现在完成时态讲解和练习.doc

(完整word)现在完成时态讲解和练习现在完成时态讲解及练习一、现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/ has + done （过去分词）+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years。一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词）+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它He has not finished his homework。过去分词的构成方法如下：1。一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加ed.work-workedanswer-answeredobey-obeyedwant-wanted2。以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加d.Move-movedhopehoped divide-divided3。字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed。study-studied tidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4。以重读闭音节结尾的词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。 stopstoppedregret-regretted drop-dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 专业知识分享 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1.花费costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.伤害hurthurthurt4。让letletlet5。放putputput6。朗读readreadread7.设置setsetset8。打击，碰撞hithithit9。关上门窗shutshutshut10.让letletlet二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1） 过去式、过去分词含有ought1.带来bringbroughtbrought2.买buyboughtbought3。打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.寻找、探究seeksoughtsought2） 过去式、过去分词含有-aught5。抓住catchcaughtcaught6。教teachtaughttaught3） 过去式、过去分词t替换原形d7。建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花费spendspentspent10。派遣sendsentsent4） 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d11。学会learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12。意思meanmeantmeant13.燃烧burnburnt/edburnted13.做梦dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.处理dealdealtdealt14。听hearheardheard5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15。保持keepkeptkept16。睡觉sleepsleptslept17.扫sweepsweptswept6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt18。感觉feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼写spellspelt/edspelt/ed7) 过去式、过去分词改为aid20。孵蛋laylaidlaid21。说saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8) 过去式、过去分词改为old23.卖sellsoldsold24.告诉telltoldtold9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood25站standstoodstood26。明白understandunderstoodunderstood10) 其它变化27。得到getgotgot（gotten)28。坐sitsatsat29。照顾babysitbabysatbabysat30.离开leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32。找到findfoundfound33。有have（has）hadhad34.握住，召开holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36。悬挂hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39。赢winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引导，导致leadledled43遇见meetmetmet三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）1。变成becamebecomebecome2.来comecamecome3.跑runranrun四、 ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1) . 过去分词在过去式或原形后加n或-en1。击败beatbeatbeaten2.破坏breakbrokebroken3。驾驶drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5.落下fallfellfallen6。给givegavegiven7.生长growgrewgrown8。知道knowknewknown9。吹blowblewblown10。扔throwthrewthrown11。展示showshowedshown12.弄错mistakemistookmistaken13.拿taketooktaken14。摇动shakeshookshaken15。说speakspokespoken16.选择choosechosechosen 2) 三种形式都有变化1是be(is， am; are）was; werebeen2开始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飞flyflewflown6忘记forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8骑rideroderidden9打电话ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13写writewrotewritten14去gowentgone二、现在完成时标志词：recently； recent years; these days/ years; lately； since； for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since； in the last five months； up to now; since then; so far； ever; never， yet； once； twice; already； before; justalready （已经)： 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet（已经）: 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ？never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前） Have you seen the film before？since(自从以来） Ive worked in the school since 1999。for（长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently（最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年）三、现在完成时的用法 1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响.常与already(已经）， yet（已经)， just(刚刚)，ever（曾经)等词连用。 Already， yet的用法already: 常用于肯定句中. yet： 常用于否定句,疑问句尾。 Someone has broken the window。 （窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙）I havent read that book yet 。 （不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands。 (手是干净的）3) 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.since ， for 的用法：since: (自以来）1）since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock。2）since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3）since+ 从句for： （长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years。He has lived in Beijing since he was born 。Have you stayed here since 3 oclock？四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been inhave /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.2。Where is Jim？ -He has gone to England（尚未回来）3。 I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了.1、现在完成时的 完成用法 现在完成时的 完成用法” 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如: He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。（ 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 - 灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时 完成用法 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 （ 如: never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如: this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ） 连用.例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2、现在完成时的 未完成用法 现在完成时的 ” 未完成用法 ” 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：1。 He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿. （ 动作起始于 1978 年,一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了.（ 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 （ 由 since 或 for 引导 ） ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 （ 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now。 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 3。 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用,瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作状态动作状态diebe deadbeginbe onborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1。他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. 2。