动词ing形式作表语-定语与宾语补足语.doc

概念引入
　　The music they are playing sounds so exciting .
　　We watched three boys sharing their food with each
　　Our job is playing all kinds of music .
　　The girl singing now is a classmate of mine
用法讲解
非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种：
 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。
　　• 基本形式：

　　1、-ing形式作表语
　　1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
　　如：
　　Her hobby is painting.
　　她的业余爱好是画画。
　　My job is looking after the children.
　　我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
　　2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，
　　如：
　　His concern for his mother is most touching.
　　他对母亲的关爱很感人。
　　His words are encouraging.
　　他的话很鼓舞人。
　　2、-ing形式作定语
　　1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，
　　如：
　　building materials
　　= materials for building 建筑材料
　　drinking water
　　= water for drinking　 饮用水
　　a reading room
　　= a room for reading　 阅览室
　　2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度，
　　如：
　　tiring music
　　= music that is tiring　 烦人的音乐
　　a surprising result
　　= a result that is surprising
　　一个惊人的结果
　　3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，
　　如：
　　正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
　　The student making the experiment is our monitor.
　　我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
　　We can see the rising sun.
　　Attention
　　1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
　　如：
　　They lived in a room facing the street.
　　= They lived in a room that faces the street.
　　他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
　　The man standing there is Peter’s father.
　　= The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
　　站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
　　2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：
　　The student making the experiment is our monitor.
　　They lived in a room facing the street.
　　正在举行的会议非常重要。
　　The meeting being held now is very important.
　　昨天举行的会议非常重要。
　　The meeting held yesterday is very important.
　　明天要举行的会议非常重要。
　　The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
　　3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
　　如：
　　His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
　　= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
　　他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
　　The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
　　= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
　　那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
　　3、-ing形式作宾语补足语
　　1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。
　　如：
　　当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
　　When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
　　我发现地板上放着一个包。
　　I found a bag lying on the ground.
　　那老板让工人整夜地工作。
　　The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
　　2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
　　如：
　　They found the result very satisfying.
　　= The result was found very satisfying.
　　They heard him singing in the next room.
　　= He was heard singing in the next room.
　　3). 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
　　a. 感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等。
　　如：
　　We saw a light burning in the window.
　　I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
　　Can you smell anything burning?
　　As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
　　Listen to the birds singing.
　　I didn’t notice him waiting.
　　b. 使役动词常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
　　如：
　　I won’t have you doing that.
　　This set me thinking.
　　I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
　　I can’t get the clock going again.
　　You won’t catch me doing that again.
　　4)see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
　　① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。
　　如:
　　We passed by the classmates and saw　 the teacher making the experiment.
　　我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
　　（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
　　We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
　　我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。
　　（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
　　② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：
　　We heard the door slam. (一次动作)
　　We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
巩固练习
完成句子
　　1. It’s wrong of you to _______ (让机器开着)。（run）
　　2. What he said _______________ (令人信服的)，we can trust him.(convince)
　　3. The news __________ (令人感到惊讶的)，we were all astonished at it. (astonish)
　　4. The building _________ (正在建) is our new library. (build)
　　5. He was caught ____________ (偷车) and sent to the police station. (steal)
　　6. I saw him _________ (正在玩游戏) when I passed. (play)
　　7. Some old man have to walk with the help of _________ sticks(拐杖). (walk)
　　8. I found Mary __________ (正向一个男孩儿低语) just now. (whisper)
　　9. There were some boys _________ (在窗户附近大声喊叫)，so I couldn’t fall asleep. (shout)
　　10. A student will be immediately dismissed if he ____________ (被发现吸烟) in school.

单项选择
　　1. Yesterday our head teacher made such an　　　 speech that we all felt 　　　.
　　A．exciting； exciting　　B．excited； excited　　
　　C．exciting； excited　 　D．excited； exciting

　　2. When I caught him ___me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
　　A．cheated　　 B．cheating　　 C．to cheat　　 D．to have cheated

　　3. The children　 _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
　　A. playing　　 B. play　　 C. played　　 D. to play

　　4. The boy 　____ over there is my younger brother.
　　A．cried　　 B. being cried　　 C. crying　　 D. to cry

　　5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him.
　　A. calling　　 B. called　　 C. being called　　 D. to call

　　6. He is a student at Oxford University, _______ for a degree in computer science.
　　A. studied　　 B. studying　　 C. to have studied　　 D. to be studying

　　7. Miss John’s habit is _______ without through understanding.
　　A. read　　 B. being read　　 C. to be read　　 D. reading

　　8. The tower ______ the Warring States is well worth visiting.
　　A. dated from　　 B. dated back from　　 C. dating from　　 D. to date from

　　9. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
　　A. run　　 B. running　　 C. to run　　 D. to be run

　　10 ---Who would you like to see at the moment?
　 　　 ---- The man _____ Mr. Green.
　　A. called himself　　 B. we call him　　 C. calling himself　　 D. is called

　　11. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature.
　　A. to smell　　 B. smelling　　 C. smelt　　 D. to be smelt

　　12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____
　　A. 20 dollars remained　　 B. 20 dollars to remain
　　C. remained 20 dollars　　 D. remaining 20 dollars

　　13. The man _____ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him?
　　A. stand　　 B. to stand　　 C. is standing　　 D. standing

　　14. The noise of desks____could be heard out in the street.We knew there must be a school nearby.
　　A. opening and closing　　　　　 B. opened and closed
　　C. to be opened and closed　　　 D. being opened and closed

　　15. His job was _______ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of.
　　A. entertain　　 B. entertaining　　 C. entertained　　 D. to entertaining
答案与解析

完成句子
　　1. leaving the machine running　 2.is convincing　 3.is astonishing　 4.being built　
　　5. stealing a car　 6.playing games　 7.walking　 8.wispering to a boy　
　　9. shouting near the window　 10.is found smoking
单项选择
　　1. 答案：C 解析：考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰人，用v-ed形式，选C。
　　2. 答案：B 解析：依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
　　3. 答案：A 解析：根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
　　4. 答案：C 解析：依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
　　5. 答案：A 解析：句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。Voice 与call 之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb. do 或hear sb. doing,故排除D项。因此选A。
　　6. 答案：B 解析：“studying for a degree in computer science” 为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。
　　7. 答案：D 解析： 在这里考查动名词作定语
　　8. 答案：C 解析： 句中已有谓语动词，故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为“始自（某时期）”，不能用被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。
　　9. 答案：B 解析： 本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out 是不及物动词短语，应用现在分词作宾补。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。
　　10. 答案：C 解析： the man 与call 是主动关系，用现在分词作定语指“自称Mr Grant 的那个人”。
　　11. 答案：B 解析： smell 为系动词，意为“闻起来”，没有被动语态,smelling 为现在分词作后置定语。
　　12. 答案：D 解析：此处的remaining 相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain 是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
　　13. 答案：D 解析：本题考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不符合题意。
　　14. 答案：D 解析：因为“声音可以被听到”，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done的形式作定语。
　　15. 答案：B 解析：考查动词ing形式作表语，A, C, D三项中的形式不符合语法。

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