整理-美国文学史作家作品.doc

完整word)整理 美国文学史作家作品
American Literature： Writers ＆ Works

9

The Colonial Period
John Smith
William Bradford
John Winthrop
John Cotton
Roger Williams
Cotton Mather
Jonathan Edwards
Anne Bradstreet
Edward Taylor
The Age of Reason and Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Paine
John de Crevecoeur
John Woolman
Philip Freneau
Philis Wheatley
Charles Brockden Brown

The Age of Romanticism
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Edgar Allan Poe
Walt Whitman
Emily Dickinson

The Age of Realism
William Dean Howells
Henry James
Mark Twain
Stephen Crane
Benjamin Frank Norris
Theodore Dreiser
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Jack London
O。 Henry
Upton Sinclair

The Colonial Period
1. John Smith (1580—1631)
The first American writer writing in English
The General History of Virginia (1624） (Pocahontas)
A Description of New England (1614）
A Map of Virginia； With a Description of the Country (1612）
2. William Bradford （1590-1657）
Father of American history
The first governor of the Plymouth Plantation （1620)
History of Plymouth Plantation (1630,1856）
3. John Winthrop （1588-1657）
The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
The writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the colonial period
The History of New England (two volumes, 1825， 1826； 1630 --— 1649 in diary)
Model of Christian Charity (sermon）
4. John Cotton (1584—1652）
The most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans.
5. Roger Williams (1603-1683）
Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue
A puritan dissenter, a staunch fighter for freedom and democracy
The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Cause of Conscience （1644)
A Key into the Language of America
6. Cotton Mather (1663-1728)
An inexhaustible writer, producing more than 500 books on an incredible variety of subjects
The most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans。
A skillful preacher， a great Puritan historian, an eminent theologian, a graduate of Harvard College
The Magnalia Christi America
(The Ecclesiastical History of New England）
7. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)
America’s first systematic philosopher
Contributed to “Great Awakening” （1730s—1740s） and “Transcendentalism”
Forerunner of the American transcendentalism
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God （best and most representative sermon)
The Freedom of the Will （1754) (masterpiece）
The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended （1758)
The Nature of True Virtue (1765)
Images or Shadows of Divine Things
8. Ann Bradstreet (1612-1672）
The first American woman poet
A Puritan poet
The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650）
Contemplations
“To My Dear and Loving Husband”
“The Flesh and the Spirit”
9. Edward Taylor (1642—1729）
The most famous poet in the colonial period
A meditative poet （baroque); A puritan poet
Preparatory Meditations
Huswifery
Upon a Spider Catching a Fly
The Poems of Edward Taylor (1960）

The Age of Reason and Revolution
1. Benjamin Franklin （1706-1790)
One of the Founding Fathers of the USA
Poor Richard's Almanac (1732—1758)
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin/Memoirs
2. Thomas Paine (1737—1809)
Common Sense （January 10， 1776)
The American Crisis (December, 1776）
The Rights of Man
The Age of Reason
Agrarian Justice
3. John de Crevecoeur (1735—1813）
Letters from an American Farmer (1775） （12 letters)
4. John Woolman (1663—1728）
Journal
“Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”
“A Plea for the Poor”
5. Philip Freneau (1752-1832)
Poet of the American Revolution （18th century）
The first American—born poet； Father of American poetry
Established the National Gazette in Philadelphia in 1791 with Thomas Jefferson’s support
The Rising Glory of America
The British Prison Ship （1871）
To the Memory of the Brave Americans (1871）
On the Memorable Victory of John Paul Jones
The Indian Burying Ground
The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi
The Wild Honeysuckle
6. Philis Wheatley (1754—1784)
The first black woman poet in American literature
On Messrs Hussey and Coffin （1770)
Poems on Various Subjects （1773)
7. Charles Brockden Brown
The first important American novelist
Wieland/The Transformation: An American Tale （1798） (first American novel)
Edgar Huntly (1799)
Ormond （1799）
Aurthur Mervyn （1800)

