国际结算专业词汇.doc

国际结算专业词汇

Acceptance n. 接受，承兑，承认
The act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see Collections Introduction
Acceptance Credit  承兑信用证
A documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptance by the issuing bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits.
Accommodation Bill 融通票据，欠单
In the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a genuine underlying commercial transaction.
Accountee  n. 开证申请人，开证帐户主
Another name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for whose account the transaction is made.
Advice of Fate  出险事故通知
The Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections.
Advising  a. 指导，通知
Act of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent, usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.

Advising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity of the credit (ICC UCC 500 Art 7).
Amendment  n. 修改
Alteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary; the beneficiary has the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs.
Applicant  n. 申请人
One who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer of goods

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Back-to-Back Credit  背对背信用证，转开信用证
A credit issued against the security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding that reimbursement will stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued - see Special DCs. It follows therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods.
Beneficiary  n.  受益人，受款人
A payee or recipient, usually of money.

A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter.
Bill for Collection (BC)  托收票据
Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee.
Bill of Exchange (B/E)  汇票
An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.
Bill of Lading (B/L) 提单
A receipt for goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents.

Bill Receivable (BR)  应收票据
Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable.
Blank Endorsed 空白背书，无记名背书
When a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be blank endorsed. The bill of lading then becomes a bearer instrument and the holder can present it to the shipping company to take delivery of the goods.

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Carrier  n. 运输行，货运商，承运人，货船，运载工具
Person or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping company
Case of Need （票据用语）如有必要，需要时的代理
Agent nominated by a principal, to whom the collecting bank may refer in specified circumstances concerning collections - see the sections on Collections.
Chaser  n. 提示行
Reminder sent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling Import Collections.
Clean  a. 清洁的，未写过的，不附保留条件的
Used to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.

Used to describe a bill of lading without clauses that expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or the packing.
Clean Bill Purchased  购光票
A collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections.
Clean Bill Receivable (CBR) 不附带单据应收票据
BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used for non-trade bills such as travellers cheques.
Clean Collection 光票托收
A draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction?
Clean Import Loan (CIL) 无抵押进口商融资
A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods.
Collection Bank 托收银行
Bank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction.
Collection Order 托收委托书
Form submitted, with documents, to the Remitting/Negotiating Bank by an exporter with his instructions - see Collections ?Introduction.
Confirming  a. 确认的，保证的
Act of a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs.

Consignment  n. 托运，寄售，寄售货物，交付
Shipment of goods.
Consignee n. 承销人，收货人，收件人，信用证申请人
The person/company/bank to whom the goods are delivered - usually the importer or the Collecting Bank - see Handling Import Collections.
Consigner  n. 寄售人，托运人，寄件人
Also called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air.
Contingent Liability  或有负债
A liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC it incurs an obligation to make a future payment on condition that the terms are fully met.

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DC Bills 信用证跟单汇票

Bills drawn under documentary credits.

Deferred Payment Credit (DPC) 延期付款信用证

A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit.

Demurrage n.  延滞费，滞港费，滞留期

A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed.

Discounting  n. 贴现，计算现值

Act of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amount less than the face value.

Discrepancy  n. 不一致，有差异，价差，异议

Any deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented there under, or any inconsistency between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs.

Dishonor   v.  n. 退票，拒兑，拒付

Non-payment or non-acceptance.

Documentary Credit (DC)  跟单信用证，押汇信用证

A conditional undertaking by a bank to make payment, often abbreviated to credit. More precisely, it is a written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a sum of money against presentation of documents complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit.

Documents  n.  文件，单据，证券，记录，货运单据

The characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained and illustrated in Deciding on Documents.

Documents Against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单

Instruction for commercial documents to be released to the drawee on acceptance of the Bill of Exchange - see Collections ?Introduction.

Documents Against Payment (D/P) 付款交单

Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction.

Documents of Title 所有权文件，所有权凭证

Documents that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading.

Draft   n.  v.  汇票，草案，拟定，吃水

Bill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with attached shipping documents - not to be confused with a banker’s draft which is sometimes used as a vehicle for reimbursement.

Drawee   n. 受票人，付款人

Party on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank).

Drawer   n.  出票人，开票人

The exporter, who draws the Bill of Exchange/draft which in itself is a claim for payment.

Due Date  到期日，期满日

Maturity date for payment

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Expiry Date  有效期截止日期，期满日期

Latest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place.

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Financed Bills  金融票据，融通票据

Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has a financial interest.

Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP)  购入外国汇票，购入外国票据

A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - see Financing Export Collections.

Forward Exchange Contract  远期外汇合同，远期外汇契约

Contract between the Bank and its customer to buy/sell a fixed amount of foreign currency at a future date at a specified rate. This could be for a customer to make payment under a DC or to sell the proceeds received from an export negotiation.

