长难句分析.doc

(完整word)长难句分析高考复习冲刺专题一:高考英语长难句分析一长难句最常见的形式1、 主从复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣,使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成,即主干和修饰成分.主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构(或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句。这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。2、 分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻,使语义严密，结构紧凑,可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象,只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。3、 成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复,突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合,一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力.例如在以than,as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响,而且这类句子出现频率较高,考生需要熟记。4、 改变语序改变语序主要指倒装句式.这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心,或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关,有明显的标志.二。突破策略(1） 结构分析法所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析,迅速弄清句子的结构,把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。 However， many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years。 Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.At the press of a button， a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.方法二:并列复合句的处理方法-找并列连词 The hot sun had caused the dough （面团） to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.方法三：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词 Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa。方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法-先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare， “Samuel Johnson, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam， the Conqueror.(2）意群阅读法意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息.此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。When two cars travelling at 30m hit each other， an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters例1 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植).例2 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine， with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer。例3. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious（怀疑） of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Years Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face 。.例4。 At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术） make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past。仿真演练1。 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem， and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique.2。 It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers， although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when email is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is， the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 3。 Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market。4。 The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood， such as agricultural waste。5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese， these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.6。 Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.7. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.8. The major market force rests in the growing population of whitecollar employees， who can afford the new service, in other words， Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of whitecollar employees。9。 Decision-thinking is not unlike pokerit often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think。10. After all， what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day？11. Still， he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio， unless there was a ship nearby， would be on an island 885 miles away。12。 I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over， I ached， and my father must have hurt, too， a little。