解析机电电子控制技术的发展概况.doc

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解析机电电子控制技术的发展概况
现代科学技术的发展极大地推动了机械工业领域的变革，同时给相关生产产业带来了巨大的影响，提高了生产水平和技术。随着各种技术之间相融合的发展，以计算机电子技术、机械技术为核心的机电控制领域将给工业及科研等领域带来更多的实际应用.
The development of modern science and technology has greatly promoted the changes in the field of mechanical industry， at the same time to the relevant production industry has brought the huge influence, improve the level of production and technology. With the development of various kinds of technology integration, electromechanical control field in computer and electronic technology, mechanical technology as the core will bring more practical applications for Industry and scientific research field.个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途

　　1.1 计算机控制理论的形成与技术的发展
The formation and development of the technology of computer control theory 1。1
　　忽略数字信号的量化效应，可以将计算机控制系统看成采样控制系统，在这一系统中，将其中连续的环节离散化，则整个系统又可看成由不同的离散系统构成。计算机控制理论的发展主要是将采样理论、差分方程、变换理论、状态空间理论和系统辨识自适应控制等理论综合应用到控制技术中，使计算机控制系统有了初步发展.对于结构复杂、时变的非线性系统，控制系统则融入了鲁棒控制、模糊控制、预测控制等多种新型理论，逐步形成了工业过程控制系统的一个新方向。
Ignore the quantization effect of the digital signal， the computer control system as the sampling control system, in this system, which will be a continuous link discretization, the whole system can be regarded as composed of discrete systems with different. Development of computer control theory is mainly the sampling theory, differential equation, transform theory, the state space theory and system identification， adaptive control and comprehensive application of theory to control technology, the computer control system to have the preliminary development。 For the nonlinear system with complicated structure， time-varying, control system is integrated into a variety of robust control， fuzzy control， predictive control and model theory， and gradually formed a new direction of the industrial process control system.文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络
　　自世界第一台电子计算机问世后，计算机首先被用来自动检测化工生产过程的过程参量并进行相关的数据处理,同时也研究了计算机的开环控制。到二十世纪六十年代，出现了用于过程控制的计算机，实现了直接数字控制.后经集中式计算机控制系统发展到现在的以微处理器为核心的分层式控制系统控制，通过计算机对生产过程进行集中监视、操作和管理控制等.伴随着计算机处理器等技术的发展，计算机控制技术也随之发生相应的变革，最终应用到工业生产中并对其产生巨大影响。
Since the advent of the world's first electronic computer, the computer is first used to process parameters automatic detection of chemical process and related data processing, but also research the open—loop control computer。 Until the nineteen sixties, be used for process control computer， the realization of the direct digital control。 After the centralized computer control system to the development of hierarchical microprocessor as the core of the present control system control， on the production process of centralized monitoring, operation and management control by computer。 Along with the development of computer processor technology, computer control technology has changed the corresponding change, finally applied to industrial production and have a great influence on the。个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络
　　1。2 机械和电子控制技术的发展和现状
Development and current situation of 1.2 mechanical and electronic control technology
　　在生产、科研等诸多领域里，有大量的物理量需要按某种变化规律进行控制。在二十世纪三十年代之前，工业生产多处于手工操作的状态。最初采用基地式仪表控制压力温度等在一恒定范围内，初步有了对工业生产的机械控制实践.随着电子技术的迅速发展和计算机控制系统的出现,直接实现了工业生产中各参量和过程的数字控制。计算机的微型化使控制技术更加智能化，同时将机械、电子、计算机技术和控制技术有机结合的机电一体化技术也得到迅猛发展，且越来越被广泛的应用到各生产领域。目前主要形成并应用的机电控制技术主要有PID控制,PID是经典控制理论的代表，它吸收了智能控制思想并利用计算机的优势，形成了自适应PID和非线性PID等更利于控制的变种PID控制器。另外还有模糊控制（FLC）、变结构控制等,均随着计算机领域的发展在不断地拓宽。
In the production, scientific research and many other fields, a large amount of physics should be controlled according to the variation of some. Before the nineteen thirties, industrial production in the manual operation of the state. Initially the base meter control pressure and temperature in a constant range, initially with mechanical control practice of industrial production。 With the rapid development of electronic technology and computer control system, and implement the industrial production parameters and process digital control。 Micro computer control technology, more intelligent, and Mechatronics machinery, electronics, computer technology and control technology organic combination has been the rapid development， and more and more widely applied to all areas of production。 At present the main form and mechanical and electrical control technology mainly includes PID control， PID is representative of the classical control theory, it has absorbed the thought of the intelligence control and use of the computer ’s advantage, forming the adaptive PID and nonlinear PID is more beneficial to the variant of PID controller. In addition to the fuzzy control ( FLC ）， variable structure control， with the field of computer development in the constantly widening.个人收集整理，勿做商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途
　　2 机电一体化的发展及在工业上的广泛应用
The development of the 2 electromechanical integration and application in industry.
