高考英语试题分类汇编议论文类完形填空Word版含解析.doc

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
高考英语完形填空【议论文】
【安徽卷】
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __37__ perhaps you are interested in the __38___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __39___ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of __40__, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They __41_ an environment where you can practice under the __42__ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead __43__ lives and learning a language takes __44__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __45__. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46__.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47__,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __49__. And learning is good for the health of your brain too. I’ve also heard people __50__ about the mistakes they make when __51__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never __53__. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be __54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __55__ own language. Good luck!
36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical
37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or
38. A literature B. transport C. Agriculture D. medicine
39. A view B. knowledge C. form D. database
40. A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers
41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide
42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure
43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal
44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place
45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project
46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more
47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired
48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly
49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school
50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel
51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning
52. A. if B. and C. but D. before
53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy
54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed
55. A. their B. his C. our D, your

[定文体抓主旨]：本文是一篇关于学习新语言的议论文。首先要搞清楚学习的原因；然后谈到定期学习更容易成功，贵在坚持，不要怕犯错误，多努力，一定会取得进步的。本篇难度：容易。
[篇章结构]：
段落
关键词
大意推测
第一部分（para.1）
learn a new language; think about ; why; your job or your studies; interested
学习一门新语言，首先考虑为什么学；为工作或者学习；或则只是感兴趣。
第二部分（para.2）
traditional classes; an ideal start; have more success; study regularly; learning to get by
传统的课堂对于学习语言来说是一个理想的开始；如果你定期地学习，你会取得更多的成功；学得说得过去花的时间不长。
第三部分（para.3）
start learning; soon give up; can learn a language; good for the health; the mistakes; relax and laugh; less likely to make them
有人开始学习之后不久就放弃；你可以在任何年龄学习一门语言；学习对你大脑的健康有好处；犯错误没关系，放松并自我解嘲，以后不太可能再犯。
第四部分（para.4）
some work and devotion; make progress; positive reaction; just a few words
付出一些努力和投入，你会取得进步的；只需说几个外语词汇，人们就会有积极的反应。

[解析]：
36． C。 根据下文暗示解题。根据下文such as your job or your studies可知是实用的（practical）理由。其余三选项分别意为：技术的；政治的；身体的，物理的。
37．D。 把握句间的逻辑关系。此句与前句同为第一句所提到的关于学习一种新语言的原因，两者之间为选择关系，故选or。
38．A。 利用词汇间的逻辑关系解题。四个选项中，与语言学习关系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A选项literature（文学）。其余三个选项分别意为：交通；农业；医药。
39．B。 考查固定结构。have a good knowledge of something意为：精通，掌握，对…很熟悉。
40．C。 根据上下文语境解题。句意：大部分人通过各种各样的方法（methods）学得最好，但是传统课堂对许多人来说是个理想的开始。
41．D。 根据上下文语境解题。传统的课堂提供（provide）一个环境，在其中你可以在某个擅长于这种语言的人的指导（guidance）下练习。前三个选项分别意为：保护；改变；尊重，均不符合语境。
42．C。 参见上题解析。其余三个选项分别意为：控制；命令；压力，均不符合语境。
43．A。 根据句内的逻辑关系解题。我们都过着忙碌的（busy）生活并且学习一门语言需要时间。其余三个选项分别意为：快乐的；简单的；正常的，均不符合语境，
44．B。 根据生活常识及语境解题。学习一门语言当然需要花费时间（time）。其余三项和take搭配分别意为：鼓起勇气；消耗能量；发生。
45．C。 根据词汇复现解题。前面有“regularly（定期地）”,可知选routine（常规，惯例）。
46．B。 根据句间的逻辑关系解题。根据前面的take years（花很多年时间）和but（转折关系），可知选a lot less（花的时间少得多）。
47． A。 根据上下文语境解题。根据下文的“Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults”可知，有些人觉得自己太老（old）了。其余三项分别意为：紧张；虚弱；疲劳，均不符合语境。
48． B。根据生活常识解题。一般来说，小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快（quickly）。
49. A。根据句间的逻辑关系解题。前面说小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快，后面but转折说研究表明你可以在任何年龄（age）学习语言。其余三个选项分别为：速度；距离；学校，均不符合题意。
50． A。 根据下文暗示解题。下句出现了“Well, relax and laugh”，可知人们担心（worry about）他们犯的错误。
51．D。 利用原词复现解题。前面反复出现learn、learning，可知此处选D。其余三个选项分别意为：唱歌；工作；讨价还价，均不符合语境。
52．B。 考查固定句型：祈使句+ and…。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的错误，这样你就不太可能再次犯这些错误。两句间为顺承关系。
53． D。 根据下文暗示解题。根据下文“But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress”可知，学习一门新的语言从来都不容易（easy）。其余三项分别意为：令人厌烦的；困难的，努力的，坚硬的；有趣的，均不符合题意。
54． B。 根据句内逻辑关系解题。根据后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只说几句话，人们就与积极的反应，因此会amazed（惊奇的）。其余三项分别意为：被责备；被打断；被告知，均不符合题意。
55．A。 根据句内逻辑关系解题。前面说“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是说一些他们（their）自己的语言的词汇。
【上海卷】
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up their markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. Home some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries wilt from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually. 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about Globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.

