小升初英语介词专项.doc

介词
一．定义。
介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。

二．分类
介词按结构大致分为以下三类：
1.简单介词（Simple Prepositions） 如：about，at，by，under，of，over..
2.符合介词（Compound Prepositions） 如：inside，into，outside，without
3.短语介词（Phrasal Prepositions） 如： in front of，because of，according to，

三．用法

at
①表示时刻： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。
②表示在某一具体地点（小地点）： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。
③表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。
④用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后
at the same time 同时 at first 开始时
not at all 一点也不

about
①表示大约时间： It’s about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。
②表示地点；在……周围： Everything about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。
③关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。
④用于某些固定搭配：talk about 谈论 think about考虑 what/how about 怎么样

after
①在……之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。
②在……后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。

behind
①在……之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车
②比……晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了

by
①在……旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。
②到……时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。
③以……方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。
④用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句

for
①为，给，替： I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。
②由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。
③表示给（某人）用的： There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。
④用于某些固定搭配： be good for 对.....有好处 be bad for 对....有害
Thank you for......感谢 be late for 迟到 look for 寻找

in
①在……里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。
②在一段时间里： We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。
③用，以： What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说？
④在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表示状态，服饰 Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。
⑥在……方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。
⑦用于某些固定搭配： in front of 在……前面 in the end 最后 in time 及时
in bed 卧床 in the sun 阳光下 in class 课上 in English用英语

like
①像……样： He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。
②这样，那样： Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
③怎样： What's the weather like? 天气怎样。
④用于某些固定搭配：look like 看起来像 sound like听起来像

near
靠近，在……附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。

of
①的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。
②……的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
③表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京
④想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。
⑤用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为，由于

on
①在……上面： There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。
②在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）：
They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。
I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。
③用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time 准时

over
①在……正上方： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。
②遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。
③超过，不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。

to
①到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。
②表示时间、数量，到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.
③向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。
④用于某些固定搭配： from....to....从.....到..... too....to....太.....不能.....

under
What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？

with
①和： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？
②表示伴随状态，带有： Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？

三、 介词的固定搭配
1)介词和名词的连用 2)动词和介词的连用 3)形容词和介词连用

at
arrive at/in 到达=get to=reach
at first 起初；开始 at dinner 在吃晚饭
at last 最后 at night 在深夜
at school 在上学 at home 在家；无拘束
laugh at 嘲笑 at present 现在
at work 上班，在工作 look at 看....
be good at 擅长..... at once立刻
on
get off/on 上/下车 on one’s way home 在我回家路上
on duty 值日 turn on/off 打开/关掉
on holiday 度假 on time 准时
on the left/right 在左/右边 on the radio 在广播中
on foot 步行 on sale 出售；降价出售
put on 穿上 on the farm 在农场
on TV 在电视上播放 on the phone 在电话中
in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 in class 在课堂上
in English 用英语 in bed 卧床
in hospital 住院 in the middle 在中间
in the day 在白天 do well in 擅长
in the sun 在阳光下
for
wait for 等待 be late for 在
look for 寻找 Thank you for 感谢
be good/bad for 对.....有益/有害 what’s for lunch? 午饭吃什么？
with
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人...... be busy with 忙于......
see with our eyes 用眼睛看 write with a pen 用钢笔写
be strict with 对.....要求严格 talk with 和....谈论

