定语从句英文解析.pptx

1.u定定义:所所谓定定语从从句句，就就是是在在复复合合句句中中起起定定语作作用用以以修修饰主主句句中中的的名名词或或代代词的的从从句句，又又称称作作形形容容词性性从句从句。u两个重要两个重要概念概念:1.Antecedent(先先行行词)：放放在在定定语从从句句前前，被被定定语从从句句修修饰的的名名词或或代代词叫叫先行先行词词。2.Relative(关关系系词)：用用于于引引导定定语从从句句的的引引导词，通通常常被被放放在在先先行行词和和定定语从从句句之之间起起连接接作作用用，以以表表明明两两者者之之间的的修修饰关系，同关系，同时它它还在定在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。从句中充当一定的句子成分。2.关系关系词关系关系代代词(Relative Pronoun):所所谓关系代关系代词就是指起代就是指起代词作用的关系作用的关系词，它，它们在引在引导定定语从句的同从句的同时，还在在定定语从句中充当主从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，等，英英语中比中比较常用的关系代常用的关系代词有有that,which,who,whom,whose等等。关系副关系副词(Relative Adverb):关系关系副副词就是指起副就是指起副词作用的关系作用的关系词，它它们在引在引导定定语从句的同从句的同时，还在定在定语从句中充当状从句中充当状语等，英等，英语中比中比较常用的常用的关系副关系副词只有三个，即只有三个，即when,where和和why。3.关系关系代代词引引导的定的定语从句从句Is he the man who/that wants to see you?He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.Please pass me the book whose(=of which)cover is green.The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.关关系系代代词的的省省略略：当当关关系系代代词在在定定语从从句句中中用用作作宾语的的时候候。在在定定语从句中能从句中能够用作用作宾语的关系代的关系代词有有that,which,who,whom。4.注注意意:我我们说的的关关系系代代词的的省省略略只只限限于于限限制制性性定定语从从句句，在在非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句中中，即即使使关关系系代代词用用作作宾语也也不不能能省省略略。另另外外，当当关关系系代代词直直接接用用作作介介词后后作作宾语时，此此时也也不不能能省省略略。Eg:I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我我想找到一个可以和我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音和音乐的的人人5.关系关系副副词引引导的定的定语从句从句There comes a time when you have to make a choice.Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?6.关系代关系代词that 和和 which 的用法区的用法区别:只只能能用用that的的情情况况:最最高高级、不不定定代代词、序序数数词、正正是是(very,just)、疑疑（主主句句是是疑疑问句句）、表表（先先行行词在在从从句句中中做做表表语）、人人物物（人人和物同和物同时做先行做先行词）只能只能用用which的的情况情况:1.在介在介词后后 2.引引导非限制性定从句非限制性定从句7.Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read.When we see anything that happen on the island,were so glad.Which is the bike that you lost?The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.Johns dog,which was very old now,became ill and died.8.u分分类:根根据据从从句句与与主主句句的的关关系系是是否否紧密密来来区区分分，定定语从从句句可可分分为限制性定限制性定语从句从句和和非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句两大两大类。限制性限制性定定语从句从句(Restrictive attributive clause)对先先行行词起起修修饰、限限制制或或确确定定的的作作用用，若若去去掉掉，先先行行词的的意意思思就就不不明明确确，它它是是不不可可缺缺少少的的一一部部分分，它它与与先先行行词的的关关系系密密不不可可分分，不不可可用逗号将其分开用逗号将其分开。非非限限制制性性定定语从从句句(Non-restrictive attributive clause):起起补充充说明明作作用用，只只是是附附加加成成分分，缺缺少少也也不不会会影影响响全全句句的的理理解解。在在非非限限制制性性定定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。9.He didnt pass the exam that was too difficult.(限制限制)他没有通他没有通过那个很那个很难的考的考试。He didnt pass the exam,which disappointed me.(非限制非限制)他没有通他没有通过考考试，这令我很失望。令我很失望。This is the house which we bought last month.这是是我我们上个月上个月买的那幢房子。（的那幢房子。（限制性限制性）The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月上个月买的。（的。（非限制性非限制性）10.限制性限制性定定语从句和从句和 非非限制性限制性定定语从句的区从句的区别:1)从从结构构上上来来看看，限限定定性性从从句句不不能能用用逗逗号号与与先先行行词分分开开；而而非非限限定定性性从从句句却却必必须用用逗逗号号分分开开。引引导非限定性从句的关系代非限定性从句的关系代词不能省略不能省略。