上海牛津英语8A、8B笔记.doc

8A、8B 英语笔记整理
8A Unit 1 A letter from a penfriend
relate with = about ambition 志向（a very strong wish） enclose
bad---worse---worst
ill------worse---worst
badly--worse—worst
owner(n.)拥有者
own(a./v.)
1. What would you like to do?
Would like / love to do = want to do 想要做…
e.g. Would you like / love to…
Yes, I’d like to / love to, but… (理由)
2. tell sb. sth. about… 告诉某人关于……的一些事
e.g. I’d like to tell you something about my trip in Hong Kong.
3. one and a half meters tall. ﹜1.5米
(or) one meter and a half﹜1.5米
four and a half kilos
(or) four kilos and a half
用数词+单位+形容词”来表示身高，体重，长度，宽度，年龄等
e.g. This suitcase is 80cm long, 55cm wide, 5cm high.
长 宽 高
4. ﹡限定词（this, that）—数词（two）—性质（beautiful, ugly）—尺寸大小（bid）—长短（long, short）—形状（round, triangle）—新旧或年龄（old, young）—颜色（red, blue）—国籍(产地)（Chinese）—材 料（wooden, leather）—状语（shining, glowing）
5. one’s hobby is doing sth.
习惯性，经常
one’s ambition（wish / hope / duty / responsibility / job……）+ be + to do sth.
除了hobby，其余全用“to do sth.”
e.g. (1) His job at the moment is to look after the homeless people.
(2) Their duty is to keep the whole building clean.
(3) Today’s homework is to copy the new word.
6. own. (v.) 拥有，占有=have，但own更强调物品的归属为某人自己。
e.g. (1) Mr. Smith owns a car.
(2) Mr. Smith has his own car.
(3) Mr. Smith has a car of his own.
7. be keen on = like ……very much = be interested in = be fond of (特别)喜欢，渴望，热衷于.
be keen on + 名词or 动名词(doing)
e.g. He is keen on playing football.
be keen on 动名词
make + it + adj.+ for sb. / sth + to do sth.
使得……做某事变得……
8. (1.)enjoy + doing / n. enjoy oneself = enjoy one’s time = have a good time
(2.)play chess play football play cards
play the piano the violin the guitar
play + ballgames / chess / cards
play + the + musical instrument 音乐器材前加“the”
9. physics 物理 physical(a.)物理的，身体的
a physics teacher / lab / homework
a physical change / physical education (PE)
10. maybe / may be
1) He is maybe at home }
perhaps }如果原句有动词，maybe
2) He may be at home }如果原句无动词，may be (情态动词)
11. 1) enclose (v.)附寄
2) a photo of myself 强调照片有我 不等于 a photo of mine
等于 a photo of me
12. 反义疑问句
陈述句（肯），动词（否定）主语的代词？
陈述句（否），动词（肯定）主语的代词？
例1). I am late, aren’t I ?
2). There is little water in the bottle, is there ?
3). There are few students in the hall, are there ?
4). You could hardly believe that, could you ?
5). He rarely / seldom goes to the cinema, does he ?
6). Let’s go swimming, shall we ?
7). Let us go swimming, will you ?
8). Don’t be late next time, will you ?
★祈使句的反义疑问句除“Let’s……shall we?”之外，其余用will you。
little / few / hardly / rarely / seldom 否定词 （反义部分用肯定）
13. hope的用法比较特殊，可以说 hope to do，但不能说 hope sb. to do，这是可以用 hope + (that)从句的结构来表示。
Hope 后不可以加to do
只有wish sb. to do
train (v.) training (n.)
培训，训练
do well in = be good at
work out 猜出 ，squash 壁球
high——height身高
heavy——weight（n.）
weigh （v.）

8A Unit 2 Whizz Kid
1. expect (v.) expect sth. / sb.
e.g. (1.) Farmers expect a good harvest.
(2.) I’ll expect you for supper at 6 p.m. sharp
expect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth.
e.g. (1.) He expects to finish the project in a week
(2.) Do you expect me to stay for another week?
expect that ……（从句）
2. business
[C]公司 *start a new business
[U]生意 *He went to Beijing on business (go to …… on business出差)
How is your business? ————Quit good.
*Although he is my friend, business is business (公事公办)
businessman——businessmen
businesswoman——businesswomen
3. similar (a.) 类似的
be similar to 和……差不多
4. different (a.)不同的
be different from 与……不同
differently(ad.) 不同的
difference [C] [U] 不同之处
e.g. (1.) Teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them.
(2.) Can you tell me the difference between the two words?
(3.) In fact, these two books are quite similar. You can choose either of them. (either……or)
5. successful (a.) 成功的
successfully(ad.) 成功地
success(n.) 成功 a great success
succeed(v.) 成功 succeed in + n. (doing)
He is a successful writer. He has successful published more than 20 novels. Last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. No wonder so many people admire his great success.
6. must be 把握程度强（肯定是…）
e.g. After a day’s hard work, you must be tired.
否定式 can’t be…… （不可能是……）
e.g. He can’t be at home now. Because he is on a business trip.