Nick 参军3年了。 Nick has been in the army for 3 years3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time。4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have had/kept the book for 4 months。 五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1） 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是” 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 。如： The film started at 7 oclock。 He has been a teacher for many years. （2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday， last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just， already, ever， never 等副词和 these days， this week, since。., for.。/since.。.ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用.(3 ） 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对 ” 现在 ” 产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998。 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 ） (4）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer。 吉尔买了一台新电脑. （ 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 ) 看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A) Have you seen the film? （B)Did you see the film？ 说明 你看过这部电影吗？ (A） 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解; (B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容.(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. （B） He lived in Beijing for 8 years. 说明 他在北京住了 8 年. （A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。 (B） 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了.练 习一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1. be_-_2。 come_-_3. go_-_4. do_5。 have_-_6. drink_-_7. give_8. eat_-_9。 know_10. run_-_11. say_12. see_13。 find_14。 draw_15. get_-_16. hear_-_17。 begin_18. buy_-_19。 leave_-_20 become _21 break _22 bring _-_23 build _-_24 bite _-_25 catch _26 choose _-_27 cut _-_28 fall _-_29 fly _-_30 forget _31 grow _32 hit _-_33 hurt _34 keep _-_35 lend _-_36 lose _-_37 meet _-_38 put _39 read _40 ring _-_二、用for 或since填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years。 2。 Ive taken driving lessons _ last month. 3。 My sister has had her cell phone _ a month . 4。 My friends havent visited me _ my birthday。 5。 We havent used our car _ a long time 。 6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years。 7。 Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old。 8。Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.9。 Mr. Jason has been in Paris _ three days.10。 My aunt has lived in Australia_15days.11. Margaret is in her office。 She has been there _7 oclock.12. India has been an independent country _ 1974。13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_ many years。14. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _October。三、改写句子,使原句的意思不变，每空一词.1。 The English professor arrived here about a week agoThe English professor _ _ here for about a week 。2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago . Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours 。3. The French musician came to China last month ， and he is still here 。The French musician _ _ _ China for a month .4. He joined the army in 1985 .He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 。5. He joined the League half a year ago . He has been a League _ _ half a year . 6. The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _ already _ _ for five minutes .7. The girl bought a new school bag in September 。 The girl _ _ the school bag since September 。8. The shop closed last winter .The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9。 The film began ten minutes ago 。The film _ _ _ for ten minutes 。10. The dog died two days ago 。The dog _ _ _ for two days .11。 The meeting ended last _month 。 The meeting _ _ _ for a month . 四、用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1.-Where is your brother？ He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2。 _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3。 Here you are at last! Where _ you _？ I _ London.4。 David _ Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5。 Is Benny here? No， he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.五、用所给动词的适当形式填空1。I _ （wait) for him for two hours 。 I am very angry。2。He _ (be） a doctor since he was twenty。3。The film _ (be) on for fifteen minutes。 4。 _ you ever _ （read) that book before?5. _ you ever _ (try） to change her？6。No one _ （arrive) here yet.7。 _ the bus _ （leave) yet？8。I _ (not talk) to him yet。9. I _ already _ (make) the bed。10. They _ just _ （go）。 They will be back soon.11。 When _ you _ (meet） him ？ Last night or this morning？12。 She _ (not come） here recently 。13。 She _ (never see) the man before 。14。 I _ （meet) him before， but I forget his name。15。 It is eleven oclock. He _ (not come) back yet。16. He _ (write） five stories so far .17。 She _ （be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much。18. _she _(call） on you lately ？选择题1、Bothhisparentslooksad . Maybethey_whatshappenedtohim 。A。knew B.have known C。must know D. will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai ， hashe ？A。alreadyB. never C。 ever D。 still3、HaveyoumetMrLi _？A.just B。ago C. before D。a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year 。A. iswriting B. waswritingC。 wrote D. haswritten5、Our country_ a lot so far 。Yes 。 I hope it will be even _ 。A。 haschanged ； well B。changed ; good C。 haschanged ; better D。changed ； better6、Zhao Lan _already_in this school for two years 。A. was ； studyingB。 will ; study C. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl .A. know B。hadknown C. haveknown D.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film 。I_ it twice 。A.willsee B。haveseen C。saw D. see9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates 。Really ？ When _there ？A。 willtheygoB.didtheygo C.dotheygoD。havetheygone10、_ you _ yourhomeworkyet ？Yes . I _itamomentago .A。Did ； do ； finished B。Have ; done ; finishedC。Have ; done ; havefinished D。will ; do ; finish11、Hisfather_ thePartysince1978 。A。joined B。has joined C.was in D。hasbeenin12、Do you know him well ？Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago 。A.were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you_ here ?About two months 。A.been B。gone