新人教版八下导学案U.doc

(配套学案P18)

(对应学生用书第41页)
一、重点短语
1.in the world 在世界上
2.as big as 和……一样大
3.in Asia 在亚洲
4.as far as I know 据我所知
5.man-made objects 人造的物体
二、重点句型
1.What’s in the world?
(1c,世界上最高的山脉是什么?)
2.China has in the world.
(2a,中国有世界上最多的人口。)
3.Did you know that China is one of in the world?
(2c,你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗?)
答案:1.the highest mountain 2.the biggest population 3.the oldest countries

(对应学生用书第41页)
探究一 population n.人口;人口数量
China has the biggest population in the world.
中国有世界上最多的人口。(P50)
备选例句:
1.The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.
全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
2.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
3.India has a large population.
印度人口众多。
4.What is the population of Canada?
加拿大的人口有多少?
population的用法:
1.population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
2.当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。
3.表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。
4.询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...?”,而用“How large...?”;在问具体人口时用“What...?”
【即学即练】
1.在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。
At the beginning of the twentieth century,the about 1,700 million.
2.新加坡人口少。
Singapore has .
3.你们家乡有多少人口?
is the population of your hometown?
答案:1.world’s population was 2.a small population 3.How large
探究二 protect v.保护;防护
The main reason was to protect China.
主要的原因就是保卫中国。(P50)
备选例句:
1.Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.戴深色眼镜可以避免眼睛受到阳光照射。
2.The sheep protected its young against being attacked by the dog.绵羊保护小羊免受狗的袭击。
protect的用法
protect指利用各种安全防御措施,尽力照顾某人/物,以使其不受损害,常用于protect...from sth.保护……免于……=protect...against doing保卫……免于……
【即学即练】
1.我想多穿件衣服,以防受凉。
I want to put on more clothes to myself cold.
2.政府花费了很大力气以防大坝受可能的洪水的袭击。
The government has done much to the dam the possible flood.
答案:1.protect;from 2.protect;against

(对应学生用书第41页)
一、短语精练
1.1 025米深
2.世界上的其他山脉
3.最多的人口
4.和……一样大
答案:1.1,025 meters deep 2.any other mountain in the world 3.the biggest population 4.as big as
二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
5.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他的山脉都高。
Qomolangma is higher than in the world.
6.中国有世界上最多的人口,比美国的人口多很多。
China has the in the world.It’s than the population of the US.
答案:5.any other mountain 6.biggest population;a lot bigger

(对应学生用书第93页)
【基础达标】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.Qomolangma is mountain in the world.

A.high B.higher
C.the highest D.the higher
2. the population of America?
A.How much B.How many
C.What’s D.How big
3.The Changjiang River is one of in the world.
A.the longest river B.longest rivers
C.the longest rivers D.longer rivers
4.Tingting is than Meimei,but Meimei is than Tingting.
A.tall;stronger B.taller;strongest
C.tallest;strong D.taller;stronger
5.No one is Mary in the class.
A.so tallest as B.as taller as
C.so high as D.so tall as
答案:1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.D
Ⅱ.根据首字母或汉语提示写单词
6.The p of China is bigger than any other country in the world.
7.China and Japan are both in A .
8.Every year thousands of t visit the Great wall.
9.India is also one of the most 古老的)countries in the world.
10.The duty of the police is to (保护)the safety of people’s lives.
答案:6.population 7.Asia 8.tourists 9.ancient
10.protect
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.Gold is (little) useful than iron(铁).
12.My sister is two years (old)than me.
13.Mary’s parents have four daughters,and she is the (young) child.
14.The boy is not so (interesting)as his brother.
15.Jean sings (well).She sings (well)than John,but Mary sings (well)in her class.
答案:11.less 12.older 13.youngest 14.interesting 15.well;better;best
Ⅳ.完成句子
16.我家乡的那条河大约2 000米长。
The river in my hometown is about .

