新概念第一册lesson1-72重要句型知识点及语法点.doc

Key Points For NCE One Lesson 1—72
一：重要会话
1 Is this your… ? Yes ,it is No, It isn’t my umbrella ,It’s your umbrella .
2 Nice to meet you 初次见面见到你很高兴 How do you do ?
3 Is she a French student or an English student ? She isn’t a French student ,she is an English student .
4 What nationality are you ?/ what is your nationality ? I am Chinese (加某国家的人)
5 What’s your/ his /her ? She/ he is a / an +职业（teacher, engineer ,,policeman, housewife…）
6 Is she an air hostess ? yes ,she is / No ,she isn’t Are you a milkman ? Yes ,I am
7 How are you ? I am fine /ok How is she/he /具体人名 she/he /具体人名is fine / ok.
8 Whose is this shirt? This is my/your /his/ her/具体人名’s(比如Jack’s) shirt
9 What color is your new dress? It’s grey/ brown/black /…
10 Come upstairs and see it 到楼上看看。
11Are your friends Danish ? No they aren’t ,they are Swedish.
12 Are these your tickets ? Yes ,they are . what color are your shoes? They are black .
13 What is the matter with you ? I am tired and thirsty . 你怎么了啊？ 我又累又渴。
14 Are you all right now ? 你现在好些了吗/
15 Give me/him/ her/ us/ them a book . which one ? The white one or the red one ?
Give me/him/ her/ us/ them some books . which ones ? The white ones or the red ones?
16 Where is it ? It is in the middle of the room.
Where are the trousers ? They are on the bed.
17 What must I do ? You must take off you coat .
18 What is he /she/it doing? He/she/it is making the bed / typing the letters.
19 What are you going to do ?(你打算做某事，还未做) I am going to paint the bookcase (我准备给书架上色)
What are you doing (正在做某事) I am painting the bookcase (我正在给书架上色)
20 What are you going to with vase (你打算怎么处理那个花瓶) I am going to send it to my teacher (我打算送给我老师)
21 Is there a passport here ? Yes ,there is ,there is one on the table
Is there any bread (不可数)here ？ Yes ,there is some on the table .
23 Do you like coffee ? Yes ,I do No ,I don’t Does she /he /具体的人 like coffee ? yes ,she does
Do you want a cup of coffee ? Yes ,please No ,thanks
24 Where do you come from ? I come from +国家名
25 What’s the weather like in your country? It is pleasant .
26 Which seasons do you like best ? I like spring best= my favorite season is spring .
27 What does she do in the morning ? She often dusts the cupboard in the morning .
28 What’s the matter with him ? What must he do ? She has a toothache ,so she must see the dentist.
29 Don’t play with matches 不要玩火柴 You mustn’t play with matches 你不应该玩火柴 （mustn’t 不准）
You must go to bed (must ：应该)
二 重要词组
1 Excuse me 打扰一下 2 go to school 去上学/ go to the school 去学校 3 come from =be from 来自
4 on the right /left 在右边/左边 5 in the middle of 在…中间 6 near the window 在窗户旁边
7 make the bed 铺床 8 open the window and air the room 打开窗户给房间通通气 9 empty the basket 清空篮子
10 put on 穿上 11 take off 脱掉 12 turn on the light 开灯 13 turn off the light 关灯
14 turn up 声音调高 15 turn down 调低 16 run after 追逐 17 type a letter 打信 18 clean the tooth 刷牙
19 paint +东西+颜色 把…漆成… 20 work hard 工作努力 21 next door 隔壁 22 to tell the truth 老实说
23 by +交通工具，表乘… on foot 步行 go to school by bus =take a bus to school ,乘车去上学
Walk to school =go to school on foot 走路去学校 提问用how 如 How do you go to school ?
24 have a cold 感冒 have a temperature /headache/stomachache/ toothache发烧//头痛/胃痛/牙痛
25 see a doctor/dentist 看医生/牙医 26 take the medicine 服药 27 come upstairs 上楼 go downstairs 下楼
28 keep the room warm 使房间保持暖和 29 stay in bed for another two days 卧床再两天
30 play with matches 玩火柴 31 make a noise 弄出噪音 32 the key to the door 门的钥匙
31 enjoy yourself =have a good time 玩的开心 32 at the butcher’/hairdresser’/stationer’s/doctor’s 在肉店/理发店/文具店
32 hundreds of 数以百计的 one hundred / two hundred （具体数字+hundred）
33 on the way home /on the way to school 在回家路上/在去学校路上 34 answer the phone 接电话
35 be absent from school 学校缺课 36 go to bed 去睡觉 37 get up 起床
36 get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get ready for 为...作准备 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth.   =get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物 get on/along well with sb/sth.    与某人相处很好，...进展顺利  
三 单词归类
1形容词的反义词
Fat—thin ,tall/long—short ,dirty—clean ,hot—cold ,old—young /new ,busy—lazy ,big—small, open—shut, light—heavy,
Empty—full, large—little, sharp—blunt ,fresh—stale ,early—late ,right—left
2 表职业的词（jobs）：keyboard operator ,engineer ,policeman ,policewoman, taxidriver ,air hostess ,postman ,nurse ,mechanic , hairdresser ,housewife , milkman ,butcher ,teacher ,boss , sales reps, office assistant ,baker
3 表颜色的词（colors）:blue ,white ,green ,brown ,grey, black ,yellow ,orange ,purple ,pink ,red
4 Meat : beef ,steak ,lamb ,chicken ,pork ,mince ,
5动词catch, give, shut, open, sweep, put dust, empty, sharpen, climb ,type ,eat ,clean ,cook ,walk ,sleep .shave ,cry ,wash ,wait ,jump ,paint ,work ,drop ,show ,send ,take ,find ,lift ,want ,
rain ,snow ,rise ,set ,stay ,remain ,break ,drive ,talk ,enjoy ,hear ,spend ,answer ,boil
6 stationery (文具) glue ,envelope ,writing paper ,chalk ,pad ,glue ,newspaper ,magazine
7 groceries (杂货) cheese ,honey ,butter ,jam ,biscuit ,tobacco , ,chocolate ,coffee ,tea, sugar ,cigarette
8 vegetables : tomato ,potato ,cabbage ,lettuce ,pea ,bean
9 fruits : strawberry ,watermelon ,pineapple ,mango ,peach ,grape ,coconut ,
10 家具：desk ,table .plate ,cupboard ,television ,floor ,dressing table ,stereo ,refrigerator ,electric cooker ,wardrobe
11国家名及人（见书p108,104 Korea—Korean ,China—Chinese ,Japan—Japanese ,France—French ,Germany—German）
