英语句子成分(经典).ppt

英语句子成分英语句子成分.Thiskindofskirtisvery_(fashion).2.Hissuggestionsare_(reason).3.Itis_(obviously)thathewonthematch.4.Thatsreallya_(science)method(方法方法)5.therearetoomany_(art)scenesinthepark.6.Weshoulddosomethingtostopthe_(globe)warming.fashionablereasonableobviousscientificartificialglobal1.Withthe_(develop)ofthescience,weimproveourlivingconditionsgreatly.2.European_(settle)beganin1840whentheBritisharrived.3.Haveyoumadean_(arrange)aboutyourtrip?4.Couldyougivemesome_(suggest)onourplan?5.Acinemaisapublicplaceof_(entertain).developmentsettlementarrangementsuggestionsentertainment1.Aftersunset,theskydarkened_(rapid)2._(fortunate),theyescapedfromthebigfire.3._(general)speaking,peopleinSouthChinaliveonrice.4.Hisdaughteris_(serious)ill,sohehastoaskforleave.5.Thecarwhichwasoutofcontrol_(violent)hitthebigtree.6.Thetyphoonis_(extreme)strong.rapidlyFortunatelyGenerallyseriouslyviolentlyextremely句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语地点地点时间时间句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语Elementsofasentence:S-subjectV-verbP-predicativeO-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-objectcomplement主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾主语（主语（subject）是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么谁，什么”发出发出的，一般位于句首。的，一般位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名（名词词）（代（代词词）（数（数词词）（动动名名词词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名名词词化的形容化的形容词词）（It形式主形式主语语，主，主语语从句是真正主从句是真正主语语）谓语（谓语（verb）是对主语加以陈述，是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）(1)由由单单一一动词动词V.做做谓语谓语WeareChinese.Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?(2)情情态态V+V原原Hecan speakEnglishwell.(3)助助V+VSheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.（名（名词词）(代代词词）(数数词词)(名名词词化的形容化的形容词词)(三三)宾语（宾语（object）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）动作的对象或承受者，一般位于动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和和prep.之后之后宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语(directobject)和和间接宾语间接宾语(indirectobject).直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.Hegavemesome books.间接间接宾语宾语（承受者）（承受者）直接直接宾语宾语（对象）（对象）Pleasepassmethe book.Heboughthis girlfriendsome flowers.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Imakemystudentsintertested in my class.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.Wefoundhimintroublenow.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（六）（六）宾语补宾语补足足语语有些有些及物及物动词动词除了有一个直接除了有一个直接宾语宾语以外，以外，还还要有一个要有一个宾语补宾语补足足语语，说说明明宾语宾语的身份和状的身份和状态态以以补补充其意充其意义义不足，使句子的意不足，使句子的意义义完整。完整。这类这类常用的及物常用的及物动词动词有有：make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keep（It形式形式宾语宾语，todo是真正是真正宾语宾语）（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。状态。1.Thespeechisexciting.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imtiredtoday.5.Thatremainsa puzzle.6.Idontfeelat ease.7.Thatswhyhecamehere.（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。状态。1.Thespeechisexciting.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imtiredtoday.5.Thatremainsa puzzle.6.Idontfeelat ease.7.Thatswhyhecamehere.(形容词形容词)(现在分词现在分词)（不定式）（不定式）(过去分词过去分词)(名词名词)(介短介短)(从句从句)（五）定语（五）定语（adjective）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前前置定语前置定语短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前后置定语后置定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。修饰修饰adj./adv.时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。说明动作于说明动作于“何时何时,何地何地,如何如何”发生发生,或者说明或者说明“adj./adv.”的的程度程度。状语分为：状语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语方式和伴随等状语。（六）状语（六）状语（adverbial）Thisbookisveryinteresting.Irunfast/quickly.Theyareplayingon the playground at eight.IJohnoftencameto chat with meHisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.(副词副词)(介短介短)（不定式）（不定式）（V-ing短短语语）(副词副词)Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.Youprobablyknowmorethanyouthink.（从句）（从句）（副（副词词）（副（副词词）(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.同位语同位语对对n.或或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明进行补充说明或进一步解释说明 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词名词代词代词从句从句系动词系动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词）例如：例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如：例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。4）感官系动词感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look例如：例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.注意：系动词注意：系动词(除除be be外外)不用于被动语态不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词终止系动词prove,turnout,表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意例如：例如：Therumorprovedfalse.句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语Elementsofasentence:S-subjectV-verbP-predicativeO-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbialOc-objectcomplement主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。作一种陈述（陈述句）作一种陈述（陈述句）Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.提出一个问题提出一个问题(一般一般/特殊特殊/选择选择/反义疑问句反义疑问句)Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?发出一种命令或请求（祈使句）发出一种命令或请求（祈使句）Shut/Openthedoor.表示一种感叹（感叹句）表示一种感叹（感叹句）Whataslowtrainthisis!句句子子结结构构分分类类简单简单句句SimpleSentences含有一个主含有一个主语语（或并（或并列主列主语语）和一个）和一个谓语谓语（或（或并列并列谓语谓语）的句子）的句子并列句并列句CompoundSentences包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主主谓结谓结构的句子且句子之构的句子且句子之间间有并列有并列连词连词and/but/or/so等或用分号等或用分号连连接接复合句复合句ComplexSentences包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词连词that/what/when/if等等引引导导句子类型句子类型简单句并列句复合句 句句子子结结构构分分类类简单简单句句SimpleSentences含有一个主含有一个主语语（或并（或并列主列主语语）和一个）和一个谓语谓语（或（或并列并列谓语谓语）的句子）的句子并列句并列句CompoundSentences包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主主谓结谓结构的句子且句子之构的句子且句子之间间有并列有并列连词连词and/but/or/so等或用分号等或用分号连连接接复合句复合句ComplexSentences包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词连词that/what/when/if等等引引导导简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语补足语Summary复习简单句：复习简单句：对下列句子的成份对下列句子的成份进行划分进行划分Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补Exercises:分析句子分析句子结结构构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）YoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Wefoundamanlyingontheground.6）Itismydutytolookafterthesechildren.7）Youhadbetterkeepthewindowopen.8）Helikespopmusic.9）Thesoundsoundsstrange.10）Thefoodtastesgood.11）HehasbeenlearningEnglishforyears.12）Wethinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.13）1.HelearnsGerman.2.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.3.Wesanganddancedyesterdayevening.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatfiveintheafternoon.（一个主一个主语语和并列和并列谓语谓语）（并列主并列主语语和并列和并列谓语谓语）（并列主并列主语语和一个和一个谓语谓语）（一个主一个主语语和一个和一个谓语谓语）并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Hetoldme thenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语宾语thatIpassedtheexam.whatheneeds.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Idontknow him.Hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.宾语从句宾语从句HeisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.宾语从句宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didnt like her.I dont know if you can help me.They want to know where you are going.The students has decided when they hold the meeting.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句thepeople surprisedThatWhathesaidWhathedid主语主语Thathedidntknowtheanswerintheroom.定语定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.1)主语从句主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.*How strange it is that the children are so quiet!2)定语从句定语从句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidheknewtheboywhowassittingbythewindow.Thepicturewhichisonthewallisdrawnbymyfather.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句That isthefact.表表语语whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.2）表语从句表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is who can replace her.*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Putthebook onthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地点状语地点状语whereyoufoundit.Youcantcamphere.wheretherearealotoftrees.whereveryoulike.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句Practice用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticeHedidntcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因原因)Hedidntcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.Illgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.（时间时间）Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.（结果结果）Wellgotothegreatwall.Itsfinetomorrow.(条件条件)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步）让步）Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Wellgotothegreatwallifitsfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.IllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.状语从句状语从句分为八类：分为八类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、目的、条件、让步、方式、1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turned green.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等2)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if,unless,as long as,on condition that常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though,although,even if,even though,3)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.So long as you need me,Ill stay.4)结果状语从句结果状语从句She was so happy that she didnt know whatto say.He is such an honest boy that we all like him.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so that,such that,5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Come early in order that/so that you may see him.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so that,in order that in caseTake your rain coat in case it rains.6)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere7)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because,as,since常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句PracticeHehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Hedidntcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句1.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidntworkhard.2.Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.Idontknowifyoucanhelpme.3.Thattheearthisroundiswell-known.4.Theybelievedthattheywouldwinthegame.5.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.6.DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoMrGreen?划出从句，并判断从句的种类。划出从句，并判断从句的种类。(定语从句）定语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（主语从句）（主语从句）（宾语从句）宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）(定语从句）定语从句）7.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.8.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.9.ThenewsthatJimtoldusistrue.10.Healwaysthinksofhowhecanworkbetter.11.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.12.Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.13.Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）(定语从句）定语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）有关有关“跨文化跨文化”话题话题假假设设你叫李你叫李华华，你的外国朋友，你的外国朋友John想了解中国的春想了解中国的春节节，请请根据以下提根据以下提纲纲，给给他写一封短信：他写一封短信：1、春、春节节在中国人中的地位在中国人中的地位2、春、春节节的的时间时间.春春节节前人前人们们3、春、春节节期期间间，人，人们们参考参考词汇词汇：对联对联couplet爆竹爆竹firecrackerDearJohn,Howtimeflies!Fourmonthshavepassedsincewesaweachotherlasttime.Icannothelpbutmissyou.YouaskedmeaboutChineseSpringFestival.NowIwouldliketotellyousomethingaboutit._写出下列与春节有关的词汇写出下列与春节有关的词汇春节春节_农历农历_正月正月_除夕除夕_初一初一_团圆饭团圆饭_年夜饭年夜饭_爆竹爆竹_饺子饺子_年糕年糕_过年过年_传统的传统的_张贴张贴_庆祝庆祝_聚集聚集_节日气氛节日气氛_吃饭吃饭_看电视看电视_休息休息_放松放松_风俗习惯风俗习惯_LunarcalendarLunarJanuaryNewyearsEveFirstdayFamilyreuniondinnerThedinneronNewYearsEveFirecrackersSpringFestivalJiaoziNewYearCaketheatmosphereofthefestivalcustomsandhabitsspendthenewyeartraditionalputupcelebrategettogetherhavedinnerwatchTVhavearestrelaxed与要点有关的句子与要点有关的句子:1.春节是中国的传统节日春节是中国的传统节日2.春节在农历的第一天春节在农历的第一天3.春节是家人聚会的节日春节是家人聚会的节日4.春节前打扫房间春节前打扫房间,贴春联贴春联,放鞭炮，吃饺子，放鞭炮，吃饺子，看电视。看电视。5.结束语结束语TheSpringFestivalisaChinesetraditionalfestival.TheSpringFestivalbeginsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth.ItiswhenallfamilymembersgettogetherAfewdaysbeforethefestival,housesarecleanedandredcoupletsareputuponthedoorsofeveryhousehold.参考文章：参考文章：Howtimeflies!Fourmothshavepassedsincewesaweachotherlasttime.Icannothelpbutmissyou.YouaskedmeaboutChineseSpringFestival.NowIwouldliketotellyousomethingaboutit.TheSpringFestivalisaChinesetraditionalfestival.ItisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeopleandiswhenallfamilymembersgettogether,justlikeChristmasintheWest.TheSpringFestivalbeginsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth.