中考语法不定代词教案+练习.doc

龙文教育-您值得信赖的专业化个性化辅导学校 龙文教育学科导学案ggggggggggggangganggang纲学 生教 师日 期年 级学 科时 段课 题学习目标与考点分析学习重点难 点教学方法一 讲解 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。复合不定代词：something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。 含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人，在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中1. 复合不定代词受定语或不定式修饰时，定语或不定式应放在它们后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Havent you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？ 2指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their来避免由于性别的差异而引起的在代词的运用上具有的不确定性。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 3. anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (分开写)。但no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用。 any one of the boys 孩子们当中的任何一个 every one of the students 每一个学生回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。 -Who was late? -谁迟到了？ -No one.-谁也没有迟到。 -How many cows do you keep? -你养几头牛？ -None. -一头也没养4. 除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，都有所有格形式； Everybodys business is nobodys business. 大家的事情没人管。当其后有else时, “”要加在else后面That must be somebody elses coat. 那一定是别人的外衣。5.含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别 由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。 含any-的一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，但表示“无论何事”时，可用于肯定句 。Do you have anything to say? 你有什么话要说吗? I didnt meet anybody new at the party. 在那次聚会上我没有碰到任何生人。John can do it, if anyone can. 如果有人能做此事，那就是约翰了。He will do anything for a quiet life. 只要能过上安宁的日子他什么都愿意做。含some-的一般用于肯定句，也用于表示请求邀请的疑问句或预计是肯定回答的疑问句 I have something to ask you. 我有事情要问你。Are you expecting someone this afternoon? 今天下午你是不是等什么人？6.复合不定代词的否定“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。 Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。 The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。 “not any-”和no-均表示全否定。 He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。 = He listened, but didnt hear anything. You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？ = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? 1. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything C. somethingD. nothing【分析】答案选A。noteverything是否定，意为“我并非同意你讲的一切”，与前一分句意思相符。而notanything=nothing与前一分句意思矛盾。2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _. A. anyoneB. anyone elseC. no one D. no one else【分析】答案选B。表示后者与前者“一样不。表示后者与前者”，nor本身就是否定的，后面要用肯定的，排除C和D；又因为用else才可排除“I”，所以选B。7.复合不定代词作名词 someone/somebody, anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意为“最重要的人”，no one/nobody则意指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。 His wife is now somebody in television. 他的妻子现在是电视界的大人物了。1. -Is_here? -No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybodyB. somebody C. everybodyD. nobody【分析】答案选C。由答语可知问的是“到齐了吗？”所以用everybody。请比较：Is anybody here? 这里有人吗？1. -One weeks time has been wasted. -I cant believe we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anything【分析】答案选B。for nothing是习语，意为“徒劳，没有好结果”“免费”。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作主语) Thats all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are here. (作定语) 2）both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.二 练习1. _ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None2.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any3.There is a tree on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C. either D. both4.There is a desk on _ side of the room. A. both B. either C. all D. every5. Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _. A. every side B. all sides C. both sides D. either side6. It is said that _ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every C. both D. either7.Some of the students are absent-minded, _ of them heard what the teacher said. A. all B. none C. every D. not all8. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody9.These boys were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither10. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any11. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _5. A. another B. other C. more D. each12. Which of the two books do you want? I want _. Please show me _. A. none ; another B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another13._ side of the street is lined with different shops,_ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all C. Neither ; either D. Either ; both14. Do you need anything else? Yes, we still need _ aircraft. A. more two B. two more C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of15. I had no idea which was better, so I took _ of them. A. any B. every C. none D. both16. The examination was easy, wasnt it? Yes, but I dont think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody17. Is there anyone who can do the job? . A. None B. No one C. Not one D. Not many ones18. I wanted some water, but there was in the bottle.A. none B. no C. any D. nothing19. Tom and Mary have arrived, but students in your class arent here yet.A. other B. others C. the other D. the others20. Do September and April have thirty days ? A. every B. neither C. each D. all21. of us is active in English class.A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody22. We have English classes day, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other三 中考真题教学反思三、本次课后作业 四、学生对于本次课的评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字五、教师评定：1、 学生上次作业评价： 非常好 好 一般 需要优化2、 学生本次上课情况评价：非常好 好 一般 需要优化 教师签字：龙文教育教务处教务主任签字： _9