The clock(that/which)my great-grandfather bought to me is still in good order.The clock，which my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order.2)两种两种形容形容词性从句往往性从句往往赋予同一个先行予同一个先行词以不同的含以不同的含义。My sister who lives in London is a doctor.我住在我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生。敦的妹妹是医生。My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor.我的妹妹是一个医生，她住在我的妹妹是一个医生，她住在伦敦敦。11.3)非非限限定定性性从从句句可可以以把把整整个个主主句句当当作作先先行行词，而而限限定定性性从从句句没没有有这种种功功能能。非非限限定定性性从从句句修修饰整整个个主主句句时，只只能用能用which或或as来引来引导。I said nothing，which made him still more angry.She has married again,as seemed natural.12.值得得注意的特殊定注意的特殊定语从句从句u分裂式定分裂式定语从句从句u强调式定式定语从句从句u混混杂式定式定语从句从句u多重定多重定语从句从句u省略式定省略式定语从句从句13.分裂分裂式定式定语从句从句由由于于先先行行词有有别的的修修饰语,或或者者话语间插插入入了了其其它它成成分分,或或者者为了了强调等等某某种种特特殊殊的的需需要要,定定语从从句句和和它它修修饰的的先先行行词被被分分裂裂开开了了,这种种现象象叫叫做做分分裂裂式定式定语从句。常从句。常见的形式有的形式有:1.被被作作定定语的的介介词短短语分分开开。这是是因因为介介词短短语相相对较短短的的缘故故(在在英英语里里,相相对较短的同短的同类句子成分句子成分应该放在前面放在前面)。Eg:We were honored to meet the chief of an African tribe there,who warmly received and feasted us.我我们荣幸地荣幸地见到了那儿的一个非洲部落酋到了那儿的一个非洲部落酋长,他他热情地接情地接见并款待了我并款待了我们。2.被被谓语分分开开。当当主主句句的的谓语部部分分较短短,而而定定语从从句句又又相相对较长时,为了了保保持句子平衡持句子平衡,避免避免头重脚重脚轻,而将定而将定语从句放到从句放到谓语后面后面。Eg:The professor is sleeping who has just come back from abroad after a long journey.刚刚长途跋涉从海外途跋涉从海外归来的教授正在睡来的教授正在睡觉。14.强调式定式定语从句从句强调式式定定语从从句句指指的的是是It is/was.that/who.结构构。在在这种种结构构中中,先先行行词以以被被强调的的形形式式出出现,定定语从从句句通通常常只只能能用用关关系系词that 或或who引引导,指指人人时,二二者者皆皆可可使使用用;指指事事、物物时通通常常用用that引引导,但但是是当当被被强调者者在在从从句句中中作作主主语、宾语或或者者表表语时,也也可可以以用用which引引导(注意注意,作状作状语时不能用不能用which引引导)。例如。例如It was Chinese who/that made the four great inventions which have brought such great progress to mankind.是中国人是中国人创造了四大造了四大发明明,为人人类带来了如此巨大的来了如此巨大的进步。步。It is happiness instead of money that/which everyone seeks.人人们所追求的是幸福所追求的是幸福,而不是金而不是金钱。It was not until then that I knew we had been deceived.直到那直到那时我才知道我我才知道我们被欺被欺骗了。了。注意注意:被被强调的是主的是主语时,要用人称代要用人称代词的主格形式的主格形式。eg:It was I,not he,that/who am to blame for this.该对此事此事负责的的应该是我是我,而不是他。而不是他。15.混混杂式定式定语从句从句有有时定定语从从句句的的关关系系词与与从从句句中中的的句句子子成成分分之之间会会插插入入“人人称称代代词+think/believe/guess等等”表表猜猜测等等态度度的的句句子子。这种种定定语从从句句被被称称为混混杂式式定定语从从句句。在在学学习英英语和和做做英英语试题时,我我们可可以以把把它它当当作作一一个个插插入成分看待入成分看待,这样处理比理比较容易理解容易理解。eg:That evening some Chongqing people saw something that they thought was a UFO flying across the sky.那天傍晚那天傍晚,一些重一些重庆人看到了他人看到了他们认为是不明是不明飞行物的行物的东西从天空中西从天空中飞过。Many college students have mastered computer,driving and foreign languages,which we all know are the most important things in todays society.很很多多大大学学生生都都掌掌握握了了计算算机机、驾驶和和外外语,我我们都都知知道道这些些在在当当今今社社会会是是非常重要的。非常重要的。16.多重多重定定语从句从句 两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的定定语从从句句同同时修修饰一一个个先先行行词时,这样的的定定语从从句句叫叫做做多多重重定定语从从句句。eg:Tibet is a place where the Tibetan people have been living for generations and which/that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.西藏是西藏人民世代生活的地方西藏是西藏人民世代生活的地方,也是全世界的人都渴望去也是全世界的人都渴望去观光游光游览的地方。的地方。He said he would never forget the moment when he first met Gorky and which he regarded as the happiest in all his life.