50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D easy
51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population
52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D owing
53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase
54. A. doubt B. define C advocate D. ignore
55. A. In addition B. For instance C. in other words D. All in all
56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign
57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening
58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn
59. A. Furthermore B. therefore C. However D. Otherwise
60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise
61. A. trouble B. business C power D. mind
62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out
63 A. taking off B. getting alone C. holding out D. turning back
64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge
Section A
[定文体抓主旨]本文是一篇议论文，先提出问题：全球化经济化到底有益吗？然后列出了两种相反的观点，最后总结。本文设题相当巧妙，基本上所有的空都是根据上下文联系才能找到答案，突出了语篇概念。
[篇章结构]：
段落
关键词
大意推测
第一部分（para.1）
opened up their markets
Is economic globalization good for all?
提出问题：开放市场；全国化对所有人有好处吗？
第二部分（para.2--4）
supporters; reduce poverty; Critics take a different view
主体部分：支持者认为它可以减少贫穷；批评者持相反的观点
第三部分（para.5）
an interconnected world； create a kind of globalization
结论：这是一个互相联系的世界，全球化对所有人有利。

50. 答案：C
解析：第一段是主旨段，由第二段句首的…has helped reduce…、第三段句首的…will benefit from…可知这是讲经济全球化的好处，结合第四段句首的Critics take a different view可知这讲弊端，最后一段照应首段，尤其末段的…for the benefit of all。由此可见这句句意：经济全球化对所有人有好处吗？
51. 答案：B。
解析：由后句的increased wealth可知本句说的是经济全球化增加了财富，也就是减少了贫穷现象。
52. 答案：A
解析：句意为：它引用了一项研究，该研究显示了在24个发展中国家，由于将当地经济融合进世界经济中，增长的财富促进了教育的改进和寿命的延长。contribute to促进；导致。respond to对……作出回应；turn to求助于；owing to由于。
53. 答案：D
解析：由前句所说的财富的增加，这里应该是收入的增长。
54. 答案：C
解析：由本句中的will benefit from…可知这是说全国化经济的好处。句意为：赞成全球化的人说发展中国家的经济将受益于小型和本国企业得到的新机遇。
55. 答案：B
解析：前句笼统说到home-based businesses，本句说到巴西的农民，可见这是举例论证前面的论点。考生记住：“主题句+支撑句”是英语议论文常规模式。
56. 答案：C
解析：由本句中的now …worldwide可见这是进行了今昔对比，现在在全球市场内销售，那么过去只能在本地的露天市场。
57. 答案：D
解析：由后句中的…the poor…have been left behind.可知贫富差距在扩大，故widen（扩大）合适。find找到；explore开发；bridge弥合。
58. 答案：B
解析：本句是说只有一部分发展中国家实际上受益于融合进世界经济，根据后面的the poor, unskilled…可知这是对比。解题关键是抓住only一词。
59. 答案：A
解析：前面说全球化会导致贫富差距扩大，然后又说全球化会威胁新出现的市场。可见这是一种递进关系。furthermore而且；therefore因此；however但是；otherwise否则。
60. 答案：C
解析：本句是说受益于全球化经济的印度手工业者们本来会出口产品，现在很快就会面临激烈的竞争。这里的soon就暗示了前后是一个对比关系。
61. 答案：B
解析：本句前面说面临激烈的竞争，然后说竞争会让他们实业。out of business实业；out of trouble摆脱麻烦；out of power丧失权力的；out of mind心不在焉，忘却。
62. 答案：A
解析：本句是说像沃尔玛等大型超市的到来，这些小企业将无能维持下去并将被排挤出局。尤其要注意and后的be crowded out，所填的词应该和它是并列关系。
63. 答案：D
解析：结合下句所说：科技的进步和更加开放的政策的结合已经创造了一个相互联系的世界。故可推断本句以为全球化不可逆转，即没有回头路。turn back回头，符合句意。
64. 答案：D
解析：文章综合了对全球化的不同观点，最后说到目前的难题是找到一个可行的方法。agreement协议；prediction预测；outcome结果；challenge挑战，难题。