初中介词专项测验.doc

中考专题一之介词
一、考纲解读
熟悉掌握常用介词的基本用法（表示时间、地点、方式等），以及一些常见的固定搭配。由于每个介词都可以表达不同的含义，且无规律可循，因此在备考时考生应该注意收集介词和各类词搭配构成的短语。
二、 考点一 时间介词
分类
基本用法
例子
时间介词
at 多用于表示具体的时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的时间大多比较短暂。还有at+年龄=at the age of
at seven 在七点；at a quarter to one 在12点45分at noon 在正午；at night 在晚上，深夜，入睡时刻at midnight在午夜
in用于月、四季年，年代，世纪或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。其后还可以加时间段，用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以后”，此时常用于一般将来时。
in the ___ century 在21世纪
in 1990; in August; in the evening 在晚上
in autumn 在秋天；in the morning 在早上；
in the 1990s 在20世纪九十年代
They will finish the work in an hour.
on 主要用于日期、星期、节日等具体的某一天前；具体某一天的早上、中午、晚上前；morning, afternoon, evening, night等前有修饰词时也用on。
on Mid-Autumn Day; on June 1st;
on Monday; on September 3rd, 1990;
On a cold winter morning in 1996.
since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接表示过去的时间点；主句用现在完成时
He has studied English since 2000.
from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.
for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段。
I have studied English for 6 years.
after: (1)后加时间段，表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；
（2）与时间点连用可用于一般现在/过去/将来时
They finished the work after two years.
他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。
I will ring you up after two o’clock.
两点之后，我将会打电话给你。
until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才……”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词需要延续性动词
I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home.
I waited for my mother until she came home.
我等我妈妈直到她回家为止。
by +时间点，表示“到……为止”，如果by 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如果by 后面跟一个过去的时间点用过去完成时
We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.到上个学期末为止，我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。
“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作
He lives with us during these years.
before表示时间。单独用时（adv）常用于完成时态；
后接从句时（连词）从句常用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；后面从句如果是一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；后接时间点（介词），意为“在……之前”
I have never been to Beijing before!
I will finish my homework before the TV play begins.
The train had left before I arrived the station.
Please bring your homework before ten o’clock.
1、 at the end of------，“在-------的底/末”，“在-------的尽头”，（后可加时间或地点）。常用一般将来时或一般过去时。句中的动词一般无延续性。
in the end， “最后”“终于”=at last =finally（只用来表示时间）
by the end of-------“到-------底/末”，（只用来表示时间），常用于过去完成时或一般将来时。句中的动词一般有延续性。
2、 in+时间段 “-------以后”， 用于一般将来时；。
after+时间段 “-------以后”，常用于一般过去时
另外，in后不能加时间点。after后能加时间点，常用于一般将来时，也可用于其他时态。
3、in the past, “在过去”，与过去时连用；
in the past/last+时间段，“在过去的···中”， 常与现在完成时连用，（表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内）。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
3、in time 及时 on time按时
三、 考点二 地点介词
分类
基本用法
例子
地点介词
at 多用于较小的地点前（时间at 用于较短时间；arrive at 加小地点）
at the bus stop; at home
arrive at the airport 到达机场
in 用在较大的地方前，arrive in 加大地点
arrive in China; in the world 在世界上
on 表示“在……上面”，强调表示接触
Look at the book on the desk.
over（反义词under）表示“在……正上方”，表示垂直在上（不接触）
There is a bridge over the river.河上面有一座桥。
above（反义词below） 表示“在……上面”，泛指上方（不接触）
Raise your arms above your head.把你的胳膊举到头上。
in front of 表示“在……前面”（范围外）
There are some trees in front of the classroom.（大树在教室外面）
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”（范围内）
Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.（教室里面的前面）
before所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用，表示“在……前面”
He sits in front of/before me.
behind“在…后面”，是in front of 的反义词
Don’t hide behind the tree.
at the back of 表示“在……后部”，是in the front of 的反义短语
There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.
我们教室后部有块黑板。
by 表示“在……旁边”，与beside 同义
We live by the river. 我们住在河边。
beside“在……旁边”，强调靠近；
besides 连词，“除了----，还有----”“而且”
Who’s that girl beside the boy?
在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁？
near“在……附近”，距离比by 和next to 远
Is there a hospital near here?
next to “紧邻，在……旁边”，相当于close to
The boy next to her is my classmate.
between “在……之间”，强调两者之间或众多事物的“两两之间”
You must choose one between her and me.
among“在……之间”，表示“三者或三者以上之间”
He is the tallest among all the children.
around“在……周围”，强调环境
Let’s show you around the city. 让我们带你在城里转转。
into表示有特定的运动方向，常用动词连用，意为“进入”
The hare ran into the forest. 野兔跑进了森林。
The students are going into the school bus in order/one by one.
out of“从……里面出来”，与into意思相反
The hare came out of its cave. 野兔从它的洞里出来了。
The students are coming out of the school bus one by one.

