深圳中考英语语法填空解题技巧指导.doc

语法填空解题技巧指导
一，解题步骤：
1，快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来；
2，上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
3，通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

二，解题思路：
1，有提示词
     这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。

（1）. 如果要填入动词，我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。
     如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。
     若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么我们应该填入非谓语动词，这时我们需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。
例题：
①. For example, I ________ (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50.
②. When I die, I ________ (give) everything to you.
③. On their return, the father asked his son ________(explain) what he had learnt.
④. They are animals ________ (live) in the sea.
⑤.He likes reading books ________ (write) by Lu Xun.

【实时训练】
分析句子结构，找出句中的谓语动词及非谓语动词。
1. World emissions have risen by about 70% since the 1970s.
2. Walking 10 kilometers every day is a challenging game for a normal person.
3. It affects man's spirit and makes them more likely to suffer from disease.
4. Many years ago there lived a very rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town.
5. The survey conducted by the club shows that many people want to take exercise for one hour every day.

课堂练习
Task 1. 请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程说出来。在做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。
1. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car __________ (break) down near a remote village.
2. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________(result) in the contrary to our intention.
3....people stepped on your feet or _________(push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
4.Her mother was excited,“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane ____________(inform).
5. After a four-day journey, the young man __________ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink
6. He ______________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

Task 2: 请做下面一组题，每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的，并将解题的思维过程说出来。在做完这一组题后，总结一下这类题的解题方法。
1. I noticed a man _________(sit) at the front.
2. He spit it out, ________(say) it was awful.
3. It’s already 8:30. We must hurry up________ (catch) the plane.
4. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
5. I really like the photos ______ (take) on the Great Wall .

Task 3: 根据以上所学知识，填写下列句子。
1. When I asked what he _______ (want) to orderhe just _______ (shake) his head.
2. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom， _____________ (change) to the library at the last minute.
3. In Mount Berry，Georgia，people find a group of schools _____ (build) specially for mountain children.
4. ______ (walk) nearer，she looked up at me and then _______ (fix) her eyes on my can.
5. The other frogs kept ________ (tell) them to stop and that they were as good as dead.
6.Before the waitress could even finish _______(describe) the menu，my friend looked at me with his eyebrows _______ (raise).
7.A pick-up truck _______(pass) us on the road and，a few minutes later，I saw it ______ (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us.

（2）. 如果需要填入名词，我们则需要根据我们的积累，加上正确的词缀，并判断是否有单复数的变化。
通常情况下，作主语，及物动词或介词的宾语，形容词或物主代词之后，冠词+（形容词）后以及表示数量的词后要用名词。

例题：
①. My first ________ (impress) of him is that he was a kind and thoughtful man.
②. These people have made great ________ (contribute) to China with their work.
③ With large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

构词法：（这些单词都是大家初中阶段学习过的考纲内词汇，请务必熟记于心）
（1） 动词变名词
①加ment，如：treatment, improvement, development, agreement, advertisement, achievement, punishment, excitement.
②加ion，如：invention, action, collection, attraction, suggestion, discussion
③去e加ion，如：education, operation, communication, graduation, congratulation
④去e加ation，如：preparation, invitation, imagination, examination
⑤改de为sion，如：decision, conclusion
⑥加ing，如：training, meaning, building, meeting, feeling, greeting
⑦加or，如：actor, director, visitor
⑧加er，如：player, reader, owner, leader, speaker, farmer, waiter, reporter, dancer
⑨加ress，如：waitress, actress
⑩加ist，如：scientist，artist，tourist
（2） 形容词变名词
①加ness，如：illness, sickness, kindness, sadness, happiness
②加y/ty，如：difficulty, safety
③加er/r，如：foreigner, stranger
④改t为ce，如：difference, silence, importance, patience, confidence
⑤加th或去e加th，如：warmth, truth

【实时训练】
1.What is the ___different) between the two words.
2.The driver’s ___________(care) led to the traffic accident.
3.I received a letter of ___________(invite) but I didn’t accept it.
4.He is a ____________(lie) ,don’t believe him.
5.I had no ___________(choose), though.
6.The ___________ (win) of the competition are to be announced next week.
7.Look up the ___________ (mean) of the word in a dictionary.
8. ___________(congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
9.I received a letter of ___________(invite) but I didn’t accept it.

（3）. 如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词，代词，或作表语；副词一般用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。
例题：
①. Before the trip I thought we were rich, but today I learnt who is ________(true) rich.
②. He must be ________ (mental) disabled.
③. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________ (warm).
④. ________ (Fortune), nobody was injured and no buildings were destroyed.
⑤. Some people say that the oldest child, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ________ (succeed)
⑥. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour---much ________ (fast) than any of its rivals.

构词法：（这些单词都是大家初中阶段学习过的考纲内词汇，请务必熟记于心）
动词或名词变形容词：

形容词变副词的后缀：

【实时训练】
Task 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空，并圈出解题的关键词（被修饰词）。
1. The river was so polluted that it _________(actual) caught fire and burned.
2. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _______ (soft).
3. Just be ______________ (patience).
4. Although parents should take _________ (well) care of their young children, they don’t ________ (necessary) do
anything for them.
5. ---Do you like Mary’s new hairstyle?
---Perfect! How much ________ (good) she looks with the curly short hair!
6. --- Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?
--- Not at all. I can’t have a ________ (bad) one.
7. --- Lily did succeed at last!
--- Yeah, indeed, but she was _______ (luck) than successful, I think.
8. That would be a very ________ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like this.
9. Mary felt __________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
10.The teachers are very enthusiastic and __________ (friend) and the classrooms are _____________ (amaze).

Task 2. 语法填空
Some time ago, a friend of mine, who worked in a part of the city I didn’t know very _1______ (good), invited me to call on him. It took me hours to get there and I took _2________ (greatly) trouble to find a proper spot to park my car. As I was already three-quarters of an hour late, I parked my car _3_________ (quick).
At noon, just I was leaving my friend’s office, it _4______ (sudden) struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car. I could hardly go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere! Walking down street _5______ street, I examined each car _6____ (close) and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car. But How _7___________ (disappoint) I was to discover that though the car was _8___________ (exact) like my own, it belonged to someone else! Feeling quite _9________ (tire) now, I went off for lunch. Some time _10_________ (late), I left the restaurant and walked down the street. Turning the corner, I nearly jumped for joy: my car was right in front of me, and there was no problem this time.

2，无提示词
     无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。

（1）. 名词前面一般用冠词，形容词性物主代词或介词等。
例题：
①. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ________ water was sweet.
②. Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not ________ pleasant experience.
③. The young man went home ________ a happy heart.
④. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for ________ great works.

（2）. 缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。常考的代词包括：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词。
做题时，先要通过翻译句子来确定该空格处所缺的意思，从而确定用哪一种代词，再通过平时积累的语法知识，来判断代词的准确使用。
例题：
①. Here are two bags. The blue ________ is mine.
②. Suddenly the wall moved---________ was made of trees.
③. New technologies have made _________ possible to turn out new products faster.

（3）. 若两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
例题：
①. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma ________ a sum of money.
②. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy.
③. Which do you prefer, folk music ________ pop music?

【实时训练】
1. _________ village where I was born has grown into_________ big town.
2. In order to find a better job, she decided to study _________second language.
3. The coffee is so delicious. I have finished a cup of it and want_________.
4. In some countries , people eat with chopsticks,while in _________,they use knives and forks.
5. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _________of them wants to, because they have a lot of work to do.
6. Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn’t answer any of _________.
7. Respect is very important _________home,at school,and everywhere you go.
8. Each frog can eat a lot of pests that are harmful _________crops.
9. Jack is in a hurry because the bus to the airport leaves _________half an hour.
10.The Scottish girl _________blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
11. People find that they could hardly fall asleep in hot summer days_________air conditioners.
12. Susan made_________clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

（4）. 若两个句子之间没有分号或是句号；若一个句子包含在另一个句子里面，或一个句子位于逗号之后，则应该填连词，多为从属连词that, who, which, if,unless, though, because, when, until等。
例题：
①. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
②. ________hard your try, it is difficult to lose weight.
③. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ________ you are.
④. ________we have enough evidence, we cannot win the case.
⑤. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from______ their parents speak at home.
⑥.At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students ________came back to China after study.
⑦.My face turned red on hearing ________ my mother said.

【实时训练】
1. _________ he is a newcomer, he has few friends around them .
2. Tom didn’t go to bed _________his mother came back from school.
3. Don’t give up , _________you’ll never achieve your goals.
4.You will succeed in the end _________you give up halfway.
5. _________ I like the food in that restaurant, I won’t visit it today.I’d like to try a different one.
6. A sportman_________has set a new world record is certainly a hero.
7. I have finished reading all the books _________were borrowed from the school library.
8. I like the writer_________novel is popular among young children.
9. The reason _________I don’t believe in him is that he often tell lies.
10.We haven’t decided_________we are going to put our new furniture.
11. I cannot forget the time _________I stayed in the countryside with those farmers.
12. He said the girl was too fat, _________made the girl very angry.
13. The old woman was shocked by_________had happened to her daughter.

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