自动化专业英语复习资料解析.doc

element n、元件，成分 node n、节点 branch n、分支loop n、回路 resistor n、电阻器 impedance n、阻抗analog n、模拟 digital adj、数字的 pulse n、脉冲interface n、接触面，界面 decoder n、解码器 transformer n、变压器 single-phase 单相 pulsate vi、脉动three-phase power三相电源 three-phase circuit 三相电路wye connection 星形连接 delta connection 三角形连接phase voltage 相电压 line voltage 线电压 voltmeter n、电压表 ammeter n、电流表 clamp-on ammeter钳式安培表solid-state adj、固态的 valve n、真空管，活栓semiconductor n、半导体 switching n、开关 diode n、二极管inverter n、反向换流器(逆变器) thyristor n、硅可控整流器inverter thyristor 晶闸管逆变器 transistor n、晶体管substantial adj、牢固的 fluorescent lamp ballast 荧光灯镇流器HVDC transmission system 高压直流输电系统 induction motor 感应电动机 rectifier n、整流器thyratron n、闸流管 ignitron n、引燃管，放电管cycloconverter n、循环变流器 spectrum n、光谱wafer n、圆片，晶片 chopper n、斩波器 polarity n、极性silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) n、可控硅整流器gate turn-off thyristors (GTO) n、门极可关断晶闸管MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) n、MOS控制晶闸管insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) n、绝缘栅双极型晶体管bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) n、双极结型晶体管（三极管）field-effect transistors (FETs) n、场效应管 forward-bias 正向偏置reverse-biased 反向偏置 silicon-controlled 可控硅metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) n、金属氧化层半导体场效应晶体管generator n、发电机 electro-mechanical 机电electromagnetic adj、电磁的 integral adj、积分的commutator n、换向器 turbine n、涡轮机，汽轮机vibrating n、振荡 oscillating v、振荡 hydraulic adj、水力的cylinder n、汽缸 power electronics 电力电子rating ranging额定范围 capacitor n、电容器 inductor n、感应器armature n、电枢 reactance n、电抗 resistance n、电阻transient adj、瞬时的，短暂的 instantaneous adj、瞬间的electromotive force (emf) 电动势 rheostat n、可变电阻器squirrel-cage n、鼠笼式 adapter n、适配器 brushless n、无刷out-of-synchronous adj、不同步的，失步的 substation n、变电站circuit breaker 断路器 compensator n、补偿器，自耦变压器busbar n、母线 load frequency control 负荷频率控制optimal power flow 潮(电)流优化 switchgear n、开关设备current rating额定电流 voltage class电压等级 solenoid n.螺线管auto-reclosing 自动重合闸(装置) glow-discharge n、辉光放电varistor n、压敏电阻，变阻器 furnace n、燃烧室pulverizer n.粉煤机 boiler n、蒸发器 electrostatic adj、静电的electrostatic precipitator 电除尘 coal hopper 煤斗burner 燃烧器 cooling tower冷却塔 feed water pump给水泵heater exchanger 热交换器 condenser n、冷凝器turbogenerator n、涡轮发电机 single-stage turbine 单级汽轮机multi-stage turbine 多级汽轮机 superheater n、过热器high-pressure turbine 高压汽轮机 reheater n、再热器intermediate-pressure turbine 中压汽轮机low-pressure turbine 低压汽轮机 acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应 electromagnet n、电磁体stator n.定子 baseload n、基本负载 photovoltaic adj、光电的battery back-up system 电池备份系统performance characteristics 运行特性 physical property 物理特性manipulated variable 操纵变量 feedback n、反馈comparator n、比较器 disturbance n、扰动 actuate v、开动flipping n、翻转 luminous flux 光通量 lumens n、流明variable n、变量 accelerator depression 对加速的抑制accelerator pedal加速踏板 carburetor butterfly valve化油器阀门light bulb 灯泡 relay n、继电器 photocell n、光电池follow-up system 随动系统 external intervention 外部干预interdependent elements 相互依存的元件 stimuli n、激励thermostat control 恒温控制 cowl flap 整流罩flyball-governed 离心式调速器 restraining spring 限制弹簧differential equation 微分方程 independent variable 独立变量Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换 ratio n、比率initial condition 初始条件 super-position 叠加性open-circuit 开路 s-domain s域 dynamic response 动态响应transient response 瞬态响应 steady-state response 稳态响应angular position 角位置 finite steady-state error 有限稳态误差servomechanism n、伺服机构 process control 过程控制proportional term 比例项 proportional gain 比例增益tuning parameter 整定参数 instantaneous time 瞬时时间integral term 积分项 accumulated offset 累计偏移量derivative term 微分项 slope n、斜率 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑fuzzifier module 模糊逻辑块 fuzzy inference engine 模糊推理机defuzzifier module 去模糊器模块 microcontroller n、微控制器microprocessor n、微处理器 integrated circuit 集成电路programmable logic controller程序控制逻辑器 sensor n、传感器detector n.探测器,检波器 elevator n.电梯 sensitivity n.灵敏性offset n.偏移量 bode n.伯德图 lag n.滞后 threshold n.阈值thermistor n、电热调节器 thermocouple n.热电偶 coil n、线圈bobbin n、线轴 substrate n、基底 linearity n、线性strain n、应变 gauge v、测量 insulating adj、绝缘的Wheatstone bridge 惠斯登电桥 transmitter n、传导物，发报机sender n、寄件人，发报机 indicator n、指示器piezometer n、压力计，压强计 manometer n、压力计bourdon tube n、波尔登压力计 deflection n、偏差dielectric n、电介质，绝缘体 piezoresistance n、压电电阻tiltmeter n、测量地面倾斜角度之仪器 oscillator n、振荡器crosstalk 串扰，交调失真 air gap 空气隙cross-sectional area 横截面积 reluctance n、磁阻armature n、电枢 rectification n、校正，整流demodulation n、解调，检波 filtering n、过滤variable-reluctance tacho generator n、可变磁阻测速发电机inductance n、感应系数 waveform n、波形。