literally Blue flowers)designate white pottery and porcelain decorated under the glaze with a blue pigment,generally cobalt oxide.The decoration is commonly applied by hand,by stencilling or by transfer-printing,though other methods of application have also been used.20.OriginThe very technique of cobalt blue decorations on white background seems to have been invented in the Middle-East in the 9th century through decorative experimentation on white ware.Cobalt blue pigments were excavated from local mines in central Iran from the 9th century,and then were exported as a raw material to China.The blue-and-white technique was fully developed in China with porcelain technology in the 14th century。On some occasions,Chinese blue and white wears also incorporated Islamic designs,as in the case of some Mamluk brass works which were converted into blue and white Chinese porcelain designs.The first Chinese blue and white wares were as early as the ninth century in Henan province,China;although only shards have been discovered.Tang period blue-and-white is even rarer than Song blue-and-white and was unknown before 1985.The Tang pieces are not porcelain however,but rather earthenwares with greenish white slip,using cobalt blue pigments which probably originated in the Middle-East21.Influences on European porcelainsMing dynasty blue-and-white plate,16th century(Topkapi Museum,Istanbul)By the beginning of the 17th century Chinese blue and white porcelain was being exported directly to Europe.In the 17th and 18th centuries,Oriental blue and white porcelain was highly prized in Europe and America and sometimes enhanced by fine silver and gold mounts,it was collected by kings and princes.22.Dutch Delftware depicting Chinese scenes,18th century.Musee Ernest Cognacq.The European manufacture of porcelain started at Meissen in Germany in 1707.The early wares were strongly influenced by Chinese and other Oriental porcelains and an early pattern was blue onion,which is still in production at the Meissen factory today.Early English porcelain wares were also influenced by Chinese wares and when,for example,the production of porcelain started at Worcester,nearly forty years after Meissen,Oriental blue and white wares provided the inspiration for much of the decoration used.Hand-painted and transfer-printed wares were made at Worcester and at other early English factories in a style known as Chinoiserie.Many other European factories followed this trend.At Delft,in The Netherlands,blue and white ceramics taking their designs from Chinese export porcelains made for the Dutch market were made in large numbers throughout the 17th Century.Blue and white Delftware was itself extensively copied by factories in other European countries,including England,where it is known as English Delftware23.Other chinese traditional arts24.FragranceBag(香包)25.Powder man（面人）26.Suger arts27.Embroidery（刺绣）28.Thank you29.