状语从句课件.ppt

句子结构的完整句子结构的完整这几句是正确的句子吗这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为有如果你认为有误误,该怎么改该怎么改?1.The meeting will until 3:00.2.Work hard,you will succeed.3.I have a brother,who is a doctor.4.There are only 4 students take part in the class.lastandwhotaking/totake句子的分类句子的分类简单句简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并并列列句句:主主谓谓结结构构+连连词词(and,but,so,or)+主谓结构主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构或更多的主谓结构)复合句复合句:引导词引导词+主谓结构主谓结构,主谓结构主谓结构(从句从句)(主句主句)复合句复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中其中有一个有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，（些）成分，,如如:主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,同位语同位语,定语定语,状语等状语等.根据他们在句子中的功能分别称根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句为主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句同位语从句,定语从句定语从句,状语从句状语从句等等.判断下面句子属于哪种复合句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1)Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.2)ThelettersaysthattheyareleavingonFriday.3)Thatswhattheyshoulddo.4)WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIamlookingfor.6)Astimewenton,Einsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrect.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句的概念及分类状语从句的概念及分类在主、从复合句中修饰主句或主句中在主、从复合句中修饰主句或主句中动词动词的句子的句子叫叫状语从句状语从句。状语从句分为状语从句分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、的、结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句。结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句。状语从句的选择就是对意思的选择，能够翻译就能够判断状语从句的类别1.时间状语从句的引导词有：时间状语从句的引导词有：when,while,as,after,before,till/until,sinceassoonas,themoment/minute,immediately,nosooner.than,hardly/scarely.when,directly,thefirsttime,every/eachtime,bythetime2.2.地点状语从句：地点状语从句：地点状语从句：地点状语从句：where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere3.3.原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句 because,since,as,for,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat4.4.比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句asas;notsoas;than4.4.目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat.,lest5.5.结果状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句sothat,so.that.,suchthat6.6.条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句if,unless,supposing,suppose,provided,providingas(so)longas,onconditionthat,onlyif,once7.7.让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句while,although,though,aseventhough/if,nomatter+疑问词疑问词,疑问词疑问词+ever8.8.方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句asif/though,(just)as2.since2.since1)Itis/hasbeen3yearssinceheleftthere.2)2)IhavebeenheresinceIcametothecity.归纳归纳归纳归纳：主句主句时态为：时态为：现在完成时；现在完成时；since从句从句中时态为：中时态为：一般过去一般过去时。时。3.bythetime1)By the time he came back,I had finished the work.2)2)By the time we finishes school,we will have learned3)learned English for 10 years.归纳：归纳：归纳：归纳：当当bythetime后的谓语动词为后的谓语动词为过去过去时，则主句动词时，则主句动词时态为时态为过去完成过去完成时；当时；当bythetime后的谓语动词为后的谓语动词为现在现在时，则主句动词时态为时，则主句动词时态为将来完成将来完成时。时。4.hardly/scarcelywhen;no sooner than.一一就就1)I had hardly/scarcely got home when the bell rang.2)2)I had no sonner got home than the bell rang.3)3)No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.4)4)Hardly/Scarcely had he got home when it began to rain.归纳：归纳：归纳：归纳：1)此种句型的主句是此种句型的主句是过去完成过去完成时，从句时时，从句时一般过去一般过去时；时；2)当当nosooner,hardly或或scarcely位于句首时，要位于句首时，要使用半倒装；使用半倒装；3)要注意三对连词的搭配。要注意三对连词的搭配。5.till/until1)Iwillwaitthereuntil/tillyoucomeback.2)Hewaitedthereuntil/tillhismothercameback.3)Ididnotgountil/tillhecameback.4)NotuntilhecamebackdidIgo.5)ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenthome.归纳：归纳：归纳：归纳：1)肯定句中，主句动词为肯定句中，主句动词为延续性延续性的；的；否定句中，主句动词为否定句中，主句动词为非延续性非延续性的。的。2)notuntil放句首时，要实行放句首时，要实行半倒装半倒装。3)用于强调句型中时，要把用于强调句型中时，要把until后的成分全写完后的成分全写完再加再加that。6.6.其它句型其它句型其它句型其它句型It/Thisisthefirsttimethatsbhas/havedonesth.It/Thiswas.thathaddone.7.7.其它句型其它句型其它句型其它句型was/weredoingwhen.was/wereabouttodowhen.haddonewhen.例句：例句：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavefinishedmyHomework.例句：例句：WewerehavingEnglishclasswhenthelightswentout.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthephonerang.Shehadjustfinishedherhpmeworkwhenherfatheraskedhertoplaythepiano.1.It is almost five years _ we saw eachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when2.-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once3._hemadeuphismind,nothingcouldchangehismind.A.whenB.untilC.asD.once5.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as6.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.A.untilB.unlessC.afterD.becauseDC2.地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句由地点状语从句由where.wherever引导。引导。where指指“在某个地方在某个地方”，wherever指指“无论哪里，在任无论哪里，在任何一个地方何一个地方”，在使用时：在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别PutthebookwhereitisPutthebookintheplacewhereitis。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。引导。1.Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp_thereishumansuffering.(2006江西27)A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever2.-Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？(2006四川23)-Headvisedmetolive_theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where3.原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和和consideringthat,seeingthat这这六个连词都用于表示表示原因六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱但在语气上一个比一个弱.3.