高级英语2-lesson1课后练习答案.doc

Pub Talk and the King's English 课后练习题答案 （部分）

Ⅱ.
　　1.A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoiled.
　　2. The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lot of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each other's private life and thoughts.
　　3. No. Conversation does not need a focus. But when a focal subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.
　　4. The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject mentioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of "the King's English. " When the people talked about the resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for "English as it should be spoken", the conversation moved to Norman England because at that time a language barrier existed between the Saxon peasants and the Norman conquerors.
　　5. The Saxon peasants and their Norman conquerors used different words for the same thing. For examples see paragraph 9.
　　6. “The King’s English” was regarded as a form 0f racial discrimination during the Norman rule in England about 1154—1399．
　　7．The writer thinks “the King’s English” is a class representation of reality．1t is worth trying to speak “the King’s English”，but it should not be 1aid down as an edict，and made immune to change from below．The King’s English is a model a rich and instructive one- but it ought not to be an ultimatum．
　　8．During the Norman period，the ruling class spoke Anglo— French while the peasants spoke their native Saxon language． Language bears the stamp of the class that uses it．The King’s English today refers to the language used by the upper，educated class in England．

III．
　　1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．
　　2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．
3．In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
　　4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．
　　5．The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
　　6．These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．
　　7．The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．
　　8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．
　　9．The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．
　　10． There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．
　　11．There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．

IV.
A.
　　1. on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks
　　2．get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day
　　3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring． It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．
　　4．turn up one’s nose at: scorn；show scorn for
　　5．into the shoes： metaphor， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i.e. as if one were a Saxon peasant
　 6. come into one’s own: receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition
　　7．sit up at：(colloquial) become suddenly alert and take notice of

B.
　　1．ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知)；illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏； uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育；unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。
　　2．scoff指对某事疑惑不信或缺乏尊敬而用无礼、轻蔑的言词或加以嘲笑；sneer侧重于面部表情或语气中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意：jeer侧重指用粗俗的、侮辱性的言词或粗鲁的嘲 笑来表示轻侮；gibe通常指不带恶意的取笑或作弄人的笑骂；flout主要指以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出的轻侮蔑视。

C.
　　1．No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and peacefully or as it becomes spirited and exciting.
　　2. It is not a matter of interest if they are in a bad temper.
　　3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not dig into each other's lives or their innermost thoughts and feelings.
　　4. Suddenly the magic in the conversation took place.
　　5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.
　　6. We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.
　　7. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.
8. Even the most educated and literate people fall into errors in their conversation (implying: they do not use standard, formal English all the time .)
　　9. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.
　　10. We would never have talked about Australia or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.

Read, think and comment
　　Coherence and unity can be enhanced by continuity in the paragraph. Continuity gives writing a sense of smoothness. Good organization is essential for continuity, because the clear, logical arrangement makes the order of thought easy to follow. But good transitions also help to make the writing smooth. The three common transitional devices are: pronoun reference, repetition of important words, and transitional expression. The two paragraphs in the exercises employ these three methods to establish continuity and so improve coherence and unity of the paragraphs.
　　Paragraph 1
　　1) Transitional words and expressions: for instance, on the other hand
　　2) Pronoun reference. we (referring back to teenagers), us, our, us, us, our, us, our, us, us
　　3) Repetition of important words: teenagers, teen-years, teenagers, teens
　　Paragraph 2
　　1) Transitional words and expressions: As of today, After that, Then, for instance, even that
　　2) Pronoun reference :I, my, I, myself, I, I, me, my, I, I
　　3) Repetition of important words. food (and names of different kinds of food)