上课用高考英语完形填空讲解示范课课件.ppt

上上课用高考英用高考英语完完形填空形填空讲解示范解示范课课件件高考总体要求高考总体要求 完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。进行解题。Brief introduction Discussion:What are your methods of doing cloze tests英语完形填空解题步骤英语完形填空解题步骤1.速览全文，把握大意。速览全文，把握大意。做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章汇总找到具体的突破口也就是汇总找到具体的突破口也就是信息点信息点。解题时应联系。解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。2mins10mins2mins1mins2.细读首句，摸清文路。细读首句，摸清文路。4.复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。3.瞻前顾后，准确选择。瞻前顾后，准确选择。Fourmethods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context上下文语境上下文语境2、worddistinctionsorcollocations词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配3、informationgiveninthepassage利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等）义词等）4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常识文化背景和常识TheskillsoffinishingClozeSkill1:Choosing by 上下文、语境上下文、语境Skill2:Choosing by 逻辑推理逻辑推理Skill3:Choosing by 词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配Skill4:Choosing by 语法分析语法分析Skill5:Choosing by 文化背景和常识文化背景和常识Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境上下文、语境)eg.Many old people dont have good _.A.hearing B.health C.eyesight 1)They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.C2)They cant listen to music or news over the radio,but they can read with glasses.3)They cant walk outside,but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.ABeg4.Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very,very _.A.deep Bhigh C.cold D.dangerous Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境上下文、语境)eg1.When we talked,I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）eg2.My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）（聋的）A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headeg1.At this moment,the air hostess 1 .She looked pale,but was quite 2 .1.A.showed B.presented C.exposed D.appeared2.A.well B.still C.calm D.quietVt.Vt.Vt.Vi Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions(词汇和短语用法词汇和短语用法)eg2.In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened Yes!Everyone had the same idea _that man.A.with B.to C.as D.ofthe same。Skill4:Choosing by grammar(语法分析语法分析)eg1.and the officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste.A.beside B.but C.and D.or。eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _the door open.A.knocked B.forced C.pushed D.tried eg2.All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of _ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.A.all B.none C.some D.bothSkill 5:Choosing by common sense(常识常识)eg3Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest1、Informationgiveninthepassage利用文利用文章中的信息章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词等）原词复现、近义词和反义词等）(1)MissBrownsaid,“MayI17(correct)asmallmistakethatyoumade,MissDikeColumbuscrossedthe18inthe15th,notthe16thcenturyHe19(discovered)Americain1492.SirFrancisDrakewasagreatsailorinthe16thcentury.You20(mighthavecrossed)theAtlanticoceanwithhim.A.PacificB.IndianC.ArcticD.Atlantic(2)IrememberasachildIsaidsomething40aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”(NMET2005山东山东)A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual(3)Apparently,althoughnoonewantstobe51allthetime,everyoneneedssomedegreeofprivacy.2007上海）上海）A.noisyB.aloneC.personalD.sociableDAB2、Worddistinctionsorcollocations词词语辨析和固定搭配语辨析和固定搭配(1)ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir4(subjects).ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis5(useful)intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish6(for)theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare7English.A.inB.withC.atD.of(2)Withsuchacreditcard,youcantravelandentertainwhenandwhereyou15(want).Theworldsleadinghotels,motelsandresorts（胜（胜地）地）welcometheCard.Youcanchargenearlyeverything,includinggolfandtennis16.A.moneyB.faresC.ticketsD.feesAD3、Context上下文语境上下文语境(1)TheancientGreekswereveryinterestedinthenatureoftheworldaroundthemandputforwardmany interesting theories to explain things.Sometimestheywereright,1veryoftentheywerewrong.A.andB.soC.butD.for(2)AreyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriendshomeorinarestaurantthantheyareatyourownhomeProbablyso,1(because)youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyouby your table manners.You take special painswhenyouareeating2.(2005上海上海)A.inpublicB.athomeC.ateaseD.inahurryCA4、Culturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常识文化背景和常识(1)themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.A.thebesthospitalB.thebiggesthospitalC.thenearesthospitalD.theChildrensHospital(2)PeopleofBurhngtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe26havemadeuptheirmindsto27(ring)thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest（抗议）（抗议）againstheavytruckswhichrun28(dayandnight)throughthenarrowHighStreet.(NMET1999)A.collegeB.villageC.townD.church CDStep3Readthepassageagainandcheckthe answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）查）Tips:1、thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate（时态语态，主谓语在上下文时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致）的中是否一致）2、grammarandcollocations（语法和习惯用法的（语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致）搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致）3、theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4、themeaningofthewholepassage（整体上检查（整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理）结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理）Step1Skip(跳读跳读)thepassagetogetthe general ideaandpayattentiontothe first sentence.In the cloze test,there is no blank in the first sentence(首句首句).It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）语境）Skip the following passage and try to get the general idea of it.ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreasesincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,areprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1cashencouragement,somewomenjustdontwanttobe2holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatitsgoodforthe3ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5dayoffwork.Expertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployers6togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(产假产假).InJanuary,Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonthspaidleave,withawarming:useitor7it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“Itsnotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butitsgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9arelationship.”InNorway,a(n)10policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.