　　2。1 机电一体化的简介和生产应用
2。1 introduction and application of Mechatronics
　　机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及计算机软件系统集合起来所构成的系统总称，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、计算机技术、电力电子技术等对各生产领域的控制过程进行监督操作。它主要应用领域有数控机床，羟丙基甲基纤维素通过相应的数控技术，在工业操作上结构、功能、操作精度上都有明显的提高.采用多CPU和多主线的体系结构，丰富了数控功能，也提高了生产效率。
Mechanical and electrical integration refers to the main body function, power function, information processing and control functions, the introduction of the electronic technology, mechanical devices and electronic system design and general computer software system together constitute, supervise the operation process of the integrated use of mechanical technology， microelectronics technology, computer technology， power electronics technology. For each production area. It is mainly applied in CNC machine tools， CNC technology through the corresponding， in the industrial operation of structure, function, operation accuracy is improved obviously. Architecture using CPU and multiple lines, enrich the NC function, but also improves the production efficiency。本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途
　　柔性制造系统的应用是计算机技术和制造系统在机电控制工业的应用,是计算机化的制造系统。它主要由计算机、数控机床、自动化仓库等组成。在工业上,它可以随机地、按量地按照装配部门的要求,塑料土工格栅生产其能力范围内的任何工件,更适用于多品种，小批量等的离散零件的批量生产。
Application of flexible manufacturing system is a computer technology and manufacturing system application in mechanical and electrical control industry， is the manufacture of computerized system。 It is mainly composed of computer， CNC machine tools， automatic warehouse etc。。 In industry, it can be random, quantity according to the assembly department requirements, the production of any work within its capacity， more suitable for multi-variety， small batch and mass production of discrete parts。
　　交流传动技术的发展也是随着电子技术和计算机技术的发展在工业上有了重要的应用，尤其是在钢铁工业中,使复杂的矢量控制技术得以实现，无论是大容量电机还是小容量电机现均可使同步电机或者异步电机实现可逆滑调速。也使交流传动系统在轧钢生产中得到广泛的应用.
Development of AC drive technology is also along with the development of electronic technology and computer technology has important applications in industry, especially in the iron and steel industry, the vector control technology of complex to achieve， whether large or small capacity motor motor can make the synchronous or asynchronous motor reversible sliding speed。 The AC drive system has been widely used in steel rolling production.
　　可编程控制器(PLC）是集计算机技术和自动控制化技术于一体的新型控制系统.这一系统解决了工业控制系统中大量开关控制的问题，逐渐取代了耗能多、故障率高的继电器控制系统。随着PLC技术的进步，其应用领域更是不断扩大，可采集存储数据,还可对控制系统进行监控。PLC能编制各种各样的控制算法程序，完成闭环控制。这种过程控制在冶金、化工、热处理、锅炉控制等场合有非常广泛的应用。此外，随着工厂网络自动化的发展,PLC可实现通信及联网功能，更有助于工业生产的控制过程的监控。如今，PLC技术已经被广泛应用于冶金、石油、化工、建材、机械制造、电力、汽车、轻工、环保以及文化娱乐等各行各业。
Programmable logic controller ( PLC ） is a new control system of computer technology and automatic control technology in one of the。 This system to solve a large number of switch control problem of industrial control system, gradually replaced the energy consumption， high failure rate for the relay control system。 With the development of PLC technology， its application field is constantly expanding， collection of data， but also to monitor and control system. PLC program can prepare a variety of control algorithms， complete closed-loop control。 This kind of process control is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry， where heat treatment， boiler control。 In addition, with the development of manufacturing automation, PLC can realize the communication and networking function, monitoring control process is helpful to the industrial production。 Now, PLC technology has been widely used in metallurgy, petroleum， chemical industry， building materials， machinery manufacturing， automobile， light industry, electric power， environmental protection and cultural entertainment and other industries.本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络
农业方面，机械作业过程中驾驶室内的仪表盘正迅速由电子监视仪表取代并逐步由单一参数显示方式向智能化信息显示终端过渡，以此来改善人机交互界面.这种智能化显示终端又被称为虚拟化仪器显示终端(Virtual Display Terminal）,它代表了当代仪器与控制装置发展的主流方向。它可通过屏幕任意选择显示机组中不同部分的终端信息，在屏幕上按操作者的需求,调用数据库信息，显示数据、图形、语音等多媒体信息。另外,还可以将数据信息动态存入类似信用卡尺寸大小的高密度智能化数据存储卡,将农业作业过程的数据信息通过智能卡带回办公室，由计算机应用高级软件进行处理。也可以将管理者的决策和操作指令通过智能卡传送到拖拉机上的智能控制终端，实现自动控制农机的操作。
Agricultural machinery operation process, dashboard cab is quickly replaced by electronic monitoring instrument and gradually from a single parameter display information to the intelligent display terminal transition, in order to improve the human—computer interaction interface. This intelligent display terminal is also known as the terminal display of virtual instrument （ Virtual Display Terminal ), which represents the mainstream of contemporary instruments and control device。 It can display information in different parts of the unit through the screen of arbitrary choice, on the screen according to the needs， calling database information, data， graphics， voice and other multimedia information. In addition, the data can be dynamic information in high density intelligent data storage similar to credit card size cards， agricultural operation process data through intelligent cards returned to office, processed by the computer application software. Can also be the manager’s decision and operation instruction by intelligent card sent to the intelligent tractor control terminal, to realize the automatic control of agricultural machinery operation。本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络
　　PLC在自动售货机中的应用。自动售货机通过顾客选择商品开关，投入的硬币值由PLC驱动数码管显示,经过光传感器识别，通过判断，进行下一步操作，经过PLC的系统控制和信号输出完成售卖过程。计算机技术和机电自动控制在自动售货机中的这项应用极大方便了人们的生活，也使PLC的应用更加广泛.
Application of PLC in the vending machine。 The vending machine selection switch by customer， investment coin value driven by PLC digital tube display, after a light sensor identification， the judge, the next step, after the system control and signal output PLC to complete the sale process. The application of computer technology and mechanical and electrical automatic control in the vending machine greatly facilitates people's life， and also make PLC application more widely。