4）其他
look like 看起来象...... hear from 收到....来信
learn from 向.....学习 turn up/down 调大/小音量
listen to 听...... get up 起床
too.....to....太....不能....
实战演练
一．选择填空，并把其字母编号写在括号内。
( ) 1. It’s time ______ supper.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( ) 2. It’s no time ______ school. It’s time ______ go back home.
A. to, for B. to, to C. for, to
( ) 3. Mr Brown comes ______ America.
A. at B. from C. in D. to
( ) 4. What’s this _____ English?
A. in B. at C. on D. under
( ) 5. Sometimes I go to school _____ foot.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
( ) 6. Count （数）_____ one _____ ten.
A. from, by B. from, to C. to, to D. at, to
( ) 7.My sister is looking ____ her new shoes now.
A. at B. after C. for D. to
( ) 8. It’s cold outside. Please _____ your warm clothes.
A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up
( ) 9. The classroom is quite different _____ that one.
A. of B. from C. with D. like
( ) 10. A: Do many children in our class often skate ________ winter?
B: Yes, they usually have fun _______ winter.
A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at
( ) 11. A: Does the autumn start _________ August?
B; Sometimes it does. But usually it starts _______ September.
A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at
( ) 12. I usually play table tennis ________ school.
A. after B. when C. by
( )13. I like summer. Is it cool ______ autumn? What _______ summer? Oh, it is too hot.
A. in, about on B. on, about on C. in, about in
( ) 14. A: Do you listen to the radio _______ a long time?
B: No, I often listen to it ______________ twenty minutes.
A. for, to B. for, for C. to, for
( ) 15. When is May Day? It’s _______ the first of May.
A. on B. in C. at
( ) 16. They will move to the new school ______ next Monday.
A. on B. in C. /
( ) 17. He always goes to school at 7:00 ______ every day.
A. on B. in C. /
( ) 18. She does her homework ______ half an hour every day.
A. in B. for C. /
二、用所给的介词填空。
in, from, for, with, against, with, on, to, at, of
1. Go straight ahead, the post office is ________ your right.
2. We could buy hamburgers ______ lunch.
3. I help my mother ______ the housework.
4. You can come and have dinner ______ us.
5. I painted a picture _______ horses.
6. Bill is a heavy boy _______ short hair.
7. Adults usually give lucky money to children _______ Spring Festival.
8. It’s a postcard（明信片） __________ the USA.
9 I live _________ the eighth floor.
11. Are you listening ________ me?
12. We usually stay ________ home ______ Saturday afternoon.
13. Shall we meet _______ the gate（大门） _______ the school?
14. Don’t walk _______ the grass.
15. Some children are swimming _______ the river（河）.
三．用适当介词填空
1. Can you see the words written ________ the blackboard? (in, on, by, with)
2. There is a slogan(标语) _______ the wall. (on, in, over, above)
3. _______ the help _______ the teachers, the students have made great progress _______their study. (on, in, of, with)
4. He will be back _______ a minute. ( on, in, for, by)
5. What’s this______(at,on,in)English?
6. Christmas is______(at,on,in)the 25th of December.　　
7.Is there a cat______ (under, behind, in)the door?　
8.The man______(with, on, in)black is Su Hai’s father.
9.He doesn’t do well______ (at,on,in)PE.
10.Look at those birds______ (on,in)the tree.
11.We are going to meet______ (at,on,in)the bus stop_____ (at,on,in)half past ten.
12.Is there a cat______ (under, behind, in)the door?
13.We live______ (at,on,in)a new house now.
14.Does it often rain______ (at,on,in)spring there?
四．判断下列介词用得是否正确，正确的画“√”，错误的画“×”，并将错误的改正过来。（10分）
（ ）1. It’s time to lunch.

（ ）2. It’s hot outside. Please put on your coat.

（ ）3. How about this skirt?

（ ）4. Who’s at duty today?

（ ）5. My father’s birthday is at the lst of June
.
（ ）6. On the street, there are many cars.

（ ）7. I can see lots with tress.

（ ）8. Do you like to play with a yo-yo?

（ ）9. There is a park in the theatre.

（ ）10. In your right, I can see two boys.

五．单项选择。（15分）
（ ）1. —What’s this English
—It’s an apple.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
（ ）2. Lily, can you go shopping me?
A. near B. at C. with D. from
（ ）3. English is spoken America.
A. in B. at C. by D. with
（ ）4. It often rains June.
A. of B. in C. at D. on
（ ）5. They are waiting for a bus the bus stop.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
（ ）6. Hurry up. It’s time class.
A. to B. for C. of D. at
（ ）7. We worked the farm last week.
A. in B. to C. on D. of
（ ）8. He is late school.
A. for B. on C. in D. to

（ ）9. We have sports four the afternoon.
A. at; at B. on;in C. at;in D. on; at
（ ）10. Chang’e I was sent up into space October 24th, 2007.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
（ ）11. I have got a present. It is my mother.
A. from b. for C. to D. of
（ ）12 Do you know the girl red?
A. in B. with C. of D. for
（ ）13. I can see many trees the classroom.
A.in front of B. in the front of
C. in front D. in the front
（ ）14. What’s wrong you?
A. for B. of C. with D. to
（ ）15. Mrs Smith is a teacher English.
A. in B. for C. of D. in
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