人教版英语八年级下unit1讲解与练习.doc

培生学堂 八年级下Unit1 Whats the matter？1. Whatt the matter ? 怎么了 ？matter此处为可数名词，意为“毛病；麻烦”，通常用于句型 Whats the matter with sb. ?中。该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦 。Whats the matter with him ? 他怎么了 ？He has a headache . 他头痛 。拓展：matter还可作为不及物动词，意为“要紧，有关系”，主要用于否定句，疑问句或者条件句中。 It doesnt matter . 没有关系 。 Does it matter if Im a bit late ? 我晚一会到有关系吗 ？ ）.no matter 与 who , what , where 等连用， 相当于 whoever , whatever ,wherever 等，可引导让步状语从句。 Dont open the door , no matter who comes . 不管谁来都别开口。2. I have stomachache . 我胃痛 。 Stomachache为可数名词，意为“胃痛；腹痛”Eg: Mary didnt come to school yesterday because she had a stomachache. 拓展： 在英语中，一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache（疼痛）后，可以构成合成名词。如 headache头痛，toothache牙痛，stomachache胃痛，backache背痛，earache耳朵痛。3. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water . 她昨天说话太多，并且没有喝足够的水。 （1）此处too much 相当于一个副词，修饰动词talked ,放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。 Eg: She worried too much . Eating too much is bad for your health. （2）此处enough为形容词，意为“足够的”。修饰名词时，常放在名词前，且位置后置。 Eg: It is good enough gor me . Is the water warm enough for you ? Enough还可以构成句型搭配：be + adj.+enough+to do “足够.做某事” Eg: Though he has grown up , he isnt brave enough to go out alone at night. 4. Drink some hot tea with honey . 喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶 。 with为介词，在此处意为“加上；具有；带有”，表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质，其反义词为without。Eg: Would you like some tea with sugar ? China is a country with a long history . No man could live without water .拓展： with意为“和.在一起” Mr.Black is talking with a friend . with 意为“用（工具、手段等）” You can cut it with a knife . with 表示方式、情况或者条件 。 She likes to sleep with the light on . The teacher came in with a smile on his face . 例题解析： Would you like some coffee,please ? Yes , and please get some sugar . I prefer coffee_sugar . A . to B. for CwithDfrom 5. You need to take breaks away from the computer .你需要离开电脑休息几天 。 (1) need 在此处为实意动词，意为“需要”，后面可接名词，代词，动名词及带有to 的不定式作宾语。Eg: We need to think twice about it . She needs your help .拓展：Need作情态动词，意为“需要，必需”。无人称和数的变化，否定式为neednt，后面一般接动词原形。Need I finish the work today ?Yes, you must . / No ,yo neednt .If she wants anything ，she need only ask . (2) break 此处用作可数名词，意为“（课间的）休息”。 Eg: He sat under the big tree to take a break. There is a 10-minute break between classes .拓展：break作不及物动词，意为“碎；破”。其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken 。 Eg：Glasses breaks easily .break 作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄破”。 Eg: He broke his right leg last month .break 作及物动词，意为“不遵守（法律，规则等）”。 Eg: The teacher is talking to the student who broke the rules .6. I think you should lie down and test .我认为你应该躺下休息 。 （1）lie (lay , lain , lying) 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺；卧” Eg: Dont lie in bed all morning . He found a dog lying at the door .拓展：lie作为不及物动词，意为“撒谎，说谎”，过去式和过去分词均为lied,现在分词为lying。 Eg: You are lying to me .lie 作可数名词，意为“谎言，假话” Eg: I know he told a lie just now . I believe that it is a white lie .lay 动词，意为“产卵，下蛋”，过去式和过去分词均为laid . Eg: The hens are not laying well at the moment .(2) rest 常作可数名词，意为“休息” Eg: You must take a tes from your work 7. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow , then go to a doctor .如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话，就去看医生。（1） 此处连词if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”。 Eg: If she arrives in New York , Ill telephone you .例题解析：I wonder if the psychologist will come to our school this weekend .If he _， we will be very excited .A. come B. comes C. will come D .came (2) go to a doctor 为固定短语，意为“看医生”，相当于 go to see a doctor . Eg: Bill went to a doctor yesterday . Dont take any medicine before going to a doctor .8. He got off and asked the woman what happened .他下了车，问那个妇女发生了什么事 。 （1）get off 为“动词+副词”结构的短语，人称代词作宾语时，应放在动词与副词之间，此处意为“下车”。 辨析： get off 意为“下（汽车、火车、飞机等）” The first passenger to get off the bus was a woman . get on 意为“登上（汽车、火车、飞机等）”，后面常跟较大的交通工具，反义词为get off When I got on the bus ,I saw my teacher sitting there .get into 意为“进入（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）” ，后面常跟较小的交通工具。反义词为 get out of He got into a taxi and left .get out of 意为“从（小汽车、出租车、直升飞机等）下来” She got out of the car and wen into the hall .例题解析：Dont _the bus until it stops .A. turn off B.put on C.get off D.set up (2) happen 为及物动词，意为“发生”当表示“某人或者某物发生某事”时，某人或者某物必须放在介词to后面，用句型sth. Happens to sb./sth.来表达 What has happened to Judy ?当用作“碰巧”时，常用句型 sb. Happens to do sth.和 It happens + that 从句 She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore . It happened that I had no money with me .9. Mr.Wang knew he had to act quickly . 王先生知道他必须快点行动。have to 不得不 ，后面接动词原形辨析：have to 和 must have to 强调客观上的需要 ；must 强调主观上的必要性。 I have to tidy up the room .（客观需要） I must tidy up the room . （主观想法）have to 有人称，数和时态变化，可用于一般现在时，一般过去时或一般将来时等； must 无人称，数，时态变化，主要用于一般现在时。 Does he have to stay here ? Must she finish her homework first ?它们的否定形式不同。 dont have to 表示“不必要，不需要” mustt 表示“禁止，不允许，不应该” You dont have to help him . You mustnt help him 10. But to his surprise ,they all agreed to go with him . 但出乎他的意料，他们都同意和他一起去。（1） to ones surprise 为固定结构，意为“使某人惊讶的是.”类似结构还有 to onet joy 使人开心的是 ； to ones disappointment 令人失望的是 ； to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是 To his surprise , she won the first prize .(2) agree 为及物动词。后面可跟名词，代词，动词不定式或者宾语从句。辨析：agree to 后面接计划或者建议 。 I agree to your plan .agree on 后面接日期或者条款。 They agreed on these terms .agree with 后面接人或者意见。 I agree with you .11. The old man got to the hospital in time .那位老人及时到达了医院。get to 意为“到达”。此处get为补给物动词，当后面接地点名词时，要加上介词to .辨析：get 不及物动词，后面可接地点名词作宾语要加介词to.要是接地点副词home, here 和 there 不用to . I get home at 7:00 P.m. every day . What time shall we get to Beijing ?arrive 不及物动词，可直接跟地点副词；加上介词at/in后，才能接地点名词。（大地点用in；小地点用at）reach 及物动词，其后可接跟地点名词，也可跟地点副词。 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday . We reached here on foot . Section B1. Put on a clean T-shirt .穿上意见干净的T恤衫。 put on 为“动词+副词”短语，意为“穿上；戴上”。代词作其宾语时，须放在put on 的中间。He put on a coat and went out .辨析：put on “穿衣”表动作 wear “穿衣”及物动词，表状态dress “给.传衣服”及物动词，宾语只能为人。（be）in “穿着”后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词，表状态。be in 同 be dressed in 例题解析：1. _warm clothes, or youll catch a cold .2. The children are _nice clothes today .3. The girl _red is his daughter.4. I _ him every morning .2. Told him to rest .Tell为及物动词，tell sb. (not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”。He told me to write a report .The police told the children not to play in the street .例题解析：Tell the children _unhealthy food . Its bad for their health.A. not to eat B.not eating C.to eat D.eating 3. Have problem breathing .呼吸困难。（1） have problems (in)doing sth.为固定短语，意为“做某事有问题或困难”，同意短语为 have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. He had problems (in) learning English grammar . He has no problem (in) singing the song .4. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing .阿伦罗尔斯顿是一个对爬山很感兴趣的美国人。 （1）此处who is .为定语从句，修饰名词man ,who 为关系代词。当被修饰词为人时，常用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句。 Do you know the girls who / that are dancing ? The man that / who you are waiting for wont come . (2) be interested in 为固定短语，意为“对.感兴趣”，相当于take interest in .Interesting “引起兴趣的，有趣的”。作表语或定语，修饰物。Interested “感兴趣的”只作表语，主语为人。一言辨析：Im interested in the interesting things .我对那些有趣的事物感兴趣。例题解析： The story is _and all of us are _in it .A. interest;interesting B.interesting;interestC.interested;interesting D.interesting;interested5. As a mountain climber ,Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。 （1）此处as为介词，意为“作为”。 As a party member , I must be strict with myself . He works in the hotel as a cook .(2) 此处 be used to 意为“习惯于.; 适应于.”,后面接名词、代词或动名词。 He is used to hard work . She is used to getting up early .(3) take risks 意为“冒险”，相当于 take a risk 。 You cant get rich without taking risks . They were taking a risk when they did that .6. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents .有许多次阿伦因为（意外）事故几乎失去生命。 （1）此处time 为可数名词，意为“次数”。 How many times have you been to Paris ? He failed his driving test five times .(2) almost 副词，意为“几乎，差不多”。 Almost all the guests are here . He has almost finished his work .(3) 辨析 because of 和 because because of “因为”，介词短语，后面接名词或者代词。 I didnt go because of the rain . because “因为”，连词，引导原因状语从句。 He didnt come to school because he was ill .7. He was not ready to die that day . 他不愿那天死去。(1) ready 为形容词，意为“准备好的，乐意的，愿意的”，常作表语。Lunch is ready .Have you got everything ready ?拓展：be ready to do sth. “准备好了做某事”，主要强调已经准备好了要做某事，表示即将去做。 We are ready to answer the questions . She is always ready to help others . be ready for “为.准备好” He was ready for the death .(2) die (died , died , dying ) 为不及物动词，意为“死，死亡” His parents died long ago . Nowadays many people die of cancers . The man is dying . 那个人就要死了。拓展：die 的形容词形式为 dead , 名词形式为death 。 A dead person cant speak . Her grandmother has been dead for two years . Many people fear death . His death is heavier than Mount Tai .8. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm . 因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。（1） use sth. to do sth. “用某物做某事” I use my pen to write a letter . I use a knife to cut apples . = I use a knife for cutting apples .