7. ……one of the……
(1.) This is one of the most expensive dresses in our shop
(2.) Yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year.
(3.) One of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country.
one of + 最高级 + 名词复词
top表示顶级的，不用最高级
8. put on (wear)
(1.) It’s raining hard outside, you’d better put on your coat.
(2.) Jane is wearing a new dress.
wear 已经穿上 put on 指动作
9. 一般现在时 Meaning
1) 经常性的习惯动作：Wendy always talks about business over breakfast.
2) 自然界中的客观事实或真理：The sun rises in the esat.
3) 表示人的心理活动或表示客观属性的动词：believe/love/hate/belong to/contain…
*The book contains six chapters.
Seructure:
主语[I, you, we, they] 一律动词原形. (否) don’t+动原.
单三[he, she, it] 动词后加s或es. (否) doesn’t+动原.
Time Adverbials:
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never…
10. luckily (adv.) lucky (adj.) 幸运的 【反】unluckily 不幸的 unlucky (adj.)
uck (n.)运气
1) You are luck enough to get the first prize.
2) Four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.
3) Luckily, she was at home when I called on her.
4) Tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week.
11. sell (v.) (sold, sold)卖 sale(n)卖
sales(n. / a.)销售的 a sales manager
1) The sold out all the tickets by 5 p.m.
2) I’m sorry sir. This vase is not for sale. (be for sale 可以买卖的)
3) I got this coat on sale, it’s very cheap. (be on sale 打折)
12. manager (n.) / manage (v.) 管理
mange to do sth. =succeed in doing = be able to do
1) It’s raining heavily. He tired to get there on time.
2) It’s raining heavily. He managed to get there on time.
做到了
13. be responsible for 对…负责
responsible (a.)负责 responsibility (n.)责任
*Teacher would like to give the work to those responsible students.
14. discuss (v.) ----talk oven (about) sth. 讨论
discussion (n.)
Let’s discuss today’s work. = Let’s have a discussion about today’s work.
discuss about sth. × 可以说have a discussion about sth.
15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast
16. …go to school in our family car. }
by car buy bus by train } 只跟交通工具
17. make phone calls to…
18. on the way to / on one’s way to… 在去…的路上。
home, here, there 不+to
19. …but some of the work is boring
boring(a.) ----(sth.) bored(a.)----(sb.)
20. …achieve…grade in…
21. I never fail an exam.
fair(v.) 失败 fair to do sth. = be not able to do 未能成……
failure(n.) 失败 Failure is the mother of success.
He failed to pass the exam, didn’t he?
He was unhappy to day, wasn’t he?
fair = not pass
1) He failed the exam.
He didn’t pass the exam.
2) He failed to pass the exam.
He wasn’t able to pass the exam.
22. The driver collects me from school.
collect sb. = pick sb. up 接送某人
23. return to……
(1.) After the meeting, he returned to the factory.
(2.) You’d better return the books to the library before Friday.
return to ---come / go back to 返回
give…back to 归还
24. attend a club / attend school / attend a meeting / a lecture
join the army / the dancing group / the party
take part in a football match / a writing contest
attend 强调出席，人到场了
join 加入某长期的组织或团体，成为其中一员
take part in 参加某个具体的活动或比赛
25. assist(v.) ---help assistant(n.)---helper
26. continue(v.)
( 1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing
(2.) work on…介词on在这里表示“某方向”
27. seldom(adv.)----not often, rarely 几乎很少，几乎不
(1.) He’s seldom late for school, is he?
(2.) It seldom snows in Shanghai, doesn’t it?
28. need 做情态动词，只能用于否定或疑问句，后只跟动词原形
*You needn’t clean my office
*Need I clean you office?
need用于肯定句，要用行为动词need：后跟名词或动词to do形式
1) He needs a lot of money to build the house.
He doesn’t need a lot of money to build the house.
Dose he need a lot of money to build the house.
What does he need to build the house?
2) They needed to think it over. / (They didn’t need to think it over )
Did they need to think it over?
What did they need to do?
<1.>Tom doesn’t need to go there by himself.
<2.>She needs to raise some money to do this project.
<3.>The old lady needs good medical came.
29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy 区别
sb. spend money / {time on sth.
{(in) doing sth.
sth. cost sb. money
sb. pay money + for sth.
It take(s) sb. time +to do
took
sb. buy + sth. + for +money.
1) She spent 2 hours finishing this work.
It took she 2 hours to finish this work.
2) He spend 50yuan on the book.
The book cost he 50yuan.
He pay 50yuan for the book.
He buy the book for 50yuan.

8A Unit 3 Dealing with trouble
1. deal [v.] (dealt, dealt)
Deal with sth. / sb. 处理
*How do you deal with the trouble/old books?
*What do you do with the old books?
2. happen [v.] 发生，碰巧
*A funny thing happened yesterday.
1) Sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事
Did you hear what happened to peter yester day?
2) happen to do sth.. 碰巧，不巧做了某事
I happened to see him yesterday.