17.他是我们班里最高的男生之一。
He is boys in our class.
18.他的手机和我的一样漂亮。
His mobile phone is mine.
19.你知道世界上最大的城市是哪里吗?
Do you know what is in the world?
20.就你所看到的,这是一幅很漂亮的画。
,this is a very beautiful picture.
答案:16.2,000 meters long 17.one of the tallest 18.as beautiful as 19.the biggest city 20.As you can see
【能力提升】
Ⅴ.完形填空
People all over the world eat rice.Millions of people in Asia,Africa and South America 21 it.Some people eat almost 22 but rice.Rice is a kind of crop.There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice.Most kinds are water plants.Rice 23 in many countries,even in the south of the United States and in eastern Australia.
China is the world’s largest rice-growing country.In 2003,China grew 166 million tons of rice.But it’s not easy to feed the world’s 24 population.In the 1960s,thousands of Chinese died because they didn’t have 25 food to eat.In the 1970s,Yuan Longping,a Chinese scientist,grew a new kind of rice called hybrid (杂交的) rice.It makes 20% more rice than any 26 kind.Hybrid rice is a stronger plant,unlike ordinary rice.It can grow in the place with lots of water 27 in the place without much water.It doesn’t easily get diseases or worms.
Today,half of China’s rice plants 28 Yuan’s special hybrid rice.China uses Yuan’s hybrid rice to grow 29 rice than before.Yuan is known as the Father of Hybrid Rice.He 30 the World Food Prize for his work to help feed so many people.
21.A.live in B.live on C.feed in D.feed to
22.A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.some things
23.A.is grown B.grows
C.grew D.was grown
24.A.most B.least
C.smallest D.largest
25.A.some B.any C.enough D.many
26.A.another B.other C.others D./
27.A.or B.and C.but D.so
28.A.was B.were C.is D.are
29.A.many more B.more many
C.much more D.more much
30.A.beat B.won C.defeated D.had
答案:21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.B

(对应学生用书第42页)
一、重点短语
1.mountain climbing 爬山
2.freezing weather conditions 结冰的天气条件
3.take in 吸入,吞入(体内)
4.risk their lives 冒着生命危险
5.the forces of nature 自然的力量
二、重点句型
1.One of the world’s sports is mountain climbing.
(3a,世界上最危险的运动之一是爬山。)
2. also very hard take in air as you get near the top.
(3a,当你接近山顶时,吸入空气也是非常困难的。)
3.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves difficulties.
(3a,最主要的原因之一是因为人们想在困难面前挑战自己。)
答案:1.most dangerous 2.It is;to 3.in the face of

(对应学生用书第42页)
探究一 辨析include与including
Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.甚至更严重的困难还有寒冷的天气条件和暴风雪。(P51)
备选例句:
1.The price includes postage charges.
价格包括邮费在内。
2.I hate animals,including dogs.
我讨厌动物,包括狗。
include和including的区别:
1.include是动词,可以在句中充当谓语。
2.including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外,在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用,和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语,意思是“包括……在内”。
【即学即练】
1.这个名单上包括他的名字。
The list his name.
2.在教室里有40名学生,包括我。
There are 40 students in the classroom, me.
答案:1.included/includes 2.including
探究二 take in吸入,吞入(体内)
It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你接近山顶时,吸入空气也是非常困难的。(P51)
备选例句:
1.The poor man had nowhere to live in,so we took him in.那个可怜的人没有地方住,所以,我们让他住在这儿。
2.On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.周末,史密斯一家常驱车到农村去吸取那里的新鲜空气。
3.I couldn’t take in why you are angry.
我无法理解你为什么生气。
take in的意思:
1.接收,收留
2.吸取,吸入,吞入(体内)
3.领会,理解
【即学即练】
翻译句子之前,首先要理解单词的含义。
Before you translate a sentence,you should first the meanings of the words.
答案:take in
探究三 辨析succeed,success与successful
The first Chinese team did so in 1960,while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975
第一个中国队登上山顶是在1960年,而首次登山成功的第一个女人是1975年来自日本的田部井淳子。(P51)
备选例句:
1.If you try hard,you will succeed.
如果你努力,就会成功。
2.At last he succeeded in solving the problem.
最后他成功地解决了这个问题。
3.Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
4.The performance was successful.演出很成功。
succeed,success和successful的区别:
1succeed v.成功,达到目的,做成。成功做某事succeed in doing sth.
2.success n.成功;胜利;成功之人;成功的事物
3.successful adj.获得成功的,有成就的
【即学即练】
1.我父亲并不是一个很成功的人,但他很爱他的家人。
My father was not a very man,but he loved his family very much.
2.你面试成功了吗?
Did you in the interview?
答案:1.successful 2.succeed