(2) cut off 为固定短语，意为“切除，切断”。 When was the telephone cut off ?拓展：常见的与cut有关的短语：cut down 砍到，减少 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入 插嘴 9. Then , with his left arm , he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood . 然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。（1） 此处with意为“用（工具或器具等）”。 You can cut it with a knife . 辨析：with 与 in with : 介词，“ 用（工具）” They eat with forks . Ill have to see it with my own eyes .In : 介词，“用（语言，声音，材料等）”。 She can give a talk in English . He talked to her in a low voice .(2) 此处so that 引导结果状语从句 ，意为“以至于”。 She got up late so that she missed the early bus . He has his head in bandages .例题解析：Mr.Green speaks very loudly _all the people can hear him .A. when B.so that C.because 10. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even at=fter this experience . 他对登山如此快以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。 （1）keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。 The students are keeping on reading . She kept on working although she was tired .拓展：keep doing sth.“继续不停地做某事” Keep going until you reach the end of road .keep sb. Doing sth.“使某人一直做某事” Dot keep your mother waiting.keep sb, from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事” You shouldnt keep him from watching cartoons . (2) experience 此处用作可数名词 “经历”。11. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks . 阿伦喜爱爬山，不介意冒险。此处mind 为动词，意为“介意；在乎”。后面可接动名词作宾语，但不能跟动词不定式。 I dont mind at all . Do you mind if I open the window ? Would you mind parking your car there ?例题解析：Would you mind _the window ? Its very hot .No, not at all .A. open B.to open C.opening 单元练习一、单项选择（每小题1 分 ，共 15分）1. Kelly, whos the girl_glasses in the photo?-一Its me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A. by B. of C. on D. with2. Students shouldnt go to school_breakfast. Its bad for their health.A. with B. without C. for D. by3. Victor can play_ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the4. How do you like Li Yundi?- A cool guy! His music_ really beautiful.A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks5. 一M um，Im not feeling well. Oh, dear! _A. Whats wrong? B. Not at all. C. All right.6.Young people today _ posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromes- sage(微信）to share with friends.A. are afraid of B. are used to C. are worried about7. Andrea Bocelli never_ ，which makes him a successful singer.A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up8.He hurried back home_ his schoolbag.A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches9. Why did you get up late this morning? _I stayed up late last night, A. Because B. So C. Because of D. But10. Whats the matter with you?一I_a headache.A. have B. take C. make D, like11. To our_, the little girl is the first to go to bed.A. surprises B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising12. - -What did your sister do?-She_the bus at the bus stop and went home.A. got to B. got up C. got down D. got off13. What did you see? I saw many boys_ games near the river.A. played B. playing C. plays D. to play14. Its _own business(事情） Please do it yourself.A. you B. your C. yours D. his15. My father often cooks some delicious food_for us at home.A. herself B. ourselves C. himself D. yourselves二 、完形填空 (共 10分)Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb( 哑的） 15 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 17 ,but with no success.When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 18 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he _19 spoke.“There might be something wrong with his 20 ，and he doesnt know hes able to speak，one doctor said.“But he can read and write，said Mr. Green. “Weve written him notes, telling him that he can speak. ”“Its certainly very 21 ，” another doctor said. Perhaps hell be able to speak some day. ”22 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not say a 23 word. Then one day,Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 24 and said，“Pass me the salt,please. ”Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried. “ Why have you 25 so long to speak?” “I didnt have anything to say，he said. “Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in potatoes. ”16. A. because B. when C. though D. before17.A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh18. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked19. A. never B. often C. usually D. always20.A. back B. hair C. face D. mind21. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy iet22. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years23. A. good B. right C. single D. new24. A. chair