中考重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析.doc

2017中考冲刺（重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析） 1. 冠词，a an 重点记忆an appleorangeEnglish bookice-creaminterestingengineereyeumbrellahourhonesthonorelephant apartmentinternationalunusuala useful universityusual uniformEuropean 2. . cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth . 某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money . spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 spent 还可以指“度过” How did you spend your weekend ? The sweater _ me 90 yuan . = I _ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _ 90 yuan on the sweater . He spent lots of money _ the mobile phone . It _ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He _ 20 minutes _ home every day . 3 . thanks for为而感谢 _ inviting me to your birthday party . thanks to 多亏/由于 _ your help .I got good grades 4.因为、由于 ： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 ) because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to I didnt go to school _ I had a headache . He was late for class _ the bad weather . He cant come _ he is ill . Many people have a cold _ the cold weather . because和 so不能同时连用 . 5 . How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） 回答用表示频率的副词或短语 How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） 回答用表示一段时间的状语 How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） 回答用 in+时间段 How far 询问多长距离（多长） - _ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .- _ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes. - _ will your father come back ? - In two years . - _ do you exercise ? - Once a week . - _ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles . - _ are you staying there ? - Two weeks . 6. 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语 by+交通工具= on a 交通工具 在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus . I walk to school . = I go to school _ . 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride ones bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in ones car 7.到达 reach + 地点 get to + 地点 reach = get to arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday . = He _ to London yesterday . = He _ in London yesterday . She arrived _ the bus station just now . You should _ ( get ) home on time . 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to 8. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize beat ( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。 Which team _ the football match ? Wang Hao _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Mens Singles . 9. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物 borrow借入 lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 lend 借出keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。 Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you _ your bike _ me ? You can borrow some money _ your brother . = You can borrow your brother _ _. - How long can I _ the book ? - You can _ it for two weeks . 10. too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 I have too many rules in my house . too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 Maybe you have too much yin . much too 太 后跟形容词或副词原级 This coat is much too expensive . Eating _ _ is bad for your health . Its _ _cold today . Youd better not go out . There are _ _ students in the hallways . Its dangerous .11. 属于：belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于） be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是） It must _ Nings .= It must _ Ning . The pencil must be _ (my) . = The pencil must belong to _ (my) . This ball _ to me .= This ball is _ .12.the number of + 名词复数（的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。 a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many The number of students in our class_ 80 . _ number of students are in Helin Middle School . 13. . for + 一段时间 since + 时间点/过去时的句子 We have been studying English _ three years . He has been staying here _ he was five years old . . We havent seen each other _ ten years ago . for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years _ . 14.否定祈使句 Dont + v. No + v.ing / n. Dont smoke here . = _ _ here . Dont take photos. = _ _ .15. sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）Sometimes I go to school by bus . some times 几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）He has been to Shanghai some times .sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候） I saw him sometime last year .some time 一段时间（此时time是不可数名词） He will stay here for some time . We are going to have a party _ next week . _ the boy is late for school . He spent _ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus . Li Jun has been to Birds Nest _ .16. 穿戴： “wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）Kate puts on her hat and goes out .be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）The girl in red is my sister .dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) She dresses her daughter every morning . Youd better _ your coat . She was _ a flower in her hair . The boy _ white is my friend . He is too young to _ himself . Miss Li often _ the white sports shoes . dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着颜色的衣服）He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。17.speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。 say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .Please say hello to him . talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 She is talking with her boss . tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb .sth. Please tell me the time . tell sb (not) . to do sth . She told me to wait for her . tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth . From his face we could see that he was _ a lie . She is _ at the meeting . Fangfang _ she is at home . They are _ about the weather . He cant _ it in French , but he can _ English .18.one the other 一个另一个 some others 一些另一些 （另一些并不包括全部） some the others一些其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部） I have two brothers, _ is a teacher , _ is a doctor . _ students are in the classroom , _ are out . At the party , _ are dancing , _ are singing 19. on ones + 序数词 + birthday （在某人几岁生日时） in ones + 整十的基数词的复数 （在某人几十多岁时） Edison invented many things in his _ (twenty) . On my _ (twenty) birthday . I got a new mobile phone .20.辨析不定代词： either ；neither； each；both 等either 两者其一；neither 两者都不+ 名词（单数）+动词（单数）each 每个both 两者都 + 名词（复数）+动词（复数）of prep.介词 +代词（宾格）固定结构either of (两者其一) neither of (两者都不) +代词（宾 格）+V.(单数）both of (两者都)，all of (三者或三者以上都是) 代词（宾 格）+V.(复数）none of (三者或三者以上都不是) Eg. Either of us _ English. (speak）Neither of us _English. (speak)Both the boys _ clever. ( be )21.表示“越来越”。的句型1）单音节词用“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)2）多音节词用“more and more+原级形式”3）“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大) 有关doing的短语归类（39）1. enjoy doing sth = like doing sth 喜欢做某事2. thanks for doing sth 感谢做某事 3. finish doing sth = end up doing sth 完成做某事 4. practice doing sth 练习做某事5. Could you mind (not) doing sth 你介意（不）做某事吗 ？ 6. how (what) about doing sth？ 做某事怎麽样？7. instead of doing sth 代替做某事 8. beacause of doing sth 由于做某事9. be good at doing sth = do well in doing sth 擅长做某事 10. stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事 11. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事12. make a living (by) doing sth 靠做某事谋生 13. have fun doing sth 做某事很高兴14. have a hard time doing sth =have trouble (in) doing sth =have problem doing sth做某事有困难 15. sb spend some time (in) doing sth 某人花费时间做某事 16. cant stand doing sth 无法忍受做某事 17. be always doing sth = keep doing sth 一直（总是）做某事 18. keep on doing sth 坚持做某事 19. be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣 20. by doing sth 通过做某事的方法 21. be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth 害怕做某事 22. succeed in doing sth 做某事很成功 23. give up doing sth = stop doing sth 放弃做某事 24. cant stop doing sth 情不自禁做某事25. forget (remember) doing sth 忘记（记得）做过某事 26. consider doing sth 考虑做某事 27. put off doing sth 推迟做某事 28. dream of doing sth 梦想做某事29. be against doing sth 反对做某事 30. keep sb. doing sth 使某人持续做某事 31. find sb . doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 32. see (watch) sb . doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 33. hear sb . doing sth 听见某人正在做某事34. stop sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 35. be used for doing sth = be used to do sth 被用来做某事 36. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 37. pay attention to doing sth 专心做某事38. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事39. prefer doing sth . to doing sth 喜欢做某事，而不喜欢做某事 to 是介词，不是不定式。