through表示从空间“穿过”
The little dog can go through the hole in the door.
那只小狗能从门洞里钻出来。
across表示从平面“穿过”river,
Go across the bridge and then turn left. 过桥然后左转。
to (toward, towards)表示方向，意为“到某地”或“朝，向
My father will go to Beijing next week.
The windows open towards the south. 这个窗户向南开。
along 表示 “顺着，沿着”
Go along this street.
（一） across, through, over, past 的区别
易混词
用法
例句
across
表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....表面穿过”之意，或指从一边到另一边而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across
He can swim across the river.
他可以游过这条河。
through
都表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....内部”穿过之意
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。
over
多指在空间范围上“越过”
The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。
past
指“经过”指从旁边经过。
They walked past a tall tree.
他们路过一颗高高的树。
（二）表示方位的介词in,on,to的区别
易混词
用法
例句
in
表示在某一范围之内（内含）
Guangzhou is in the south of China
on
表示与某地是毗邻关系（相切）
Vietnam(越南) is on the south of China
to
表示在某一范围之外（外离）
Japan lies to the east of China
四、考点三 方式介词
（一） in, with 和by表示“用”时的区别
易混词
用法
例句
in
主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等。
还可以用于一些词组中，如：in silence, in surprise, in a loud voice等
Can you sing this song in English?
You can write in black ink.你可以用黑色墨水写。
with
with 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具体的手段或工具（具体有形的东西）
I write my homework with a pen.
by
by表示一种方式或方法，后面的名词不加冠词，也无复数形式。还可以表示用......手段或方式，后常接动名词
They go to school by bike.
The girl made money by selling flowers.
（二） with 和without 的区别
易混词
用法
例句
with
有“和---； 附带，带有”之意。有时候还可以表示“伴随”，如：I like sleeping with the light on
with the help of 在...的帮助下
play with和谁一起玩
a desk with three legs
without
有“没有”之意
without help 没有帮助
without breakfast 没吃早餐
（三）by, in 和on表示旅行方式的区别
by+交通工具的单数
=on/in+修饰词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词等）+交通工具
五、考点四 常用介词的用法及辨析：
（一）in和on的区别
易混词
用法
例句
on the tree
表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”
There are some apples on the trees.树上有些苹果。
in the tree
表示人或其他东西“在树上”
There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。
on the wall
表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。
in the wall
表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”
There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。
（二）after与behind区别
两个词都有“在······后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的“在······之后”，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间方面的“在······之后”。
For examples:
behind the school 在学校后面；after 5 o’clock 5点之后；after the house 在房子后面
（三）、at 和to 表行为对象时的区别
易混词
用法
例句
at
与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意。
shout at 对·····大喊； laugh at 嘲笑
Don’t laugh at others. It is impolite.
to
只表示方向，没有恶意
She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她向我走来并且热情地跟我握手。
（四）、of 和in 用于最高级结构中的区别
易混词
用法
例句
of
后接数词或可数名词复数
Tom is the tallest of the four. 汤姆是这四个孩子中个子最高的。
in
后一般接表示地理区域的可数名词的单数形式
Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。
（五）、to的两种用法的区别
易混词
用法
例句
to
介词+名词，代词或动名词。
pay attention to 注意······；make a contribution to 贡献；get used to 习惯于；prefer···to···更喜欢；look forward to···期待
动词不定式+动词原形
want to do sth.
decide to do sth.
（六）、for, to 和towards的区别
易混词
用法
例句
for
常用在leave, start 后，表示运动的方向或目的。
They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.下个月他们将去北京参加会议。
to
接在go, come, return, move等词后，表示目的地
When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday?假期后，你什么时候返回东莞？
towards
意为“朝，向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思
She walked slowly towards me.
她慢慢地向我走来。
（七）、but, besides 和except的区别
易混词
用法
例句
but
表示“除······之外”，常与含有否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do 时，but后接动名词原形。
We can do nothing but wait.
除了等待我们什么也做不了。
except
表示“除······之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no 等词。
All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
除了吉姆，所有的学生都去了动物园。
besides
表示“除······之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所带的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。
I have a few friends besides you.
除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。
（八）、of sb. 与for sb. 的区别
1、of sb. “对于（某人）”用于 It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
It is very kind of you help the old man./
2、for sb. “对于（某人）”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for 后中的人物与形容词没有主表关系。
It is important for us to study hard.
六、考点五 介词短语
介词在实际运用中常常和名词、动词、形容词等词类构成固定搭配,这些固定搭配在句子中表现十分活跃
1、介词与名词的固定搭配

