跨文化视角下浅谈新闻新词的翻译毕业论文.doc

本科生毕业论文
跨文化视角下浅谈新闻新词的翻译

院 系 外国语学院　　
专 业 英语（教育方向）
班 级 07级教本2班
学 号 0401070232
学 生 姓 名 　　 虎云霞　　
联 系 方 式 　 13513741602
指 导 教 师 　陈瑞玲 　　职称 　助教　

2011 年 5 月

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Primary Study on The Translation of News Neologism From The Cross-cultural Perspective

A Thesis Submitted
to School of Foreign Languages,
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

By

Supervisor：

May 10, 2011

Acknowledgement

I am greatly indebted to many people who constantly help me on the way of writing this paper.
First of all, I greatly owe profound debt of gratitude to my supervisor Chen Ruiling for her invaluable advice, warm encouragement and earnest modification. She has greatly contributed to the development of my paper in her special ways. And I sincerely appreciate her patience and understanding during her supervision. Without her encouragement, valuable advice and constructive suggestions, the completion of this thesis would have been impossible.
Besides, I would like to express my gratitude to my friend Wan xiaorui in the School Library who has helped me find the reference books. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest thanks to my family for their endless encouragement and affection. I would firstly express my heartfelt thanks to my parents. It is their diligence and hard work that have earned me the tuition and opportunity for my four years’ study in College. Besides, my brother, sister and my intimate friend Crystal Wang have given me continuous encouragement and support. Without them I could not have moved forward, dealt with the difficulties and achieved what I have today.
III

摘要

语言像镜子一样反射社会生活中的种种变化，词语是语言中最活跃的组成部分。新元素不断出现，比如：新发现、新发明、新现象、新思想，这些新元素给语言增加了不少新成员。新闻不断向世人传播着这些新事物新思想，一些新词不断被人们所认识、所熟悉。由于不同民族社会文化不同，不同语言中的新闻新词也蕴含着不一样的文化内涵。新闻翻译是一种独特的跨文化交流，好的翻译不仅可以达到好的传播效果，而且有助于本国更好的融入全球化。本文首先对新闻新词的构词和特点作了分析，然后结合最近出现的新词阐释了新闻新词的文化内涵，最后给出了一些行之有效的翻译策略和建议。
关键词：新闻新词，跨文化，翻译策略

Abstract
Language like a mirror, it can reflect every change of the society. Words are the most active component of language. Everything new in the society, such as new discoveries, inventions, phenomena, processes and concepts, all may increase the number of neologism. Nowadays news serves as an important way through which people get to know and familiar with new words and eventually begins to use them themselves. News neologism has a close relationship with the society and its culture, which unexceptionally influence the formation and development of a neologism. In other terms, neologisms can reflect the national social beliefs, customs, system, culture and mentality. As for the translation of news neologism, it plays an important role for people to keep to keep peace with the globalization. The essay firstly discusses the formation of news neologism and its characteristics then studies the cultural connotation of news neologism, at last the author propose some practical translation strategies as well as suggestions for translator. These will help the translators in news neologisms translation; it will improve the communication between countries.
Key Words: news neologisms; cross-culture; translation strategies

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
Table of Contents IV
Introduction 1
Chapter One The Word Formation of News Neologisms and Its Characteristics……………...2
1.1 Definition of Neologism…………………………………………………………………2
1.2 Word Formation of News Neologisms…………………………………………………..3
1.3 Characteristics of News Neologisms…………………………………………………….6
Chapter Two News Neologisms and Culture…………………………………………………...8
2.1Translation and Culture…………………………………………………………………...8
2.2 Cultural connotation in News Neologisms………………………………………………8
2.2.1 Reflection of Historical Culture…………………………………………………….8
2.2.2 Reflection of Technological Development ………………………………………...9
2.2.3 Reflection of Economic Life………………………………………………………..9
2.2.4 Reflection of Cultural Life………………………………………………………….9
Chapter Three The Translation of News Neologisms and Suggestions for Translators………..11
3.1 Features of News Translation…………………………………………………………...11
3.2 Strategies in News Neologism Translation…………………………………………......12
3.3 Suggestions for Translators……………………………………………………………..14
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Conclusion 17
Works Cited 18

