论《都柏林人》中少年主人公的精神瘫痪英语论学士学位论文.doc

本科生毕业论文册

学院 XXX学院
专业 XXXX
班级 XXXX级XX班
学生 XX
指导教师 XXX

XXX大学本科毕业论文任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目： 论《都柏林人》中少年主人公的精神瘫痪
学院： XXX学院 专业： XXXX 班级： XXXX级XX班
学生姓名： XX 学号： XXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：XXX

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是探讨乔伊斯著名短篇小说集《都柏林人》中少年主人公的“精神瘫痪”。其主要任务是从社会及作者背景、具体表现和消极作用三个方面来分析这种精神瘫痪。
2、论文（设计）的主要内容
本论文分为三章，第一章介绍十九世纪初爱尔兰的社会状况和作者乔伊斯的个人背景，第二章分析了少年主人公精神瘫痪的表现，最后一章讨论了精神瘫痪给少年们的生活以至于人生带来的影响。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是不同的文学家、文学批评家以及乔伊斯本人对其作品中社会和人物精神状态的分析和解读。
研究路线是对人物的精神瘫痪从背景原因、表现和影响等不同方面进行详细的探讨和分析。

4、主要参考文献
Beck, Warren. Joyce’s Dubliners. Durham: Duke University Press, 1969.
James Joyce. Dubliners. New York: Bantam Books, 1990.
Norris, Margot. Suspicious Readings of Joyce’s Dubliners. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
Torchiana, Donald T. Backgrounds for Joyce’s Dubliners. Boston: Allen＆Unwin,1986.
李维屏，2004，《乔伊斯的美学思想和小说艺术》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。
孙梁,1984,《都柏林人》，上海：上海译文出版社。

5、计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月16日前
2

与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月16日-3月23日
3
提交论文提纲
3月23日-3月30日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月30日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前
指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月 日
注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 XXXX 专业 XXXX 届
学生
姓名

XX
论文（设计）题目
论《都柏林人》中少年主人公的精神瘫痪
指导
教师
XXX
专业
职称
XXX
所属教研室
翻译系
研究方向
英美文学和翻译

课题论证：探讨乔伊斯著名短篇小说集《都柏林人》中少年主人公的“精神瘫痪”。

方案设计：第一章介绍爱尔兰社会背景和作者个人背景；
第二章阐述少年们精神瘫痪在宗教、社会心理和情感生活中的表现；
第三章探讨精神瘫痪给少年们带来的影响。

进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目
3月23日前写开题报告、任务书
3月30日前提交论文提纲
4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述
5月8日前交终稿和评议书
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日
教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书
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XX学院
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年级（班）
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论 文 题 目
论《都柏林人》中少年主人公的精神瘫痪
完成时间
XXX4/20
论

文

内

容

摘

要

詹姆斯·乔伊斯是二十世纪举世闻名的爱尔兰作家，同时也是一位意识流文学大师。《都柏林人》是他的短篇小说集，这十五篇故事，以写实和讽刺的表现手法描绘了二十世纪初期都柏林人中下阶层的生活，精神瘫痪和死亡贯穿全书。
本文分析了《都柏林人》中童年篇，即前三篇小说《姐妹们》《偶遇》《阿拉比》中几位少年主人公的精神瘫痪。第一章首先分析了爱尔兰的社会背景和乔伊斯的个人背景；第二章分析精神瘫痪在宗教、社会心理和爱情等方面的表现；第三章则探讨这种精神瘫痪对少年们的生活、人生产生的后果。形形色色的都柏林少年，被社会的各种扭曲思想束缚着，终日想入非非，却无力改变现状。
本文结合前人理论和观点，对《都柏林人》中“精神瘫痪”这一主题从孩童角度深刻分析，加深了对乔伊斯作品中所表现出的人们生存状况的理解，体现着深切的人文关怀，并丰富了对乔伊斯这一文学大师的作品研究。

指
导
教
师
评
语

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评定成绩： 签章

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XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述
Literature Review
James Joyce is a famous Irish writer and a master of the technique of stream of consciousness in the twentieth century. Dubliners is a collection of short stories consisting of fifteen short stories. By the method of realism and irony, the collection presents the life of people in lower and middle class in the city of Dublin in the early twentieth century. Throughout the fifteen short stories there is a strong sense of mental paralysis as well as death.
Dubliners contains fifteen portraits of life in the city of Dublin. Joyce focuses on children and adults who belonged to the middle class, such as housemaids, office clerks, students, shop girls, and out-of-luck businessmen. Joyce envisioned his collection as a looking glass with which the Irish could observe and study themselves. In most of the stories, Joyce uses a detached but highly perceptive narrative voice that displays these lives to the readers in precise detail. Rather than present intricate dramas with complex plots, these stories sketch daily situations in which not much seems to happen—a boy visits a bazaar, a woman buys sweets for holiday festivities, a man reunites with an old friend over a few drinks. Though these events may not appear profound, the characters’ intensely personal and often tragic revelations certainly are. The stories in Dubliners peer into the homes, hearts, and minds of people whose lives connect and intermingle through the shared space and spirit of Dublin. A character from one story will mention the name of a character in another story, and stories often have settings that appear in other stories. Such subtle connections create a sense of shared experience and evoke a map of Dublin life that James Joyce would return to again and again in his later works.
Mental paralysis refers to the mental state of numbness, oppression, helplessness and emptiness of Dubliners under the restricted environment in Dublin. This kind of mental paralysis penetrated all aspects of social life in Dublin, and it has become a collective disease which cannot be escaped. The collection of short stories reveals the mental paralysis from the following four aspects: childhood adolescence, adulthood and social life, The first three stories generally reveal the growth from childhood to youth; then the following seven are about adult life; the eleventh to the fourteenth are concerned with social life; and the last one, The Dead, acts as a summary of the whole book. All the fifteen stories are integrated to demonstrate a complete process of moral degeneration ending with the death of the soul.
In the collection of short stories, characters maintain their unity and coherence by means of forgetting, excluding or marginalizing. Thus the originally vigorous and wholesome body and mind is paralyzed by social, familial and individual conditions. The soul of people is so constrained that it departs from the source of spiritual life and cannot come back to it. In the end they come to be aware of it that their past understanding an illusion of life has been limited or distorted, with an epiphany of “paralysis”.
Paralysis—the main theme of Dubliners—is widely analyzed by literary critics. Richard E. Peterson remarks that in revealing the paralysis within Dublin of the Irish citizens, James Joyce further grasped the commodity of the moral, emotional, and spiritual paralysis afflicting Dublin life and the necessity, at least for the artist, to escape from the restrictive conventions or nets of family, country and religion. Each story in the collection of short stories artfully and objectively exposes the paralysis of the individual character within a broad pattern of Dublin life; the very narrative of the book becomes infected or corrupted by the failed life of each Dubliner.
James Joyce: A Collection of Critical Essays, written by Reynolds Mary T, said that “Ambition, energy, freewill, and revolutionary zeal—these forces play no role and could not, Joyce thought, in a city and country where centuries of political and religious oppression had caused a general paralysis of mind and will. Transcendence came only through death or emigration.”
In Joyce in Context, edited by Vincent J. Cheng and Timothy Martin, Joycean paralysis is explained in two ways. One is called the “thematic unity” theory, that is, the theme of paralysis serves as a unifying concern that embodies the value of the material out of which the stories were shaped. The other explanation is that paralysis is due to spiritual enervation. Brewster Ghiselin comments that “it is an action of the human spirit struggling survival under peculiar conditions of deprivation, enclosed and disabled by a degenerate environment that provides none of the primary necessities of spiritual life.”
Joyce in his 1904 sketch “A Portrait of the Artist” speaks of paralysis not in individual term but in terms of the “general paralysis of an insane society.” So paralysis, originally a medical term. here is used as a metaphor, and the word “moral”, derived from the Latin moralis, means the custom or behavior of a people. The moral paralysis in Dubliners, to an individual, is the inability to take decisive action, to establish an honest and honorable life, and the failure to escape from the entrapment and entanglement of the mean and insignificant life. To a nation, the moral paralysis means its incapability to protect its people from the oppression and the failure to liberate its people from fetters deriving from internal and external forces.
Restrictive routines and the repetitive, mundane details of everyday life mark the lives of Joyce’s Dubliners and trap them in circles of frustration, restraint, and violence. Routine affects people who face difficult predicaments, but it also affects people who have little open conflict in their lives. The moments of paralysis show the characters’ inability to change their lives and reverse the routines that hamper their wishes. Such immobility fixes the Dubliners in cycles of experience. Throughout the collection, this stifling state appears as part of daily life in Dublin, which all Dubliners ultimately acknowledge and accept.
This thesis analyzes the mental paralysis of the children in the first three stories: The Sister, An Encounter, and Araby. Chapter One firstly analyzes Ireland’s social background and the Joyce’s personal background; Chapter Two deals with the manifestations of mental paralysis in religion, social psychology, and emotional life; Chapter Three studies the results of the children’s mental paralysis for their life. Various young Dubliners, restrained by all forms of distorted social thoughts, immerse themselves into illusion but just cannot change the status quo.