Translate the following sentences into Chinese。(2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。For practical purposes，we need to know how much power an electric device can handle。虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。出于实用的目的，我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。(3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。 任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。(5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analog value are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255。Notice that the 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed in hexadecimal form。 由于一个8位的代码可以表示256个段，以此表示的代码对应的模拟值，最大的模拟信号1.5V取值为255。另外，8位代码是两组4位的代码，可以用十六进制形式表示。(6)After the digital processing system completes its manipulation of the signal，the output digital codes are coupled to a digital-to-analog converter that changes the digital codes back to an equivalent analog signal。 数字处理系统完成信号的处理后，输出的数字码被传到一个数字转模拟的转换器，将数字编码转换为相等的模拟信号。(4)Often instrumentation is not used by itself，but instead as the sensors of larger electrical systems。For example，a thermocouple might be used to help ensure a furnaces temperature remains constant。For this reason，instrumentation engineering is often viewed as the counterpart of control engineering。 通常测量仪器不单独使用，而作为大型电气系统的传感器应用。例如，热电偶可用于帮助确保熔炉的温度保持恒定。出于这个原因，仪器仪表工程通常被视为对应于控制工程的配对。(5)Signal Processing is a very mathematically oriented and intensive area forming the core of digital signal processing and it is rapidly expanding with new applications in very field of electrical engineering such as communications，control，radar，TV/Audio/Video engineering，power electronics and bio-medical engineering as many already existing analog systems are replaced with their digital counterparts。 信号处理是非常数字化的，也是构成数字信号处理核心的重点领域，它正在迅速扩展，应用在电气工程的各个领域中，如通信、控制、雷达、电视/音频/视频技术、电力电子技术和生物医学工程，以相应的数字系统取代其中现有的模拟系统。(1)Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons，we will follow the universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges。 尽管现在我们知道金属导体中的电流是由带负电的电子产生的，我们依然遵循电流是正电荷的流动这个公认的约定。(3)On the other hand，delta-connected sources are not common in practice because of the circulating current that will result in the delta-mesh if the three-phase voltage are slightly unbalanced。 另一方面，实际中三角形连接的电源并不常用，因为三相电压稍有不平衡就会在三角形连接的网孔中产生循环电流。(5)For example，the stator-pole pair A-A is energized when the rotor pole-pair a-a approaches it to produce the torque by magnetic pull，but is de-energized when pole alignment occurs。 例如，当转子极对a-a接近定子极对A-A时，定子极对A-A被通电，通过磁拉力产生转矩，当两个极对重合时，定子极对A-A断电。(8)The speed error is corrected at the maximum permissible armature current until the speed error becomes small and the current limiter comes out of saturation。 在最大允许电枢电流下纠正速度偏差，知道速度偏差减小且限流装置退出饱和状态。(1)The primary reason for converting to AC power production and distribution was that transformers could be used to increase AC voltage levels for long-distance distribution of electrical power。 转为交流电来进行生产与传输的主要原因是变压器能升高交流电压，以便于电能的远距离传输。(2)In essence，the industry is moving away from simple automation of repetitive tasks and administrative chores，towards using IT as a comprehensive and integrated competitive strategic tool。 从本质上讲，电力工业正从重复性人物和日常管理事物的简单自动化向将信息技术用作全面综合的竞争性的战略工具转变。(4)Three are many other considerations such as circuit loading，impedance matching，and frequency response that must be dealt with in order to obtain the most accurate results possible using test equipment。 为了使所用测试设备能获取最准无二的数据，还要考虑其他因素，如电路负载、阻抗匹配和频率响应等。(4)Since the torque equation now involves two opposing factors，it is entirely reasonable to expect that a point is reached beyond which further increases in slip culminate in decreased developed torque。 现在，由于转矩方程式包含两个对应的系数，完全有理由得到这样一点，在该点当转差率继续增加并超过临界值时，所产生的转矩会减少。(6)With the advanced instruction sets and expanded variable memory capacities of the newer programmable controllers，it is now possible for the system to act as a data concentrator，collecting data about the machine or process it is controlling。 由于新的可编程序控制器采用高级指令集，扩展了变量存储器的容量，这个系统现在可以作为数据集中器来收集被控制器或过程的数据。