(2004上海卷）上海卷）General idea:In European countries,the birthrate has decreased.So the governments are taking measures to encourage parents to create more babies.Step2 Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsome methods.在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于 一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案。一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案。TheskillsoffinishingClozeSkill1:Choosing by 上下文、语境上下文、语境Skill2:Choosing by 逻辑推理逻辑推理Skill3:Choosing by 词汇和短语用法词汇和短语用法Skill4:Choosing by 语法分析语法分析Skill5:Choosing by 常识常识完形填空四利用：完形填空四利用：1.利用复现或同类的词汇答题。利用复现或同类的词汇答题。2.利用前后文的对仗关系。利用前后文的对仗关系。3.利用上下文的逻辑关系。利用上下文的逻辑关系。4.生活常识。生活常识。完形填空三忌：完形填空三忌：忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。忌当做语法填空来做。忌当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。本句话。忌先入为主，一气呵成。忌先入为主，一气呵成。做题时先填把握做题时先填把握的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会获得答案。获得答案。The more we practice,the easier it will be!Clozeisinteresting,thoughdifficult.Step1Skipthepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.（跳读掌握大意，注意首句）（跳读掌握大意，注意首句）Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsomemethods.（借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案）（借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案）Step3Readthepassageagainandchecktheanswers.（复读检查）（复读检查）Three stepsSum up（总结）（总结）1、context 上下文语境上下文语境2、word distinctions or collocations 词语词语辨析和固定搭配辨析和固定搭配3、information given in the passage 利用利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等）词等）4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识文化背景和常识Four methods Do a cloze test and think about the methods.ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreasesincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,areprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1cashencouragement,somewomenjustdontwanttobe2holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatitsgoodforthe3ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5dayoffwork.ExpertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployersABACD 6togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(产产假假).InJanuary.Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonthspaidleave,withawarming:useitor7it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“Itsnotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butitsgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9arelationshipInNorway,a(n)10policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.DDCBBHow many methods are used when you do this clozeDiscuss:ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreassincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathandareprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1(in spiteof)cashencouragement,somewomenjustdontwanttobe2(left)holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatitsgoodforthe3(birth-rate)ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4(Eventhough)Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5(single)dayoffwork.Expertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployerscontext(上下文上下文)worddistinctions(词语辨析词语辨析)informationgiveninthepassage(原原词复现词复现)context(上下文上下文)collocations(固定搭配固定搭配)6(reluctant)togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(产假产假).InJanuary.Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonthspaidleave,withawarming:useitor7(lose)it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8(pressure)tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“Itsnotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butitsgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9(buildup)arelationship.”InNorway,a(n)10(similar)policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.context(上下文上下文)context(上下文上下文)context(上下文上下文)worddistinctions(词语辨析词语辨析)context(上下文上下文)Homework Dotheclozetestsonthepaper.Here are some Basic skills of clozeSkill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境上下文、语境)eg.Many old people dont have good _.A.hearing B.health C.eyesight 1)They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.C2)They cant listen to music or news over the radio,but they can read with glasses.3)They cant walk outside,but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.ABeg2.Wait till you are more _.A.relaxed B.satisfied C.certain1)Its better to be sure than sorry.C2)Ill improve it once more.B3)Or else youll be more nervous on the stage.Aeg3.Traveling _,today becomes yesterday;traveling west it is tomorrow.A.south B.east C.north D.westeg4.Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very,very _.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous eg1.When we talked,I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier DlaterSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）eg2.My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）（聋的）A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headeg1.At this moment,the air hostess 1 .She looked pale,but was quite 2 .1.A.showed B.presented C.exposed D.appeared2.A.well B.still C.calm D.quietVt.Vt.Vt.Vi Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions(词汇和短语用法词汇和短语用法)eg2.In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened Yes!Everyone had the same idea _that man.A.with B.to C.as D.ofthe same。Skill4:Choosing by grammar(语法分析语法分析)eg1.and the officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste.A.beside B.but C.and D.or。eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _the door open.A.knocked B.forced C.pushed D.tried eg2.All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of _ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.A.all B.none C.some D.bothSkill 5:Choosing by common sense(常识常识)eg3.(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearestTheskillsoffinishingClozeSkill1:Choosing by 上下文、语境上下文、语境Skill2:Choosing by 逻辑推理逻辑推理Skill3:Choosing by 词汇和短语用法词汇和短语用法Skill4:Choosing by 语法分析语法分析Skill5:Choosing by 常识常识完形填空四利用：完形填空四利用：1.利用复现或同类的词汇答题。利用复现或同类的词汇答题。2.利用前后文的对仗关系。利用前后文的对仗关系。3.利用上下文的逻辑关系。利用上下文的逻辑关系。4.生活常识。生活常识。资料整理仅供参考,用药方面谨遵医嘱