原因状语从句原因状语从句Because:语气最强语气最强,回答回答whySheleftbecauseshehadanappointment.As:较口语化较口语化,语气比语气比since弱，附带说明的双方已弱，附带说明的双方已知的原因知的原因Assheisnotwell,Illgomyself.Since/nowthat:既然既然,一般放主句前一般放主句前，语气比，语气比because弱弱Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbegin.For:表示对主句的补充说明或推断表示对主句的补充说明或推断，放在主句之，放在主句之后，后，Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.比较：比较：because和和for的区别。的区别。1for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原表示原因时，可位于句首。因时，可位于句首。【误】【误】Forhedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.【正】【正】Becausehedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了出处罚。由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了出处罚。2for表示的是推断解释，表示的是推断解释，because强调动作强调动作发生的直接原因。发生的直接原因。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）因）Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）4.目的状语从句目的状语从句PleaseremindmesothatIwontforgettotakethecamera.Pleaseremindme_Iwillremembertotakethecamera.inorderthatSothat:只能放主句后只能放主句后inorderthat:更正式更正式,可以放主句前或后可以放主句前或后InorderthatIwalkedintotheroomquietly_Iwouldntwakeupmyfather.Takeanumbrella_youarecaughtinrain.forfearthatincaseHeworkshardforfearthat/lesthe(should)fail.Isetdownheraddresslest/forfearthatI(should)forgetit.forfearthat:以免以免incase:万一万一lest:为了不为了不lest(以免，免得以免，免得),forfearthatIhidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may(might),can(could)should,will等情等情态动词。态动词。5.结果状语从句结果状语从句So+thatSuchthatHeissoreliablethatIcantotallydependonhim.HeissoreliableafriendthatHeissuchareliablefriendthatSo_thatIcantotallydependonhim.Such_thatIcantotallydependonhim.reliableafriendwasheareliablefriendwashe1.Itis_niceweatherthatallofushaveadesiretogoout.2.Theyare_littlechildrenthattheycandonothingbutmaketrouble.3.Mr.Greenhad_littleeducationthathewasunabletofindajob.FillinblankssuchsuchsoSomany/much/little/few+n+thatSuchalotof/lotsof+n+that目的状语从句的谓语常含有目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might，would等情态动词。等情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。注意：在注意：在sothat，suchthat结构中一般成结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。引导定语从句的区别。在在soas，suchas这一结构中，这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。引导定语从句，在句中做成分。1.Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as2.Idliketoarrive20minutesearly_Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat3.Youdbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor_youhavetowait.A.evenifB.asifC.incaseD.inorderthat4.Hisplanwassuchagoodone_weallagreedtoacceptit.A.soB.andC.thatD.as6.条件状语从句条件状语从句Iwillagreetogoprovidedthatmyexpensesarepaid.Supposing(that)itrains,canweplaythegameindoors?if,unless,incase(假如假如,万一万一,以防以防),solongas/aslongas(只要只要),onconditionthat(只要只要),Provided/Providing(that),Suppose/Supposing(that)(倘若）倘若）条件状语从句一般考查三点条件状语从句一般考查三点：1)在条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要在条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。发生的动作。2)if，unless，incase是考查重点。是考查重点。3)when还可表条件，这一点不可忽视。还可表条件，这一点不可忽视。意思是：既然，考虑到。如意思是：既然，考虑到。如：Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision？他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了，还能学到什么东西呢？1._youcallmetosayyourenotcoming，Illseeyouatthetheatre.A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless2.-Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow？-Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining3.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening_youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless4._youvetriedit，youcantimaginehowpleasantitis.(2006北京33)A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When5.Intimeofseriousaccidents，_weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.(2006重庆23)A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless7.方式状语从句方式状语从句As:按照按照Asif/though:好象，似乎好象，似乎1.DoinRomeasRomesdo.2.Helooksasifhesuffersgreattension.8.让步状语从句让步状语从句“尽管、虽然尽管、虽然”1.though/although可以和可以和yet,still,nevertheless连用连用不能和不能和but连用连用Though可以作副词可以作副词,放在句末放在句末Hepromisedtocome;hehasnt_,though.Though/Althoughheiswealthy,heisnot_.Weathy_heis,yetheas/thoughwhilehealthyturned/shownup2.although不倒装；不倒装；though可以倒装；可以倒装；As引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句必须必须倒装倒装（将（将n./adj./adv./do提至句首）提至句首）MuchasIlikethecoat,itistooexpensiveforme.Expertasheis,heisalwaysmodest.（n.前不可有任何冠词）前不可有任何冠词）Foolasheis,heishonest.Tryashemight,hecouldntpassthetest.3.Evenif/though（evenif引导的句子有较引导的句子有较强的假设性，而强的假设性，而eventhough的真实性强）的真实性强）Eventhoughheismybrother,Idonttrusthim.Evenifheweremybrother,Iwouldnottrusthim.4.Whetheror不管不管还是还是Youhaveprovedguilty,whetheryouadmititornot.4.however，whatever，whoevernomatterwho/when/where_difficulttheproblemis,Illworkitout.Illgivetheticketto_reallywantstoseethefilm.Helikedreadingverymuch._hewent,hetookabookwithhim.Nomatterhow/HoweverwhoeverWherever/Nomatterwhere1.Didthedoor-keeperletyouin?-No._ItriedtotellhimIwasyourrelative,hejustdidntbelieveme.A.EvenifB.HoweverC.NomatterD.Whether2.Foodshortagewilllongbeaworldproblem_muchhasbeendonetosupplyenoughforeveryone.A.althoughB.nomatterC.sinceD.before9.比较状语从句比较状语从句Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchasartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartasAmericanseat_vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceasmanyB.morethantwiceC.astwiceasmanyasD.twiceasmanyasDD