12 东南西北 east ,south ,west ,north 春夏秋冬 spring ,summer ,autumn ,winter
13 星期： Monday ,Tuesday ,Wednesday ,Thursday, Friday ,Saturday ,Sunday )
14 月份p102
15clothes : tie ,dress ,blouse ,shirt ,skirt ,coat ,hat ,
四语法部分
1. There be 结构  英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
举例 There is a river near our school.
否：There is not a river near our school. 问：Is there a river near our school. 回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school? ⑵What’s near our school?   
注意： There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 
比较：There are two girls and one boy in the classroom There is one boy and two girls in….
2 一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。标志性的词
(1)含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. Are Tim and Jack students?
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher? Are Tim and Jack students?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. Tim and Jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not.
(2) 不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子
第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books.
★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。He doesn’t like books.
★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
注意：第三人称单数一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do the students like smart teachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t. You don’t want to have a bath. The students don’t like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
(3) 标志性的词（everyday ,often ,always,often ,sometimes…
(4) 提问：How do you usually go to school ? What does she usually do ¿
3 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成： 主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词
We are having lunch. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Are we having lunch? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river?
★变否定句在be动词后面加 not
We are not having lunch. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing?
没有进行时的动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1. 表示感觉，感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
现在分词的形成：1）在动词后直接加ing 如cleaning ,reading …2)以e 结尾的去e加ing 如having dinner ,making the bed … 3)双写最后一个字母(sitting ,swimming ,shutting ,putting )
4 情态动词can 后面加动词原形
肯定句 I can put my hat on She can make cakes
疑问句 把can提前 Can I put my hat on ? Can she make cakes ? Yes ,she can ,No, she can’t
否定句 在can后加not I can’t put my hat on . She can’t make cakes
5介词与表时间的名词的搭配
At +某一时刻：at night / at noon / at dawn(黄昏)/midnight（午夜/at present /at the moment此刻/at grocers’杂货店
On : 表确定的某一天，生日，节日或某日的上下午晚上on Sunday/ on oct.1st/on Christmas eve /on the morning of children’s day /on my birthday/on a cold day .
In +季节/年份/月份/早，下，晚上/ in the morning
6 时刻表达法：1)整点用o’clock 2) 半点用half （6：30 half past six ）
3) 1—29 分的 用公式 “过了的时间+past + 整点“ （3：20 20 past three ）
4) 31—59分用公式 “不到下一个整点的时间+to +(整点+1)” （ 1：58 two to two）
7
主格（放句子的最前面）
宾格（放在动词的后面）
形容词性物主代词（修饰名词）
名词性物主代词
I (I am a girl )
me (Give me a book)
My (My name is SuSan)
mine
You (You are beautiful)
you (I love you)
Your (This is your book)
yours
He (He is Chinese )
him ( I show him my book)
His ( His job is a teacher )
his
She ( She likes tea )
her (Give her a pen)
Her (Her shirt is white )
hers
It (It is eating a bone )
it ( put it on)
Its (Its name is Mimi)
its
We (We are friends )
us (She loves us )
Our ( These are our books)
ours
They (They are my books )
them (Give them some books
Their (their jobs are engineers )
theirs
8 ．名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
不可数名词
无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk rice（米）
抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness（寒冷）
不可数名词有以下特点： 不能用a, an修饰 不能加s 和单数be动词或动词搭配
可数名词：
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1
一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells book→books
规则2
以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches
规则3
以o结尾s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radio→radios
规则4
以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives
规则5
以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies

不规则变化的名词复数形式
单数
man
woman
foot
goose
tooth
复数
men
women
feet
geese
teeth
单数
child
sheep
deer
mouse
fish
复数
children
sheep
deer
mice
fish

9 some +可数名词复数或不可数名词 some apples , some milk Some 只用在肯定句中，而在疑问句和否定句中要把some 改成any I want some tea ------Do you want any tea ------I don’t want any tea .
10 any修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money.
11 a /an +可数名词单数 首字母发元音 +an an American girl ,an apple ,an English book .
12 情态动词 can ,must 后面跟动词原形
She can make the tea . ---Can she make the tea ---She can’t make the tea .
You must stay in bed for two days (你必须卧床两天) --- You mustn’t eat rich food 你不准吃油腻的实物 。
13 祈使句（第二人称）
祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语
★肯定句 动词原型 例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾
Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please.
★否定：Don't+动词原型 Don't come here. Don’t sit down. Don’t stand up. Don’t give me it.
let sb. Do Let me pass. Let us have a rest. Let’s have a rest.
14 常见缩写：
is=’s I am=I’m are=’re is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/ do not=don’t does not=doesn’t
did not=didn’t can not=can’t have=’ve has=’s
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t will=’ll will not=won’t shall not=sh