Freight   v.  n.  运费，运输，装运，运送的货物

Goods OR the cost of transporting goods.

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General Average 共同海损

Loss which is the result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and its cargo in face of a common danger e.g. jettison of cargo to lighten a ship in distress). The loss is borne proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests in the voyage.

Gross Weight  毛重，总重量

The weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging.

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Import License 进口许可证

A permit issued by the importing country'S authorities in respect of goods subject to import licensing restrictions.

Incoterms 国际贸易术语

Shipping Terms - see Introduction to International Trade.

Indemnity  n.  赔偿，赔偿金，赔偿物，补偿，赔偿保证

Also known as Letter of Guarantee (L/G), it is an undertaking given in respect of discrepancies in documents presented under a credit. The beneficiary who issues the indemnity is primarily liable to repay funds received from the negotiating bank in settlement under the credit, if the negotiating bank cannot obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank as a result of documents being rejected by the applicant.

Inherent Vice  （货物的）固有缺陷

The propensity of a commodity to self-destruction which gives rise to a high insurance risk, therefore cover is given only after payment of an additional premium (e.g. fruit rots, coal-dust spontaneously ignites).

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)  国际商会

The international body which promotes and facilitates world trade, and which codifies world trade practices in various publications - see ICC Rules?under Introduction to International Trade.

Irrevocable Credit 不可撤销信用证

Constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any, to honour the credit provided the terms of the credit are observed. It may be advised to the beneficiary without engagement by the advising bank, and cannot be amended or cancelled unless the issuing bank, the confirming bank and the beneficiary agree.

Issuing Bank 开证行

The bank that opens a documentary credit at the request of its customer, the applicant.

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Letter of Credit (L/C)  信用证

American term for documentary credit. In the United States, the terms D/C can often be confused for documentary collection.

Letter of Hypothecation   押汇负责书，押货预支书

A promise to hold goods as security taken from customers who are granted loans against goods imported on a collection basis.

Loan Against Imports (LAI)  进口押汇

Loans granted to import customers for payment of bills.

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Master Credit 原信用证

In back-to-back operations, the original export credit against which the second credit is opened

Maturity   n. （票据的）到期，到期日，偿还日

Due date of payment of a usance bill or promissory note.

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Negotiable/Non-Negotiable 可转让的，可流通的／不可转让的，不可流通的

Usually used with regard to Bills of Lading: a negotiable B/L is a valid document of title, while a non-negotiable B/L is not - the beneficiary of a DC (the exporter) may send the importer a non-negotiable B/L for information.

Negotiation　（信用证的）让购，议付

Purchase of drafts under a documentary credit which the issuing bank has undertaken to pay.

Net Weight　净重

The weight of the merchandise before any packaging.

Non-DC Bills　非跟单信用证项下开立的汇票

Bills not drawn under DC i.e. sent on a collection basis (D/P or D/A). In common usage we distinguish between Non DC bills which are financed collections and DCs which are non-financed.

Non-Financed Bills　无息汇票

Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has no financial interest.

Noting　退票通知

The first stage in protest of a dishonoured bill: if instructed to protest for non-payment/non- acceptance, the collecting bank must send the bill to a notary public who will represent it to the drawee on the same day it was refused, or the next business day. If the drawee still refuses the bill the notary public notes on the bill: the amount of his charges, the date and his initials. The reason for refusal is shown on a note attached to the bill. The bill is then protested - see Protest.

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Opener　n. （信用证）申请人，开证人

See Applicant.

Opening Bank 开证行

See Issuing Bank.

Order (To)  抬头人，指定收货人

The phrase To Order is sometimes shown on Bills of Lading against consignee: this means that the Bill of Lading must be endorsed in blank by the shipper (i.e. not to any particular named party which makes it bearer document and it becomes transferable by delivery.)

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Packing Credit  打包放款

A loan given to the beneficiary by the bank to enable him to purchase raw materials. The beneficiary is usually requested to deposit the DC with the bank as security.

Past Due 过期的，逾期的

Bill or loan that has not been paid on the maturity date/due date.

Paying Bank  付款行

The bank that makes payment to the beneficiary of a payment DC after presentation to it of documents stipulated in the DC.

Perils of the Seas  海险，海难

They are accidents or casualties of the sea. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Heavy or tempestuous weather on a voyage is of sufficient violence to constitute a peril of the sea.

Power of Attorney 委托书代理证书

Authority given to one party to act for another.

Presentation   n.  提示，（单据的）交兑，（信用证的）议付，

Act of requesting the importer payment/acceptance of an import bill. - See Handling Import Collections.

Presenting Bank  提示行

The bank that requests payment of a collection bill - may be the Collecting Bank or its nominated branch or local correspondent, which is better placed to contact the importer.

Principal   a.  n.  主要的，本金的，委托人，本金

The exporter in collection transactions, being the initiator of the transaction, whose instructions are followed at all stages (may be used