Unit1A-STUDENT-OF-AFRICAN-WILDLIFE.ppt

Women of achievement卓有成就的女性Achievement page1achievement n【C】成就，成绩 【U】达到，完成a sense of achievement成就感make an achievement取得成就achieve vt完成，达到，实现Connection page 1connection n【C】关系，联系【C,U】连接a connection between A and B A与与B之间之间的联系的联系in connection with与与相关联相关联have a connection with/to与与有联系有联系connect vt&vi 把连接，将电话接通be connected with 与与有关系有关系/联系联系Campaign page1campaign 1.n运动；战役a campaign for/against一场争取/反对的运动a campaign to do 一场为了做而开展的运动2.v参加运动；作战campaign for/against参加争取/反对的运动campaign to do为了做而参加运动辨析war 战争的总称，一般包括多次战(battle/campaign)fight侧重于打斗struggle 侧重“拼搏”和“斗争”campaign还可以指政治、商业或社会性的运动Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动物研究者Student 在此不作在此不作“学生学生”讲讲而是而是“研究者研究者”“”“学者学者”It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，Following Janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。Ones way of doing sth=ones way to do sth某人做某事的方法Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。behave v-behaviour（behavior）n行为，举止1.（举止或行为）表现behave well/badly表现好表现好/不好不好2.举止得体；守规矩；检点behave oneself守规矩；举止得体守规矩；举止得体My mother told me to behave myself at the party.well-behaved表现好的表现好的 badly-behaved表现表现差的差的Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。mean doing sth意味着做某事mean to do sth 打算做某事Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。in the shade of 在在的阴凉处的阴凉处shade n荫，阴凉处荫，阴凉处 vt遮住光线遮住光线move off 离开；起程；出发离开；起程；出发Then we follow as they wander into the forest.然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。Most of the time,chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。eitheror（两者选其一（两者选其一 ）或者或者Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However,the evening makes it all worthwhile.不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。worthwhile adj值得的，值得做的值得的，值得做的It is worthwhile doing sthIt is worthwhile to do sth做某事是值得的做某事是值得的比较Be worth+n=be worthy of+nThe matter is worth consideration.The matter is worthy of consideration.这件事值得考虑Be worth doing=be worthy of being done主动表被动主动表被动 =be worthy to be doneThe matter is worth consideringThe matter is worthy of being consideredThe matter is worthy of to be considered这件事值得考虑We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。watch sb do sth看到某人做某事（全过程）看到某人做某事（全过程）watch sb doing sth 看到某人做某事（瞬时动作）看到某人做某事（瞬时动作）nest n 巢，窝巢，窝We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。bond n联系，关系，结合，纽带联系，关系，结合，纽带the bond between A and B A与与B 之间的联系之间的联系/关系关系Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。spend time（in）doing sth花费时间做某事花费时间做某事Observe Vt 观察；观测；遵守观察；观测；遵守Observe sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事观察某人正在做某事Observe sb do sth观察某人做了某事观察某人做了某事Observe sth done观察到某事被做观察到某事被做n 遵守；履行；庆祝遵守；履行；庆祝Do you observe Christmas in China？See 看戏，看电影，观光Watch 看比赛，看电视，看表演Observe 从不同角度长时间地看并研究Observe 后接动词不定式作宾补时，在主动语态在主动语态中不带中不带to，在被动语态中需要带，在被动语态中需要带to类似用法类似用法一感一感feel二听二听hear；listen to三让三让make；let；have四看四看see；watch；observe；noticeThe woman was observed to follow him有人看到那个女人跟着他有人看到那个女人跟着他Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。childhood n童年；幼年时代童年；幼年时代in ones childhood在某人的童年时代在某人的童年时代However,this was not easy.但是，这不是一件简单的事。When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。It is/was+adj+for/of sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是的在此句式中，究竟用for还是of，取决于介词前的adj形容事物特征的词important,strange,necessary等，用for。形容人的品质的词polite,kind,patient,nice等用ofIt is important for us to look into the world.It is kind of you to do this for meOnly after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。