(对应学生用书第42页)
根据所给汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1.作为流行歌曲歌手她取得的成功只是昙花一现。
Her as a popular singer was short-lived.
2.为什么会有如此多的爬山者去冒生命危险呢?
Why do so many climbers ?
3.这些爬山者的精神向我们表明应该永不放弃努力去实现我们的梦想。
The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never to achieve our dreams.
4.最主要的原因之一是因为人们想在困难面前挑战自己。
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves difficulties.
答案:1.success 2.risk their lives 3.give up trying 4.in the face of

(对应学生用书第94页)
【基础达标】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.The United KingdomNorthern Ireland and Wales.

A.include B.including
C.includes D.included
2.Jack succeeded in the task yesterday.
A.finish B.to finish
C.finished D.finishing
3.He accepted his friend’s to swim across the river.
A.chance B.invitation
C.challenge D.help
4.No one can anything without effort.
A.make B.have C.want D.achieve
5.My grandpa goes out for a walk to the fresh air.
A.take in B.take out
C.take off D.take away
答案:1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示写单词
6.There are (厚的,浓的)clouds in the sky when it is going to rain.
7.Everybody should be given the chance to(达到)their aims.
8.We’ll solve the problem by (武力)if necessary.
9.This is a job with enough (挑战).
10.Sam was born in the country and had a deep love for (大自然).
答案:6.thick 7. achieve 8.force 9.challenges 10.nature
Ⅲ.句型转换
11.Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.(改为同义句)
Qomolangma is any other mountain in the world.
12.Qomolangma is dangerous for the climbers to climb.(改为同义句)
dangerous for the climbers to climb Qomolangma.
13.The first to get to school every day is Tom.(对画线部分提问)
the first to get to school every day?
14.MountTai is about 1,600 meters high.(对画线部分提问)
is MountTai?
15.No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.(改为同义句)
The Pacific Ocean is ocean in the world.
答案:11.higher than 12.It is 13.Who is 14.How high 15.the biggest
Ⅳ.完成句子
16.他因为工作努力实现了梦想。
He because he worked hard.
17.他冒生命危险救那孩子。
He to save the child.
18.他在面对危险时表现出了勇气。
He showed courage danger.
19.我们的旅馆已经客满,不能再接待客人了。
Our hotel is full,we can’t any more guests.
20.她是成功完成这项工作的第一人。
She was the first woman in finishing the work.
答案:16.achieved his dream 17.risked his life 18.in the face of 19.take in 20.to succeed
【能力提升】
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
Have you ever thought of living in a desert? This may happen in the future.Scientists are trying to irrigate(灌溉)the deserts to enable plants to grow.If this happens and the deserts can be changed into good land,people will be able to grow food and live in the deserts.It is an unfortunate fact that more and more green land on Earth is turning into desert.Some scientists believe this is the fault of humans who do not take care of the planet and treat the Earth poorly.It is difficult for the scientists to fight against this as their work takes time and the cooperation of many people.
In some places the land remains green even though there is very little rainfall.This is because of the type of plants that grow in these areasIn such places small green plants cover the ground,protecting it from the hot sun which can dry out the land very quickly.These plants also prevent the wind from blowing away the rich soils.As a result,when there is a period of rainfall the plants are able to hold the water.
21.Scientists are finding ways to change into .
22.People will be able to live and grow food in the deserts.(T/F)( )
23.Good land is turning into desert more slowly than it is being changed back into good land.(英译汉)

24.Are small green plants necessary in dry places?

25.What can plants do when it rains?

答案:21.the deserts;good land 22.T
23.好的土地变成沙漠要比沙漠变回好的土地缓慢。
24.Yes,they are.
25.They can hold the water.