他他说他永他永远忘不了第一次与高忘不了第一次与高尔基相基相见的那一刻的那一刻,那一刻被他那一刻被他视作人生中最幸福的一刻。作人生中最幸福的一刻。注注意意:多多重重定定语从从句句的的特特点点之之一一是是:即即使使在在从从句句中中作作宾语或或表表语,第第二二个个以以及及之之后后的的所所有有关系关系词都不能省略都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊不清。例如以免引起句意的模糊不清。例如:China is an attractive country which has the largest population,where there are lots of mysterious stories and legends and that many westerners are still not familiar with.中中国国是是一一个个充充满魅魅力力的的国国家家,她她拥有有世世界界上上最最多多的的人人口口,有有许多多神神秘秘的的故故事事和和传说,但但也也是很多西方人是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。不熟悉的国度。17.省略省略式定式定语从句从句在在含含将将来来意意义的的定定语从从句句中中,我我们可可以以省省略略主主语和和谓语的的一一部部分分(主主要要是是情情态动词和和助助动词),而而代代之之以以“介介词+关关系系代代词+不不定定式式”的的形形式式,这叫叫做做省省略略式式定定语从从句句,或或者者叫叫做做定定语从从句句的的省省略略形形式式。例如例如:I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom to improve French.(完完整整句句式式是是:I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom I can improve my French.)我打算交个法国朋友我打算交个法国朋友,从他那儿我可以提高法从他那儿我可以提高法语水平。水平。She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which to buy her family a big flat.(完完整整句句式式是是:She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which she can buy her family a big flat.)她很想从股市她很想从股市赚一大笔一大笔资金金给她的家人她的家人买一套大公寓。一套大公寓。注意注意:此此时主句的主主句的主语必必须与不定式的与不定式的逻辑主主语一致一致,否否则不能改成省略式定不能改成省略式定语从句。例如从句。例如:Stock is a capital with which factories or companies can develop themselves.股票是工厂或者公司用来股票是工厂或者公司用来谋求自身求自身发展的一种本展的一种本钱。这里不能改成省略式定里不能改成省略式定语从句从句,因因为主句和从句的主主句和从句的主语不同不同。18.Exercise1.The museum _ we are going to visit is far form our school.Awhere Bthat Cit DAs2.The buses,_were already full,were surrounded by passengers.Amost of them Bmost of which Cwhich most Dthat most3._everybody knows,China has the largest population in the world.AWhich BThat CAs DThe thing4.Everything _ can be done should be done.Awhich Bthat Call DThat5.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.Athat Bwho Cfrom whom Dto whom 19.6 6.The man will never forget the days _ he spent with Lenin.Awhen Bon which Con that D.that7.The only thing,_ I am not sure is the idiom.Afor which Bof which Cthat DWhich8.The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was injured.Athat,because Bwhy,that Cwhy,because Dthat,that9.You may take anything useful _.Awhich you want Byou want them Cwhat you want Dyou want10.John got beaten in the game,_ had been expected.Awho Bwhat Cthat Das20.11.The day of last year _ we got to know each other led to our marriage later.A.When B.that C.where D.as12.It was at the bottom of the valley _ those children happened to discover the smuggled cultural relics.A.where B.that C.which D.who13.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.A.whose B.as C.what D.that14.She remembered several occasions in the past _she had experienced a similar feeling.A.which B.before C.that D.when15.The physicist has made a discovery,_of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A.I think which is B.that I think is C.which I think is D.I think that is21.Thank you22.