Only+状语（从句）位于句首，句子部分倒装状语（从句）位于句首，句子部分倒装（助动词（助动词/情态动词情态动词+sb+动词）动词）Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to himHer work changed the way people think about chimps.她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。For example,one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。had thought 原来以为（但现在不这样想了）原来以为（但现在不这样想了）She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other,and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。work out计算出，找出计算出，找出的答案，处理，解决，的答案，处理，解决，制定计划，弄清楚制定计划，弄清楚For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。outspoken adj直言的；坦诚直言的；坦诚Be outspoken about doing sth对做某事直言不讳对做某事直言不讳拓展拓展Speak out说出来说出来outspoken adj直言的直言的Stand out站出来站出来outstanding adj突出的，杰出的突出的，杰出的Come over越过，走过越过，走过overcome v克服克服Come out出来出来outcome n结果结果respect -respectful adj表示尊敬的表示尊敬的1.vt尊敬，尊重，尊敬，尊重，respect sb for因因尊重某人尊重某人respect oneself自重自重Respect yourself，or one else will respect you2.【U】尊敬，尊重尊敬，尊重show/have respect for尊重，尊敬尊重，尊敬gain/lose ones respect获得获得/失去某人的尊敬失去某人的尊敬earn/win respect赢得尊敬赢得尊敬out of respect for出于对出于对的尊敬的尊敬3.方面in every respect/in all respects在各个方面在各个方面in respect of/with respect to 关于关于代我向某人问好send my best wishes to sbgive my regards to sbgive my respects to sbremember me to sb She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。argue1.vt&vi讨论；辩论；争论讨论；辩论；争论argue for/against赞成赞成/反对反对argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事与某人争论某事2.说服说服argue sb into doing sth=persuade sb to do sth/into doing sth说服某人做某事说服某人做某事argue sb out of doing sth=persuade sb not to do sth/out of doing sth说服某人不做某事说服某人不做某事argument n争论；争辩；争吵争论；争辩；争吵beyond argument无可争论无可争论argue 指举出理由或事实来与对方争辩，有企图说服对方的含义quarrel争吵，吵架discuss讨论，为了解决问题或弄清楚对方的观点而交换意见debate着重双方各自陈述理由，尤其是公开的，正式的场合entertainment n款待；娱乐；娱乐表演款待；娱乐；娱乐表演=amusementmuch to ones entertainment让某人感到非让某人感到非常有趣的是常有趣的是give an entertainment to sb招待某人招待某人entertain v使欢乐，使有兴趣，招待，款待使欢乐，使有兴趣，招待，款待entertaining adj 有趣的，使人愉快的有趣的，使人愉快的entertain sb with sth用某物招待用某物招待/款待某人款待某人She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。set up建立；创办；成立建立；创办；成立She is leading a busy life but she says:她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：lead alife过着过着的生活的生活Lead/live/have a happy/quiet/hard life过着幸福的过着幸福的/宁静的宁静的/艰难的生活艰难的生活同源宾语结构同源宾语结构dream a terrible dream做一个噩梦做一个噩梦die a wonderful death死得英勇死得英勇fight a wonderful fight打一个漂亮仗打一个漂亮仗sleep a good sleep睡一个好觉睡一个好觉sing a beautiful song唱一首动听的蛤唱一首动听的蛤smile a merry smile愉快地微笑愉快地微笑Once I stop,it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.Its terrible.“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海拓展拓展crowd in on sb涌上某人心头，涌入某人脑海涌上某人心头，涌入某人脑海crowd into/on ones mind用上某人的心头用上某人的心头crowd round/around聚集在聚集在周围，聚拢周围，聚拢crowd into 挤进挤进（想法、问题等）涌入脑海（想法、问题等）涌入脑海crowdout把把挤出，排挤挤出，排挤crowd n人群；观众人群；观众 vt挤满；使拥挤挤满；使拥挤crowded adj拥挤的，充满的拥挤的，充满的be crowded with被被挤满挤满/充满充满It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。affect vt影响影响effect n影响；结果，效果影响；结果，效果I say to myself,Arent they lucky?我会对自己说：难道它们不幸运吗？say to oneself=think to oneself心里想心里想talk to oneself自言自语自言自语And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget.一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记”She has achieved everything she wanted to do:working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctors degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。achieve vt（通过努力）获得或达到；实现（通过努力）获得或达到；实现achieve success获得成功获得成功achieve ones dream实现某人的梦想实现某人的梦想gain a doctors degree获得博士学位获得博士学位She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。