(对应学生用书第43页)
一、重点短语
1.350 cm tall 350厘米高
2.standing on two legs 用两条腿站着
3.many times 许多倍
4.at birth 出生时
5.live up to 活到
二、重点句型
1.This elephant weighs more than this panda.(1a,这头大象比这只熊猫重许多倍。)
2.At birth,a baby panda is about .
(1c,出生时,小熊猫大约16厘米长。)
答案:1.many times 2.16cm long

(对应学生用书第43页)
探究一 times倍
This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.
这头大象比这只熊猫重许多倍。(P53)
备选例句:
1.The sitting room is 3 times as large as the kitchen.
起居室的面积是厨房的三倍大。
2.Your bag is three times larger than mine.
你的包比我的大三倍。
3.Your cake is twice the size of mine.
你的蛋糕比我的大一倍。
times的用法:
1.A is... times+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B意为“A是B的几倍……”
2.A is...times+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B意为“A比B……几倍”
3.A is...times+the+名词+of+B意为“A的……是B的……的几倍”,常用作比较大小、高度、重量等。
【即学即练】
1.这个孩子比他的小弟弟重三倍。
The boy is as heavy as his little brother.
2.这头大象比这只老虎重20倍。
The elephant is twenty times the tiger.
答案:1.three times 2.the weight of/as heavy as
探究二 up to
A panda can live up to 20 to 50 years.
一只熊猫可以活到20到50岁。(P53)
备选例句:
1.I can take up to four people in my car.
我的车能载 4个人。
2.As a doctor, he is not up to Mr.Smith.
作为一名医生,他不能与史密斯先生相比。
3.He’s not up to the part of Othello.
他演不了奥赛罗这个角色。
4.It’s up to you whether we accept the present or not.要不要这份礼物由你决定。
5.Up to now he’s been quiet.
他直到现在还保持沉默。
up to的意思:
1.多达
2.可与……相比,比得上
3.有……能力的,能胜任……
4.由……决定,由……负责
5.(时间)直到
【即学即练】
1.这个帐篷至多能容纳十个人睡觉。
ten people can sleep in this tent.
2.五路公共汽车一直开到晚上九点。
The No.5 bus runs 9 o’clock in the evening.
答案:1.Up to 2. up to

(对应学生用书第43页)
根据所给汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1.迈克尔确实不胜任那项工作。
Michael is not really the job.
2.这头大象比这只熊猫重许多倍。
This elephant weighs more than this panda.
3.出生时,小熊猫大约16厘米长。
,a baby panda is about 16cm long.
4.他不如他哥哥诚实。
He is honest his brother.
答案:1.up to 2.many times 3.At birth 4.less;than

(对应学生用书第95页)
【基础达标】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.He has books than me.So I often borrow books from him.

A.less B.more C.much D.little
2.In the future ,there will be people and pollution (污染).
A.much;little B.much;less
C.more;less D.more;little
3.This tree is that one.
A.three time as big as
B.three times as big as
C.three time bigger than
D.three times big than
4.Mary studies harder than me.So she can get good grades.
A.more B.less C.little D.much
5.An olive tree can live 1,500 years.
A.to B.up C.up to D.on
答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
Ⅱ.根据首字母提示写单词
6.The mountain is about 1,600 meters h .
7.Kangaroos can s on their tails.
8.At b ,a baby is about 2 to 5 kilos.
9.In the future,people will live u to 200 years.
10.An adult panda w about 350 kilos.
答案:6.high 7.stand 8.birth 9.up 10.weighs
Ⅲ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
tall,birth,weigh,much,little
11.This little ball of gold 2 kilos.
12.I’m only 1.5 m,and I look younger than my age.
13.Their son weighed eight pounds at .
14.His illness was serious than the doctor first thought.
15.Potatoes are 2 yuan a kilo.Rice is 5 yuan a kilo.Potatoes now cost much than rice.
答案:11.weighs 12.tall 13.birth 14.more 15.less
Ⅳ.完成句子
16.一只熊猫可以活到20到50岁。
A panda can live 20 to 50 years.
17.他比其他人更仔细。
He is careful the others.
18.这只母象比小象重一百倍。
The mother elephant is heavier than the baby elephant.
19.一只熊猫比它的幼崽多吃许多倍。
A panda eats than it’s baby panda.
20.出生时,一只幼猴大约10cm长。
,a baby monkey is about 10 cm long.
答案:16.up to 17.more;than 18.one hundred times 19.many times more 20.At birth
【能力提升】
Ⅴ.完形填空
Do you have a beautiful dream? I know almost everyone 21 thei