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许昌学院本科生毕业论文
Introduction

Nowadays, science and technology developed rapidly, social life become colorful and colorful. In the process of society development, lots of new things come into birth. They represent the direction of society development. In order to reflect these new things, tens of thousands of new words appear. According to statistics, one thousand of new English words come into birth each quarter recent years, so that English becomes the fastest update language in the world (Zhang, 2008: 54). News is the window through which public can learn the world and board their horizon. No one new word can be recognized and familiar by the public without news report. The translation of news neologism not only transfer information to the public but also plays an important role on publicity. To keep pace with the globalization, there are lots of works to do about neologism translation. Grasping the characteristics of news neologisms and its cultural connotation will make the translation of news more effective and more attractive.
This article consists of three chapters besides introduction and conclusion. In chapter one it firstly introduces the definition of neologisms and its formation ways. News neologisms includes newly coined words, words borrowing from other language and old words with new meaning. Then the article studies the characteristics of news neologisms. News neologisms are novelty, high—frequency, they usually appear with affixation or they are represented by a shortened form. In chapter two, the author studies the cultural connotations of news neologism. Every neologism has its own cultural connotation because the beliefs, histories and living surroundings are quite different from country to country. Vocabulary is the most prominent manifestation of cultural differences. Translation is the exchange of two cultures, so the study of news neologisms’ cultural connotation is necessary. News neologisms can reflect one nation’s history, technological development and cultural life. In chapter three some practical strategies and some suggestions are given for the news neologism translation. A conclusion of the whole thesis is given at last, it pointing out the value of studying the translation of news neologism, putting forward some suggestions for the translators.