inspire vt鼓舞；激发；启示鼓舞；激发；启示inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事激励某人做某事inspire sb with sth=inspire sth in sb激起某人某种情感激起某人某种情感inspiration n灵感，鼓舞灵感，鼓舞inspired adj受到鼓舞的，得到灵感的受到鼓舞的，得到灵感的inspiring adj激励人心的，吸引人的激励人心的，吸引人的cheer vt为为喝彩喝彩Support page31.n赞成，拥护，支持in support of=in favor of支持2.v供养，抚养，资助support sb in sth在某方面支持某人support oneself自己谋生support ones family养家糊口3.支撑My bike cant support the weight of your baggage。Argument page41.【CU】争吵，争论，争辩Have an argument with sb about sth为某事和某人吵架Get into an argument与某人争论Without an argument 毫无疑义的Settle an argument 解决争端2.【C】理由，论据，论点Argument for/against赞成/反对的理由Look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起 page4look up to尊敬look around/round四下察看，环顾look after照顾，照看look through审视，快速查看，浏览look forward to doing 期待做某事look into 调查 Look out 向外看，注意，小心look on旁观look on as把看作look sb up and down上下打量某人Refer to page 51.和有关，涉及The text refers to the women.2.查阅；参考You may refer to your notes if you want3.指，指的是“The True North”refers to a train that crosses the whole continent of Canada from west to east.“真北方号”指的是一列火车，从西到东穿越加拿大内陆。注意：refer-referred-referred同样用法 prefer/inferreference n提及，参考，查阅reference book参考书参考，查阅，咨询的表达法refer to/consult/turn to the dictionarylook upin thedictionary语法主谓一致主谓一致在英语中，主谓一致指的是句子中的谓语动词在人称人称和数数上必须保持一致三原则：语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则1.语法一致原则语法形式上取得一致句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式The apple is ripeThese apples are ripeThe number of mistakes are-is surprising.To be polite is a good manner.考例(2006.陕西)The construction of the two new railway lines by now.A.has been completed B.have been completedC.has completedD.have completed 答案答案A 解析解析 考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。本句意为本句意为“到目前为止，两条新铁路线的建造工作已被完成到目前为止，两条新铁路线的建造工作已被完成”句子主语是句子主语是construction,单数，故排除单数，故排除B、D 两项两项;complete 作动词表示完成，结束作动词表示完成，结束”时为及物动词，故用被动语态形式。时为及物动词，故用被动语态形式。意义一致原则即谓语动词该用单数形式，还是复数形式，取决于主语所表达的内容在含以上是单数还是复数意义The Chinese are industrious中国人是勤劳的The USA is a developed country美国是个发达国家集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数形式单数形式;如果强调其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如果强调其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有army,audience,class,committee(委员会),company,crowd,family,group,government,majority,minority,organization,party,population,staff(全体工作人员),team,enemy 等。My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。(强调整体性)My family are all music lovers.我的家人都是音乐爱好者。(强调个体成员)像news新闻，works工厂，politics政治，physics物理等词，虽然形式上是以-s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。用单数形式。This works was built in 2000Maths is my favorite subjects相反，crowd，people，police，cattle等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，故谓语动词用复数The crowd were running for their livesEvery possible means to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clearA is usedB are usedC has been usedD have been used 答案C 解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态问题。主语的means为单数名词，意为“手段、方法”，因此，要先排除B和D项;根据句意“所有阻止空气污染的方法都用过了，但空气还是不干净”，可见，此处应该用现在完成时，故选C。临近原则谓语动词该用单数还是复数，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的数另外，or，eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also 连接两个名词或代词作主语的时候，或由there，here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与他邻近的主语保持一致There is a book and three pens on the desk。Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon。需要注意的一些特殊情况由and 连接的复合名词作主语时，如表示复数概念，相应的谓语动词要用复数形式The maths teacher and the headmaster have attended the meetingThe maths teacher and headmaster has attended the meeting有时and连接两个名词指同一个人，同一件同一个人，同一件事情或者同一个概念事情或者同一个概念，这时and后的名词前没有冠词，其谓语动词用单数形式。