* happen（偶然发生）take place（经安排后发生）
When did the explosion happen?
When will the wedding take place?
*Great changes have taken place in the last three years.（引导现在完成时）
3. keep quiet
*They are having an important meeting. Let’ s go up stairs quietly so nobody will notice us.
4.wait [v.] wait for
*Who are you waiting for?
*They are waiting for their teacher.
waiter/waitress
5. suddenly [adv.] sudden [adj.]
*We are all surprised at his sudden death.
6. argue [v.] 争吵，争论 (argued, argued, arguing)
*Listen, they are arguing loudly.
Argue with sb. Argue about sth.
*Peter argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.
Argument [n.] 争论，论据，论点
*They had a long argument about the issue.
*argument, disagreement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement
7. two women tourists/two men doctors
two girl students/two boy students
two female elephants/two male lions
two apple trees
只有以man、woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。
8. hold [v.] (held, held)
hold out 伸出，端出/ hold a meeting 开会/ hold up 举起/ hold on （电话）别挂断/ hold one’ s breath 屏住呼吸
9. crowd [n,] 人群 crowded [adj.]
1) I saw a crowd of people running around the building
2) There were crowds of people at the theatre.
3) We should take care of our belongings in crowded places.
4) Najing Road Walk Way is one of the most crowded street in Shanghai.
5) The hall is crowded with audience.
10. stare [v.]/[n.] 盯，凝视 (stared, stared, staring)
stare at sb. 盯着某人看
1) It’ s rude to stare at other people.
2) The teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.
11. go on 发生，继续
1) What’ s going on? = What’ s happening ?
2) If he goes on like this, he will lose his job.
3) Although it was late at night, he was still going on watching TV.
4) They went on with their discussion until 9 p.m.
*go on with + n.
12. move through the crowd
across the river through the city
across the road through the forest
across the pipe through the tunnel
through指从某个物体的内部空间通过，贯穿。
Across指从某个物体的表面穿过
13. steal [ v.] (stole, stolen, stealing)
*She wanted to steal money from his father’ s drawer.
*rob (robbed) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber
14. notice [v.] 注意
I noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.
I noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing)
I noticed him enter the room.(notice sb. do)
notice [n.] 通知，布告 the notice on the wall notice board
15. We were in the bookstore, buying post cards.
*Many parents stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.
*The boy sat there, crying.
*He lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.
现在分词作为伴随动词，补充当时状态
16. follow [v.]
*You go first and I will follow you later.
follow [adj.] = next接着
*The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed to be well again.
17. hurry [v.] 赶快 (hurried, hurried, hurrying)
*Don’ t hurry, we are not late.
*Hurry up, or we’ ll be late for the plane.
*Look, he is hurrying to the meeting room.
hurry [n.] 仓促，匆忙 in a hurry
*I’ m (not) in a hurry to change my job.
hurried [adj.] hurriedly [adv.]
*hurried work 仓促的工作 *leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry
18. abroad [adv.] 上（船，火车，飞机）
*they went abroad the ship.
*The boat is ready to leave. All aboard.
abroad [adj.] 海外，国外
*She will study abroad next year.
19. strange [adj.] 奇怪的
1) Strangely, I have never seen that television show before.
2) Don’ t talk to strangers
3) Sorry, I don’ t know where the book here is because I’ m also a stranger here.
20. afraid [adj.] 害怕的
Be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.
*Many people are afraid of snakes.
*He was afraid of failing in the exam.
*Don’ t be afraid to ask for help.
*Are we on time? I’ m afraid not.
21. pick up 捡起，拿起
*Don’ t throw the rubbish on the ground, please.
代词放在介词短语中
*My father usually pick me up after school.
*When I travelled in America, I picked up some American English.
22. report [v. n.] 报告
*He reported a theft.
*He wrote a report about the accidents.
reporter [n.] 报告人，记者
23. theft [n.] 偷窃案 thief [n.] (pl.) thieves
24. *It just left a few minutes ago.
It has been away for a few minutes.
25. detail [n.] 资料，详细情况
*Let’ s discuss the details of our arrangement.
In detail 详细地
*Let’ s discuss in detail.
26. put the phone down
*Put down the old pictures from the wall.
Put down 放下
put up your hands
put up 举起
put out the fire
put out 扑灭
put on the play next week
put on 上演
put off the sports meeting
put off 延期
27. As we got off......
get on / go off (bus, ferry, train, plane……)
get into / get out off (car, taxi)
get to 到达 get ready for 准备
get up 起床 get back 回来
28. see sb. doing / do (sth.)
See sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事
See sb. do 1) 看见某人经常做某事
2) 看见某人做某事的过程（多用于瞬间动词）
同性质词语：hear, notice, find, watch……
Did you often see her take a walk after supper?
I saw the man go into the bank at the time.
We heard Tom singing in the room when we entered.
Did you hear him say sorry to the teacher?
29. He looked worried.
Look为感官动词，则后跟形容词 (同 small, taste, feel, sound……)
但是如果后面还有……at sb. / at sth. 时，为普通行为动词，这时需要以副词修