Chapter One Words Formation of News Neologisms and
Its Characteristic

What kind of words can be called as neologisms? There are lots of studies on neologism in China since the reform and opening-up policy. Making a deep study on words formation of news neologism and its characteristics is significance for translator.
1.1Definition of Neologisms
Everything keeps moving in our daily life. Lots of new discoveries, new thoughts, and new phenomenon appear from all walks of life, so there appear many new words to reflect them in every special period of time. As for the definition of neologism, scholars both at home and aboard have his or her opinion. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, neologism is (1) a new word or a new meaning for an established word; (2) the use of, or the practice of creating, new words or new meaning for established words. While the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English—Chinese Dictionary (extended fourth edition, 1997) explains neologism simply as newly-invented words. Peter Newmark, a British translation theorist, gives a definition in his book A Textbook of Translation (Peter Newmark, 140), Neologisms can be defined as newly coined lexical units or existing lexical units that acquire a new sense.
Scholars in China also give their definitions of neologism:
① Neologism is a sophisticated language phenomenon, neologism can be formed by means of building, borrowing, derivation, affixation, compounding of old words, coining by writers. (Zhang, 2001: 34-35).
② Neologism also called newly created words, are invented to express new things, this concept is comparative and under continuous development. Neologisms in the certain times may be old in other times. It is hard to decide when a neologism begins and when it fades. Only when we set a time point as a reference can we say this is a neologism from that time till now. (Cai and Guo, 104).
According to the definitions of neologism above, we know neologisms includes newly coined terms, words or phrases and old words with new meaning or new usage. It can be formed by compounding, blending, shortening, derivation and analogy. News neologism is dynamic and synchronic. Nowadays mass media plays an important role in our daily life. We get news by reading newspaper, listening to the radio, watching the TV, surfing the internet. The mass media transfer news to people to present new discoveries, new products, news thoughts, new phenomenon. Nothing new can be excluded from the mass media, so news neologisms come into birth and become more and more popular.
1.2 Word Formation of News Neologisms
According to the studies and statics, there are ten thousands of new English words come into birth during 1960’s and 1970’s, but the number only include the words which have been accepted by the public without the words which are too specialized or rare. In recently years the number increases more rapidly. Depending on the study of the ten thousands neologisms, news neologisms can be divided into new coined words, old words with new meaning, words borrowing from other language.
1.2.1 Coinage
Compounded words
Compound means combining or putting two or more words together to make them one word. The meaning of the words interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meaning of the words in isolation. In this way, the illocutions can be expressed effective and clearly, for audience or reader can suppose the meaning of the neologism according to the old words or the backgrounds. Compound words have three written formation: (1) the roots are written together directly, such as, “brainwashing”, “moonwalk”, “spaceport”, “collegespeak”. (2) the roots are combined by using hyphen, for example, a ahead-of schedule general election (the general election ahead of the schedule), flood-retreat cultivation (cultivation after the retreat of a flood). (3) the roots are written isolated, such as, mischievous “distortion” (恶搞), “entertainment gossip” (娱乐八卦), “mortgage slave” (房奴), “grass roots” (草根), “casting couch” (潜规则) and so on.
Blended words
Blended word means a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes. Blended words are used in news report extensively today. First look at the following example, “China’s second manned spacecraft, Shenzhou-6, carrying two astronauts, successfully entered its planned orbit 21 minutes after lefting land on Wednesday morning, Oct 12, 2005.” (Guan, 2006). The term “taikonaut” is used by some English-language news media organizations for professional space travelers from China. The word has featured in the Longman and Oxford English dictionaries, the latter of which describes it as "a hybrid of the Chinese term “taikong” (space) and the Greek “naut” (sailor); the term became more common in 2003 for China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space aboard the Shenzhou5 spacecraft. Other examples, “infonomics” ( information + economics ), “e-cash” (electronic +cash), “McMansion” ( McDonald’s + mansion, 相似的大厦).
Shortened words
Shortening is an important way to create new words, it includes clipping and acronym. Time and space can be saved by shortening, so it is attractive to news report. There are examples formed by clipping, “homo” (homosexuality, 同性恋), “mod” (modem,调制解调器), pro(professional, 专业的), “mecha” (mechanical, 人性的战斗机器人), “newb” (newbie,网络论坛新人) and so on. Acronymy is more frequently used on news report, Margaret Hilda Thatcher usually use “TINA” (there is no alternative, 别无选择), then “TINA” becomes popular and be accepted by the public. If you watch CCTVnews channel, “APEC”, “EXPO”, “DPRK” will be heard frequently. Other examples, “TA” (teaching assistant, 当教学助教), “SME” (small and medium enterprises, 中小型企业), “SOHO” (small office, home office, 小型办公室或家庭办公室), “DINK” (double income, no kids, 丁克).
Derivate
Derivation is the formation of a new word or inflectional stem from another word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix. The derivate word is often of a different word class from the original. It may thus take the inflectional affixes of the new word class. Since Russia launched the first artificial satellite successfully, sputnik appeared, now there are “computernik” (电脑迷), “citynik” (迷恋城市者), “boatnik” (水上人家), “goodwillnik” (捧场者). “Pro-” is also used frequently, for example, “pro-European” (亲欧派的), “pro-family” (以传统的家庭观念反对人工流产合法化), “pro-nuclear” (提倡建造核电站的).
Words formed by analogy
Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of other words. Forming new words by analogy is an active way among word-formation ways in the English language, which contributes to the development and expansion of its vocabulary. We know “blue-collar” and “white-collar” firstly, then there appeared “pink-collar” (典型女性职业工作者), “gray-collar” (维修保养行业工作者), “gold-collar” (高级专业人士), “bright-collar” (电脑及通讯专业人士), ( Xu,75). Man Friday first appeared in Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, now “boy/girl Friday” is frequently used to express effective female or male assistant. More examples, “Obama-Obamacize” (像奥巴马那样去做事), “Obamanomics” (奥巴马经济), according to “sit-in” we have “look-in” (把自己锁在房里以示抗议), “love-in” (颓废青年爱情聚会活动).
Exceptions to rules
In general the majority of the new words are created follow rules, while, some came into birth by some speakers or writers permissively. “Nylongkong” first appeared on The Times, this word means three commercial cities New York, London and Hong Kong. There is a new word “dooce” in America which means someone was fi