The Age of Romanticism
The Beginning of American Romanticism 1810 ～ 1840
1. Washington Irving （1783 — 1859）
Father of American literature
Father of American short story
The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame
The first prose stylist of American Romanticism
“the American Goldsmith”
The History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty （1809)
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent （1819 - 1820)
“Rip Van Winkle”
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”
The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828)
A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829）
The Alhambra （1832）
Life of Goldsmith
Life of Washington
2. James Fenimore Cooper （1789 - 1851)
The first important American novist.
A master of adventurous narrative and the creator of an American hero—myth
The creator of sea novels and the American frontier novels
The Spy
The Pilot
Leatherstocking Tales (Natty Bumpoo)
“The Pioneers" (1823）
“The Last of the Mohicans” (1826）
“The Prairie” （1827)
“The Pathfinder” （1840）
“The Deerslayer” (1841)
New England Transcendentalism 1830 ~ 1850
3. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)
“Father” of American literature
Spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Nature (1836) (Bible of New England Transcendentalism）
The American Scholar (1837） (America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence）
Divinity School Address (1838)
“The Transcendentalist”
“Self—Reliance”
Representative Man (1850）
English Traits (1856）
The Rhodora (1846)
4. Henry David Thoreau （1817 — 1862）
Civil Disobedience （1849） (Concord jail experience)
Walden/Life in the Woods （Jul. 4， 1845 – Sept。 6， 1847)
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1838）
“A Plea for John Brown”
American Renaissance 1830 ~ 1860
5. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 – 1864)
The most ambivalent writer in American literature history
A master of symbolism
Salem, Massachusetts
Twice-told Tales （1837）
Mosses from an Old Manse （1846)
“Young Goodman Brown” （1835）
“The Minister’s Black Veil”
“The Birthmark”
“Rappaccini's Daughter”
The Scarlet Letter （1850)
The House of the Seven Gables （1851）
The Blithedale Romance (1852)
The Marble Faun (1860)
Fanshawe (1828）
6. Herman Melville （1819 - 1891)
Received recognition until 1920s
Moby Dick/The Wale (1851） (Ishmael, Ahab, Moby Dick)
Typee ： A Peep at Plynesian Life （1846）
Omoo ： A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas （1847)
Mardi ： And a Voyage Thither (1849）
Redburn ： His First Voyage (1849)
White Jacket / The World in a Man-of-War (1850)
Pierre / The Ambiguities (1852)
The Confidence—Man： His Masquerade (1857)
Bartleby the Scrivener （1853）
Benito Cereno (1855）
Billy Budd （1889， 1924）
Clarel (1876）
7 Edgar Allan Poe （1809 – 1849)
Originator and father of detective story
Father of psychoanalytic criticism
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
Fall of the House of the Usher
The Murders in the Rue Morgue （1841）
The Raven （1844）
“Annable Lee"
“To Helen”
“Alone”
“The Tell—Tale Heart”
The Philosophy of Composition （1846)
The Poetic Principle (1850）
8. Walt Whitman (1819 – 1892）
A poet of free verse; Transitional figure
Leaves of Grass （1855 to 1892 nine editions)(12 poems -383 poems）
“Song of Myself" （1855） （1336 lines）
“O Captain! My Captain!”
“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd”
“I Hear America Singing”
9. Emily Dickinson （1830 — 1886)
Of the 1775 poem， only 7 poem were published in her lifetime
The Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955 Thomson H。 Johnson）
“My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close"
“Wild Nights – Wild Nights"
“Death is a Dialogue Between”
“I Reckon When I Count at all”
“Tell all the Truth but tell it Slant”
William Cullen Bryant （1794 – 1878）
“To a Waterfowl" （the most perfect brief poem in the language)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 – 1882)
Post—romanticist
The Song of Hiawatha
Evangeline
Harriet Beecher Stowe
abolitionist
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The Age of Realism (1865 – 1914)
1. William Dean Howells （1837 - 1920)
Champion （arbiter) of literary realism in America
The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885）
Criticism and Fiction (1891）
Their Wedding Journey
A Modern Instance （1882）
The Minister’s Charge
A World of Chance
Annie Kilburn
A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890）
2. Henry James (1843 — 1916)
First modern psychological analyst (Founder of psychological realism） （stream-of-consciousness）
Psychological realist
The American (1877）
Daisy Miller （1878）
The Portrait of a Lady （1881） (Isabel Archer)
The Turn of the Screw （1898)
What Maisie Knew
The Ambassadors （1903)
The Wings of the Dove (1902)
The Golden Bowl (1904)
The Ivory Tower
The Sense of the Past
The American Scene
Madame de Mauves
“The Art of Fiction”
Local Colorism
3. Mark Twain （1835 — 1910）
Samuel Langhorne Clemens
“the true father of our national literature"
Local color; colloquial speech； vernacular language；
“a boy and an old man， but never was he a man”
Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
The Gilded Age （1873)
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （1876)
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884）
Life on the Mississippi （1883）
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889）
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg （1900）
The Mysterious Stranger (1916)
Autobiography （1924）
Innocents Abroad （1869）
Roughing It (1872）
Pudd’nhead Wilson
The Prince and the Pauper (1882)
American Claimant （1892)
Following the Equator
Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy
Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again
The Treaty with China
To the Person Sitting in Darkness
4. Bret Harte （1836 - 1902）
The Luck of Roaring Camp （1868)
The Outcasts of Poker Flat
Hamlin Garland （1860 - 1940）
veritism 真实主义
The Main—Traveled Roads （1891）（collection of six short stories）
Crumbling Idols: Twelve Essays on Art Dealing Chiefly with Literature， Painting and the Drama (1894)
The Country of the Pointed Firs （1896）
Louisa May Alcott
Little Women
Kate Chopin（1850 ——— 1904）
The Awakening
Naturalism
5. Stephen Crane (1871 - 1900)
Pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition
Pioneer in the field of modern poetry （Imagist poetry）
First American naturalist
Maggie： A Girl of the Streets （1893） (first naturalistic novel）
The Black Riders （1895) (poems）
The Red Badge of Courage （1895) （first anti-war novel）
The Blue Hotel
An Experiment in Misery
Open Boat (1897）
The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky （1898)
The Monster
“A Man Said to the Universe”
“A Man Adrift on a Slim Spar”
6. Benjamin Frank Norris （1870 - 1902)
McTeague： A Story of San Francisco （1899)
The Octopus： A Story of California (1901)
The Pit: A Story of Chicago （1903）
The Wolf： A Story of Europe
The Responsibilities of the Novelist （1903）
7. Theodore Dreiser （1871— 1945)
Frank Cowperwood Trilogy of Desire
“the world’s worst great writer”
Sister Carrie （1900) （Hurstwood）
Jennie Gerhardt (1911）
The Genius (1915) (autobiographic)
The Financier (1912）
The Titan (1912）
The Stoic (1947）
An American Tragedy (1925）
The Bulwark (1946)
Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928）
Tragic American (1931)
8. Edwin Arlington Robinson （1860 — 1935）
Man Against the Sky
Richard Cory
Miniver Cheevy
Flammonde
9. Jack London （1876 — 1916）
Darwinian naturalist
The Call of the Wild （1903）
White Fang （1906）
The Sea Wolf (1904)
The Iron Heel
Martin Eden (autobiographic)
The Son of the Wolf (1900）
10. O。 Henry (1862 — 1910）
William Sidney Porter
Imitated French writer De Maupassant
The Gift of the Magi
The Cop and the Anthem
An Unfinished Story
The Furnished Room
The Voice of the City
11. Upton Sinclair (1878 - 1896)
the Muckraking Movement
The Jungle (1906)