7 / 7
in a word=in short=in brief总而言之
in one’s life在某人一生中
in time及时 on time准时,按时
at sea在海上 on foot步行
in surprise惊奇地 in a hurry匆忙,急忙 in silence 静静地 in a low voice小声地
in public当众 in person 亲自
in pairs 成对地 in groups 成组地
in the distance在远处
in the middle(center) of在……中间(中心)
in trouble处于困境 in need在危难中 in danger 在危险中 of course当然(可以)
in fact事实上 in total 总共
in+语言 用-----
in the street在街上 on the road 在马路上 by the way顺便说 in this way 用这种方式 in the way 挡道，碍事
in a way 在某种程度上
on the way to---- 在去----路上
on one’ s way to在某人去…的路上
at the meeting在会上 in space在太空by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船
in order妥当,适宜,正常
on display/show陈列,展览
in the daytime在白天
in the night 在夜间 at night 在夜里
at the foot of在……脚下
in line成一直线 in a row 成一排
at the table在桌子旁 at table 在就餐
day by day日复一日
year by year 年复一年
one by one 一个接一个
little by little 一点一点
step by step 一步一步
at school在上学out of breath上气不接下气at the same time同时 by hand手工out of sight消失,看不见 out of work失业on duty值日 on top of在……顶上on the+ 电器 通过-
on the left/right在左边/右边
on the other side of 在-----的另一边
on the other hand 另外一方面
by the time 到----时候

on the other hand 另外一方面
to one’s surprise/joy 使某人吃惊、高兴的是
2介词与形容词的固定搭配（前面一般有be动词）

careful about小心 sure about/of肯定certain about/of对有把握
good at擅长 good for对……有好处good with 善于应付-- good to 对----友好 thankful to 对-----感激
kind to对---友好 friendly to 对---友好
surprised/amazed at对……吃惊
famous/known for因…而出名 famous/known as作为…而出名
ready for为……做好了准备
sorry for对过意不去 late for迟到
different from与…不同
similar to 和---相似
the same as 和---一模一样
be successful in=succeed in在----方面成功
disappointed in对----失望
interested in对……,感兴趣
=take/show interest in 对----感兴趣
proud of=take pride in为而骄傲
tired of厌倦 afraid of害怕
short of短缺 full of=filled with充满familiar to为……所熟悉
satisfied with对……满意
busy with忙于
friendly/kind to对……友好
angry with生---的气
strict with sb,对某人要求严格
strict in sth,对某事要求严格
hard on sb 对----苛刻