(3)The most outstanding feature of fuzzy set theory，which made it very attractive for applications，is its ability to model the meaning of natural language expressions。 模糊集理论最突出的特点是它能够模拟自然语言表达的意义，这使得它对实际应用非常有吸引力。(4)Since we are interested to control a physical parameter of our interest like temperature，pressure，voltage，frequency，position，velocity，concentration，flow，pressure，we must have suitable transducers to measure the variables and use them as suitable feedback signal for proper control。 由于我们想控制自己感兴趣的物理参数，如温度、压力、电压、频率、位置、速度、浓度、流量、压力等，我们必须用合适的传感器来测量这些变量并作为适当的控制反馈信号来使用。(5)The principle of superposition states that the response produced by the simultaneous application of two different forcing functions is the sum of the two individual responses。 叠加原理说明，两个不同的作用函数同时作用于系统时的响应等于两个作用函数单独作用时的响应之和。(6)Fuzzification translates the input crisp data into the fuzzy representation incorporating the vagueness and imprecision in a natural language，for further processing in FLC。 模糊化将输入的观测数据转换成模糊表示，其中体现了自然语言中的模糊性和不精确性，以便在FLC中进行进一步的处理。(4)In 1871，Siemens choose platinum as the RTD element in a resistance thermometer and still today it is the most common used metal for RTDs besides the more economical nickel or nickel alloys。 在1871年，西门子选择铂作为电阻温度计的电阻元件，直到今天，它还是除了更经济的镍和镍合金以外最常见的RTD的金属。(5)The resistance of the wire at various temperatures is known and therefore predictable。This predictable change in resistance is used to measure temperature。 在各种温度下的电线的电阻是已知的，因此可被预测出。这种可预测的电阻变化被用来测量温度。(6)RTDs are relatively immune to electrical noise and therefore especially suited around motors，generators and other high voltage equipment ( like induction heating)。 RTD对电噪声不是很敏感，因此特别适合用于电动机、发电机和其他高压设备（如感应加热器）。Translate the following sentences into English。(2)有源元件能产生能量，而无源元件不能。An active element is capable of generating energy while a passive element is not.(3)数/模转换之后所需的一个基本功能是滤波。A basic function required after the digital-to-analog conversion is filtering.(1)电流源逆变器被用于从直流电流供电产生交流输出电流。Current source inverters are used to produce an AC output from a DC current supply.(2)直流到交流的转换器从一个直流源产生交流输出波形。DC to AC converters produce an AC output waveform from a DC source(3)电压型逆变器在单相和三相的应用中实际使用。Voltage source inverters have practical uses in both single-phase and three-phase applications.(5)在设计控制系统时，控制工程师通常使用负反馈。Control engineers often utilize feedback when designing control systems.(1)波动与振动系统有关。Waves are related to oscillating systems.(5)然而，随着频率的增加，电机的气隙磁通下降，导致产生的转矩降低。However，as the frequency is increased，the machine air gap flux falls causing low developed torque capability.(1)设备替代老设备将会使产量大大增加。The substitution of new equipment to the old result in increase in production.(2)如何运行一个电力系统使之以最小的成本输电给所有负荷，这是一个重要的问题。It is an important problem how to operate a power system to supply all the (complex) loads at minimum cost.(2)抽水机抽水的原理能够用来说明心脏怎样使血液周身循环。The way that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body.(4)为长距离输电，在主电站将电压升高到较高的值。At the central station the voltage is stepped up to a higher value for long-distance transmission.(5)电路故障可能会对依赖电气设备运行的电厂产生的破坏性影响。Circuit faults can have a devastating effect on power plants that are relying on the operation electrical equipments.(6)基于安装类型和负载需要，可以采用高达2300V的电压。Depending upon the type of installation and the lode requirements，voltages as high a 2300 volts may be used.(2)从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换存在两方面的问题。The transition from simple approximate models，which are easy to work with，to more realistic models produces two effects.(3)为了使系统在所有条件下都稳定，对基本的PID方程的某些修改是必要的。To make the system stable under all conditions，certain modifications may be necessary to the basic PID equation.(4)在时域中研究控制系统本质上涉及对系统的瞬态和稳态响应的评价。The study of a control system in the time domain essentially involves the evaluation of the transient and the steady-state responses of the system.(1)理想的传感器具有大且恒定的灵敏度。An ideal sensor will have a large and constant sensitivity.(2)精确性是准确性的充分不必要条件。Precision is a necessary but not sufficient condition for accuracy.(3)传感器的动态响应被假设为线性。The dynamic response of the sensor is assumed to be linear.(4)所有的金属对温度的正变化产生正的电阻变化。All metals produce a positive change in resistance for a positive change in temperature.(5)RTD传感器被用于通过RTD元件电阻和温度的相关性测量温度。An RTD sensor is used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature.