雅思必背的长句100句(带分析).doc

完整版)雅思必背的长句100句(带分析)
雅思必背的长句100句（带分析）
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn。
（“主-系-表”结构，倒装句。）
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty—first century？
(of 介词短语提前到句首,起强调作用，“常规位置”应在主谓之间，即people与will live之间。）
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear， happiness， sadness and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
（含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句为现在完成时，从句为一般现在时被动语态。)
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(简单句，现在完成时，被动语态,because of 介词短语作原因状语。）
5. In order to remain in existence， a profit-making organization must， in the long run， produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
（含有定语从句的主从复合句，定语从句的引导词that在从句中作consider的宾语，故省略，useful or desirable 是形容词作宾语补足语；in order to do sth. 是不定式短语作目的状语的强调形式；in the long run 意为“长远看来”/“最终”。）

6。 The greater the population there is in a locality， the greater the need there is for water， transportation， and disposal of refuse.
（”The more。。。， the more.。. " 特殊句型，通常译为“越……，越……”；there be 句型;refuse 在此不是“拒绝"的意思，而是“废物, 垃圾”。）
7。 It is more difficult to write simply， directly and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
（含有比较状语从句和定语从句的复合句，than 引导的比较状语从句为避免重复省略了谓语部分”it is difficult"；此句的重点是 it 代替不定式短语作“形式主句”，原因是避免“头重脚轻”；that 引导的定语从句是普通的“主谓宾”结构，obscure作动词,被从句修饰/
限定的“先行词”是expressions。）
8。 With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors。
（简单句；典型的 ”with + n。 + 分词短语" 独立主格结构，作状语；attempt 要求用不定
式作宾语；形容词的比较级；interiors在此是名词,意为“内部装饰”。）
9。 The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken。
（含有表语从句的主从复合句，主句为“主—系-表"结构,从句是并列句;该句是表述区别的典型句式：The difference between A and B is that A 。。。 while B .。.. ；between 介词短语作后置定语。）
10。 The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg。
（含有定语从句的主从复合句，从句引导词是关系副词where，相当于 at which,从句是“主—谓-宾”结构，一般现在时；主句是“主-系—表”结构，一般现在时。）
11. Acids are chemical compounds that， in water solution， have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red。
（“主—系-表”结构，名词性表语带有一个由that引导的限制性定语从句，从句是“主-谓-宾”结构，宾语是三个并列的名词a taste， an action and the ability其中ability后跟不定式短语作定语，该短语中的red是宾语补足语。)
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz—blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs。
（“主—谓"结构的简单句，主干是“reputation rests",on介词短语作状语，介词宾语ability后跟不定式短语作定语。）
13。 Essentially， a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
(“主-系-表”结构，名词性表语带有of介词短语作后置定语，介词宾语是一个由what引
的、被动语态的名词性从句.）
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language， they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises。
（带有由before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句；用一般现在时陈述客观事实；主句的
干they communicate是“主-谓”结构,through和by两个介词短语作状语.）
15. Thanks to modern irrigation， crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
(带有where引导的定语从句的主从复合句；主句的主干crops grow是“主—谓”结构，in
词短语作状语，介词宾语后跟where引导的定语从句；主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过时;thanks to介词短语作状语.）
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them。
（“主-谓—宾”结构的简单句；主干是 development spurred search;主语和宾语均带有介词短语作定语；with which to regulate them 是特殊的不定式短语，相当于定语从句 with which one could regulate them;them 指代的是 timepieces。）
17。 Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
（含有 in that。。.原因状语从句和that定语从句的主从复合句；主句是“主-系-表"结构,名词作表语；定语从句是被动语态，先行词是 observations；to document observations.。。 是不定式短语作目的状语。)
18。 Fungi are important in the process of decay， which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility， and decomposes animal debris.
(用一般现在时陈述真理性事实;含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，主句是“主—系-
”结构，形容词作表语，in介词短语作状语;定语从句是有三个谓语的并列句，先行词是process，of decay介词短语作process的定语。)
19。 When it is struck， a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
（含有when时间状语从句的主从复合句；主句主干是 a fork produces a tone，显然是“主—谓—宾”结构；tuning是动名词作定语,表示用途;retaining。..是现在分词短语作伴随状语
。）
20。 Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States， they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
（含有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句；主句是被动语态;从句是“主-系—表”
结构。）

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating。  
（被动语态简单句;主语是动名词短语，其中的by介词短语作动名词eliminating的状语； to others是介词短语作动名词transferring的状语；scapegoating是动名词作主语补足语。）
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
(含有宾语从句的主从复合句；depend on 意为“取决于”/“要看”；主语foods后跟过去分词短语作定语,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句,可改为that are eaten in any country。。。；what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语。）
23。 Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
（含有同位语从句的主从复合句；主句为“主-系-表”结构，表语是形容词短语equal to。.。；of介词短语作主语的定语;that引导同位语从句；over介词短语作状语。)
24. Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid。
(主从复合句，含有when引导的时间状语从句、so that引导的结果状语从句和than引导的比较状语从句；主句主干substances contract是“主—谓”结构。）
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.

(主从复合句，含有by which引导的定语从句;主句主干是被动语态；从句主干是“主—谓-宾”结构.)
26。 By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
（简单句，过去完成时与作时间状语的by介词短语连用；exert an influence over sth./sb。 对……施加影响；in the United States是介词短语作定语。）
27。 In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
（简单句，典型的倒装句—-——主语是the city of Elizabeth，原因是主语带有同位语,整个主语部分比较长---—如果在逗号后添加which is，句语主语的同位语就变成了非限制性定语从句；lie， stand， go, come 等词经常用于介词短语（作地点状语）提前到句首的倒装句。)
28. Elizabeth Blackwell， the first woman medical doctor in the United States， founded the New York Infirmary， an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff。
（主从复合句，含有that引导的定语从句———-先行词institution作Infirmary的同位语；主句主干是“主—谓—宾”结构；主语和谓语之间是主语的同位语。）
29。 Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone。
（主从复合句，含有that引导的宾语从句和than引导的状语从句；重点掌握表示“取舍”的句型“。.。would rather.。. than.。。”。）
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked， rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
（主从复合句，含有because引导的原因状语从句；主句和从句都是“主-系—表”结构，分别是过去分词和形容词作表语；remain和become都是连系动词.）
31. Although apparently rigid， bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
（主从复合句,含有that引导的定语从句；主句是“主-谓—宾”结构，从句是“主—谓—宾-补”结构；掌握固定搭配“enable sb./sth. to do sth.”,to withstand..。 是不定式短语作宾语补足语;although apparently rigid是一个作状语的形容词短语，相当于although引导的让步状语从句"although they are apparently rigid”.）
32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists。
（主从复合句，含有that引导的主语从句,引导词that不充当成分也没有任何意义但不能省略;主句主干是“主—谓”结构，被动语态。）
33。 Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
（简单句，主干是research is directed,被动语态；into介词短语作后置定语；toward improving...介词短语作状语；improving the ability..。动名词短语作介词toward的宾语；to predict.。. and to minimize.。. and avoid。.。 是不定式短语作ability的定语。）
34。 The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed。
（虚拟语气主从复合句,含有that引导的宾语从句；主句主干“elimination would ensure that.。."是“主—谓-宾”结构；从句主干“the amount would have the value。..”是“主-谓—宾"结构；as引导特殊的定语从句，掌握the same。.。 as。.。;注意过去分词used...和borrowed作定语，相当于被动语态的定语从句，可分别改为“that is used in repaying a loan”和“that was borrowed"。）
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion。
(并列句，一个主语两个谓语；两个分句共用一个主语，都是“主谓宾”结构，主干分别是“futurism rejected traditions"和“futurism attempted to glorify.。.”;to glorify...by。..是不定式短语作attempted的宾语；by emphasizing the machine and motion是介词短语作to glorify的状语；两个逗号之间是同位语，加上which was即可改为非限制性定语从句。)
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected。
(主从复合句，含有where引导的定语从句.）
37. Lucretia Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States。
（主从复合句，含有so。。。that引导的结果状语从句；建议把so。。。that.。。“如此……以致于……"当作句型来记；主句是“主系表”结构，从句是被动语态，“主谓”结构，by介词短语和as短语都是状语，of和in介词短语作后置定语。)
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer。
（主从复合句,含有than引导的比较状语从句，从句省略了谓语部分“are broad";of介词短语作后置定语；those代替前面出现过的复数名词activities，是英语里避免重复的习惯用法。）
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divide the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
(主从复合句，含有that引导的定语从句，先行词是line，in the North American Rockies是介词短语作定语,作定语的短语位置应在定语从句之前；主句主干“divide refers to a line” 是“主谓宾”结构，从句主干“that divide the waters from。..”也是“主谓宾"结构；those指代前面出现过的复数名词waters。）
40。 Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
(主从复合句，含有that引导的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句；两个of介词短语均作
后置定语；主句的主干“Studies indicate that..。”是“主谓宾”结构；宾语从句的主干“crust and mantle yield"是“主谓"结构；时间状语从句的主干“weight is placed on...”是“主－谓－主补"结构；them 指代的是 the earth's crust and mantle。）
41. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.  