8

本科生毕业论文

题目 论《都柏林人》中少年主人公的精神瘫痪
On the Mental Paralysis of the Children in Dubliners

作 者 XX
指导教师 XXX
所在学院 XXX学院
专业（系） XX
班级届） XXXX级XX班

完成日期 XXXX 年 4 月 20 日

ix

i

On the Mental Paralysis of the Children in Dubliners

BY
XX
Prof. XXX , Tutor

A Thesis Submitted to Department of English
Language and Literature in Partial
Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English
AtXXXX University

April 20th, XXXX

x

ii
Abstract

James Joyce is a world famous Irish writer as well as a master of the technique of stream of consciousness in the twentieth century. Dubliners is a collection of short stories of James Joyce which consists of fifteen stories. Through the method of realism and sarcasm, the book describes the life of low and middle class in Dublin in the early twentieth century. Throughout the book there is a sense of mental paralysis and death.
This thesis analyzes the mental paralysis of the children in the first three stories: The Sister, An Encounter, and Araby. Chapter One firstly analyzes Ireland’s social background and the Joyce’s personal background; Chapter Two deals with the manifestations of mental paralysis in religion, social psychology, and emotional life; Chapter Three studies the results of the children’s mental paralysis for their life. Various young Dubliners, restrained by all forms of distorted social thoughts, immerse themselves into illusion but just cannot change the status quo.
Combining previous theories and points of view with its own, this thesis deeply analyzes the theme of Dubliners —mental paralysis—from the perspective of children, enhancing the understanding of people’s living conditions in Joyce’s works, presenting great concern for humanity and enriching the studies on the works of the literary giant, James Joyce.

Key words Joyce Dubliners children mental paralysis

xi

iii
摘 要

詹姆斯·乔伊斯是二十世纪举世闻名的爱尔兰作家，同时也是一位意识流文学大师。《都柏林人》是他的短篇小说集，这十五篇故事，以写实和讽刺的表现手法描绘了二十世纪初期都柏林人中下阶层的生活，精神瘫痪和死亡贯穿全书。
本文分析了《都柏林人》中童年篇，即前三篇小说《姐妹们》《偶遇》《阿拉比》中几位少年主人公的精神瘫痪。第一章首先分析了爱尔兰的社会背景和乔伊斯的个人背景；第二章分析精神瘫痪在宗教、社会心理和爱情等方面的表现；第三章则探讨这种精神瘫痪对少年们的生活、人生产生的后果。形形色色的都柏林少年，被社会的各种扭曲思想束缚着，终日想入非非，却无力改变现状。
本文结合前人理论和观点，对《都柏林人》中“精神瘫痪”这一主题从孩童角度深刻分析，加深了对乔伊斯作品中所表现出的人们生存状况的理解，体现着深切的人文关怀，并丰富了对乔伊斯这一文学大师的作品研究。

关键词 乔伊斯 都柏林人 少年 精神瘫痪

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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter Ⅰ.The Background for the Children’ s Mental Paralysis 5
A. The Social Background 5
B. The Author’s Background 6
Chapter Ⅱ.The Manifestations of the Children＇s Mental Paralysis 10
A. Manifestation in Their Religious Life 10
B. Manifestation in Their Social Psychology 12
C. Manifestation in Their Emotional Life 15
Chapter Ⅲ.The Results of the Children’s Mental Paralysis 19
A. Incapability of Communication 19
B. Lost of Their Beliefs 20
Conclusion 22
Notes 24
Bibliography 25

v
Introduction

Dubliners, which came out in 1914, is a collection of short written by James Joyce. It presents to readers the everyday lives of men, women and children in the city of Dublin, the capital of Irish, during the late Victorian era. As generally gloomy stories, they are like a chronicle of fading innocence, degenerating faith, wasted opportunities, subtle hypocrisies, and paralysis—largely mental paralysis. James Joyce wrote this collection of short stories when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and people were urgent and desirous to find their national identity; at a crossroads of history, culture and thought, Irish people were under the influence and pressure of various ideas and forces. Most of these stories focus on the author’s idea of an “epiphany”: a moment when a protagonist encounters a sudden self-understanding or enlightenment. Many of the characters in this book also show up in the author’s another novel Ulysses.1 The first several stories in the book are told by children, but as the stories continue, they tell about the lives and thoughts of older characters. This accords with the author’s tripartite division of this book into roughly three parts: childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Professor Zhuangkunliang, who studied Irish literature in National Taiwan Normal University once mentioned that Dubliners is a history of Irish morality, and its aim is to provide a bright mirror for Irish people to see themselves clearly.2
James Joyce (1882 - 1941) is regarded as one of the most outstanding writers of the early twentieth century and he is also honored as “the writer