3介词与动词的固定搭配

laugh at嘲笑 take part in参加
think of想出 think about考虑，思考
go on with----继续-----
worry about=be worried about为……担心 look after=take care of照看,照料
look like看起来像 look for寻找
-look at 看着 look through 浏览
Look out of 向----外看
look out 小心、当心
look up 查阅
come/get/run out of 从----出来
listen to听--- ---
hear from收到…·来信
=get/receive/have a letter from---
arrive in到达(大地方)
arrive at到达(小地方) get to到达
wait for等候
agree with同意,赞同
think about考虑 think of 认为；想出；
come up with想出 catch up with赶上,追上keep up with跟上，紧跟
come from=be from来自
pay for支付 shout at对……叫嚷
talk about sth谈论某事
talk to/with sb 和某人谈话
speak to sb对某人说
knock at/ on the door敲门
play with玩耍
point at指向 point to指向,表明
shout at对---叫嚷 shout to 大喊某人
hear of听说 look forward to盼望
get on with sb.与某人相处
do well in=be good at在……学/做得好
fall behind落后
turn..into..=change into把……变成 translate ---into 把----翻译-----
help----.with..帮助……做
take/ catch hold of抓住 decide on决定
hand in上交 hand out分发
hand in hand 手拉手
have nothing to do with与…无关
have something to do with与…有关
base on以…面…·为根据
keep---- out of不让……进入
keep----( away) from---使---远离----
leave -for---离开(去另一个地方)
go in for从事,致力于
deal with（how）处置,对待
do with (what) 处理，处置
fill ---with----充满,装满
depend on依靠,依赖,取决于
tie..to..把……·系在……·上
pass on传递 smile at对………微笑
believe in信任 belong to属于
look around向四周看 write to给……写信
show----around 带领某人参观某地
regard .as.把……看作
treat----as-----把---当做---对待
prefer---- to-----比起----更喜欢-----

真题操练
1、 ___ March 8, 2014, the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 passengers ___ it.
A.On; in B. To; on C. At; in D. At; on
2、 The foreigners arrived _____ Shanghai____ night.
A.at; at B. in; at C. in; in D. at; in
3、 Connie arrived _____ the village _____ a snowy night.
A.at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on
4、 They usually go shopping _____ their lunch break.
A. against B. among C. between D. during
5、——What will you do ____ the summer holiday?
——I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will ____ in August.
A.during; be held B. at; hold
C. during; hold D. at; be hold
6、—Do you often go swimming ____ Sunday morning?
—Yes. Why not ____ with me this Sunday?
A.on; go B. in; to go C. on; going D. in; going
7、 I was born___ a Friday morning.
A.in B. on C. at D. for
8、Wow！Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays ___ October.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
9、 My friend, Henry, was born ___ June 10th, 1997.
A.in B. on C. at D. for
10、Welcome to our hotel ! I hope you’ll have a good time____ your stay here.
A. after B. during C. with D. since
11、Both of my parents were born___ 1970.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
12、—When was you born?
—I was born____ a cold winter morning in 1996.
A. in B. on C. at
13、I hear our teacher will be back____ three weeks’ time.
A. at B. in C. for D. after
14、The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _____ the open windows making us feel in a good mood.（心情） A.on; B. with C. through
15、The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he always swims ____ the Pearl River after supper. A. over B. through C. to D. across
16、—Why are you standing, Alice?
—I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall toys are sitting ___ me.
A． behind; B. next to C. between D. in front of
17、Wushu is becoming more and more popular_____ westerners.
A. among B. between C. in D. within
18、——Is this your father home?
——No, he’s working late____the office.
A. on B. at C. of D. to
19、I couldn’t do it ____ your great help. Thanks a lot.
A. with B. without C. for D. to
20、—Kelly, who’s the girl ____ glasses in the photo?
—It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
A. by B. of C. on D. With
21、It’s time ____ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please.
A. to B. in C. at D. for
22、Students are encouraged to share their learning experience ____ their classmates.
A. to B. in C. at D. with
23、You can improve your English ____ practicing more.
A. by B. with C. of D. in
24、____ 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.
A. In; B. At; C. On D. for
25、I like going to school ____ my bike.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
26、After the final exam, Changchang, ____ her mother, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.
A. and B. with C. as well
27、Bill has made great progress ____ the help of his teachers.
A. for B. with C. under
28、—