（复合句，含有than引导的比较状语从句;that指代前面出现过的不可数名词worth。）
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
（复合句，含有because引导的原因状语从句；on， along， for介词短语均作状语。)
43。 It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
（强调句型“It is。.。 that/who.。."，强调句子主语interaction；两个逗号之间是rather than表示舍弃/否定的短语；“主—系-表”结构，名词作表语。非强调表述法：The interaction between people is the main focus of social psychology.）
44。 No social crusade aroused Elisabeth William's enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States。
（用比较级表达最高级含义；“no。。. more than" 句型;含有than引导的比较状语从句；of， for， to介词短语均作后置定语，被限定的名词分别是expansion， facilities， immigrants。）
45。 Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places。
（复合句，含有that引导的定语从句；主句是“主—谓—宾"结构；从句是“主-谓宾—补"结构，to spring..。不定式短语作宾补；when disturbed.。.是带有连词的过去分词短语,相当
于被动语态的时间状语从句“when they are disturbed in their hiding places”。）
46。 According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
（复合句，含有that引导的定语从句“that stood upright",先行词是ancestors，of humans是介词短语作定语;主句主干”ancestors resembled chimpanzees"是“主—谓—宾"结构；with介词短语作状语，sloping和protruding都是现在分词作定语。）
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid。
（Not until置于句首的倒装句，起强调时间状语not until...的作用,请注意必须是主句“部分倒装”；本句是简单句，正常语序应为“The fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866。”）
48。 In his writing， John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
(复合句，含有what引导的宾语从句其中barrenness在从句中作宾补；brought about by..。 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于被动语态的定语从句“that has been brought about by science and technology”，先行词是barrenness，of society是介词短语作后置定语；in his writing是介词短语作状语.）
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm， consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self—confidence.
(复合句，含有whose引导的定语从句,先行词是parents；主句和从句都是“主—系—表”结构。)
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops， but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
(由but连接的并列句,第一分句的主干“people cultivated corn and other crops”是主谓宾"结构;第二分句的主干“hunting and gathering were of improtance"是“主系表”结构，“of + 抽象名词”是介词短语作表语，相当于一个形容词：be of critical importance = be critically importance
----————-—---—-———-———--—-———-——-—————-—-——--———————-------------——----————-----
51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map。 (简单句，“主—谓—宾—补"结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to put。。。不定式短语;using。.。是动名词短语作主语。)
52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary。
（复合句，含有whose引导的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句；describing..。是现在分词短语作后置定语，改为“that describes。。."则变成一个主动语态的定语从句；定语从句的先行词是doctrines and attitudes；主句和从句都是“主-系-表”结构，主句主干是“Anarchism is a term",定语从句的主干是“feature is the belief”,同位语从句的主干是“government is both harmful and unnecessary”。)
53。 Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States than did Henry Ford， a pioneer in automobile production.
（“no。..more than”句型，以比较级的形式表示最高级的含义；复合句，注意比较状语从句里的技术性倒装,原因是主语后面跟有一个名词短语作同位语;重要搭配：have effect on.。.。）
54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
（简单句，“主—谓-宾—补"结构--——possbile形容词作宾补;主干是“use makes testing possible”；句子将宾补提前到宾语之前，原因是宾语部分比较长————带有of介词短语作定语；of, of, in, of介词短语均作定语。）
55。 The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
（复合句，含有that引导的定语从句；主句主干“The history is a chain of events"是“主系表”结构；定语从句所修饰的先行词是events,从句是“主谓”结构，with介词短语作状语；of painting是介词短语作定语;fascinating是现在分词活用作形容词，作定语;ever made是过去分词短语作定语,相当于被动语态的定语从句“that have ever been made”。）
56. Perfectly matched pearls， strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls sold individually.
（复合句，含有than引导的比较状语从句---—从句省略了谓语部分“would bring"；strung into a necklece是过去分词短语，相当于定语从句“that/which have been strung into
a necklace"；sold individually是过去分词短语作定语，相当于“that were sold individually".主句主干是“pearls bring a price”,“主-谓-宾”结构。）
57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
（复合句，含有whose引导的定语从句--—先行词是tribe———和what引导的表语从句；主句和两个从句都是“主—系—表”结构，主干分别是“Little Turtle was chief”、“territory became 。..”、“what is Indiana and Ohio”；during介词短语作时间状语，of介词短语作后置定语————短语作定语时都必须后置。）
58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
(while连接的并列句,among介词短语置于句首起强调作用———请参看第2句；第一分句是主系表"结构，grown过去分词作表语；第二分句是“主谓”结构-——grow是不介物动词,three feet是名词短语作状语；at和in介词短语都作状语；while连接两个分句时有比较、对照的含义。)
59。 Before starting on a sea voyage， pru