The writer and the teacher are comingThe writer and teacher is comingA poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoonA isB areC wasD were常见的由and 连接两个名词指一个概念的形式The needle and thread 针线Salt and water 盐水The fork and knife 刀叉Soap and water 肥皂水Iron and steel 钢铁Bread and butter奶油面包如果and 后面加not，谓语动词也用单数My friend，and not hers，is chosen to join the army由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every修饰时，其谓语动词用单数Each actor and each actress was invited主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，as much as，no less than，rather than，more than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语，谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。The driver，rather than his friends，is responsible for the traffic accidentProfessor smith,along with his assistants on the project day and night to meet the deadlineA workB workingC is workingD are workingEither，neither，each，every或no+单数可数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone等作主语，都作单数看待。Each of us has a new penSomething around us is matter在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词可用单数或复数。可用单数或复数。Neither of the books is/are interesting以few，a few，many，both，both of 等词或词组修饰复数可数名词时，句子中的谓语动词用复数；A little，much，a great deal of，A large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式Very few students go to the cinemaA large amount of damage was done in quite a short timeA number of 表示”很多“的意思，修饰可数名词的复数，做主语时，谓语动词用复数The number of 表示”数量、号码“做主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式As you can see，the number of cars on our roads rising these daysA was keepingB keepC keepsD were keepingLarge quantities of+可数或不可数名词，large amounts of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数The quantity of+可数或不可数名词，the amount of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Large amounts of money were spent on the teaching buildingThe amount of money is greatThe quantity of heat in the office has not been increasedWith more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of earth each yearA is washing awayB is being washed awayC are washing away D are being washed awaykOne and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但做主语时，谓语动词用单数One and a half bananas is left on the tablel如果主语由more than one+n 或many a+n 构成，尽管从意义上是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数Many a student is fond of collecting stampsm冠词the+形容词或分词表示一类人时，动词用复数 The brave/poor/rich/blind/young/old/sick等14One of+复数名词+谓语的结构中，谓语动词用单数形式One of the boys has got a priceOne of+复数名词+定语从句 句型中，定语从句用的谓语动词用复数He is one of the students who always help othersHe is the one of the students who always helps others如果one 前面加定冠词the 或the only，那么，后面定语从句中谓语动词用单数She was the only one of my classmates that comes from americaHe is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A isB areC have beenD has been15表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度数学运算等的词或词组做主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看做是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式Three weeks is a short time1000 is a large number16分数+of+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致，分数作主语，要根据其代表的单复数概念，确定单复数形式The company had about 20 notebook computer but only one-third used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were17动词不定式，动词-ing，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数Seeing is believingTo begin is half doneUnit 1 WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?为什么不继续她的事业？为什么不继续她的事业？carry on（with）sthcarry on doing sth继续做某事继续做某事carry out执行，实施执行，实施I enjoyed English,biology,and chemistry at school,but which one should I choose to study at university?上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。notu